Cross and Scepter
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Saxo Grammaticus, 39, 40, 63, 64, 67, 85, 110, 112, 116, 170, 204–06, 208, 209, 211–13, 217, 231
Saxony, 35, 41, 69, 236, 237
Scania, 29, 127, 130, 135, 138, 139, 244, 264, 270, 284, 291
Schleswig 34, 49, 54, 259, 263, 264, 284. See also Southern Jutland
Scotland, 44, 46, 48, 77, 112, 113, 155, 214, 238, 240, 264, 267, 268
sea power, 29, 33, 37, 38, 112, 287
seafaring technology, 25
Seville, 22, 184
Shakespeare, William, 229, 279
Shetland, 24, 44, 264
Sigtuna, 67
Sigurd, Norwegian chieftain, 17
Sigurd Magnusson, King of Norway (1103–30), 74, 230
Skanør, 135
Skara, 72, 161
slaves, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 87, 120, 155
Snorri Sturluson, 17, 19, 66, 71, 172, 185–87, 204–06, 208–10, 212, 213, 217, 230
social stratification, 12, 15, 120, 122, 231
Southern, R.W. 3
Southern Jutland (see also Schleswig), 42, 50, 51, 114, 146, 162, 163
state, 2–4, 8, 157, 171, 235, 268, 280, 290, 291; medieval, 5, 82, 83, 140; modern, 4, 8, 280; system, 8, 292; term, 2, 3, 129
state formation, 3–6, 8, 56, 70, 119, 130, 140, 149, 269, 273, 277, 289
status rei publicae, 2
Stavanger, 17, 130
Steinnes, Asgaut, 124, 128
Sten Sture the Elder, Protector of the Realm in Sweden (d. 1503), 258, 261, 262, 266, 279, 280
Sten Svantesson Sture the Younger, Protector of the Realm in Sweden (d. 1520), 258, 259, 266
Stephen V, King of Hungary, 239
steward, 140
stockfish, 127, 134
Stockholm, 10, 136, 137, 139, 246, 258, 259, 282, 288
Strayer, Joseph, 3
Strengleikar, 223, 226, 228
Sture Chronicle, 262
Sture regime, Sweden, 129, 267, 277, 279, 280, 283
Sturla Tordsson, 155
succession to the throne, 5, 39, 42, 52, 53, 162, 164, 219, 256, 273, 274, 276, 291; hereditary, 52, 53, 55, 122, 219; individual 54–57; rules of, 54–57, 81, 150, 154, 155, 167, 213, 239, 240,
Svante Nilsson Sture, Protector of the Realm in Sweden (d. 1512), 258
Svealand, 55
Svein Håkonsson, Norwegian earl, 31
Sven Aggesen, 204
Sven Estridsen, King of Denmark (1047–74), 32, 39, 52, 53, 67, 178
Sven Forkbeard, King of Denmark (d. 1013), 23, 24, 31–33, 68
Sven Grathe, King of Denmark (d. 1157), 110
Sverker dynasty, 55
Sverre, King of Norway (1177–1202), 28, 43, 54, 55, 59, 81, 82, 84, 109, 112, 133, 219, 230, 281
Sverris Saga, 109, 210
Svolder, Battle of, 28, 29, 31, 33, 38, 55
sysselmann, 95, 97, 117, 221
taxation, 40, 41, 48, 84, 109, 110, 117, 124, 125, 130, 131, 157, 159–62, 255, 264
tenants, 19, 92, 146, 158, 161, 235
The King’s Mirror, 57, 78, 102, 103, 121, 133, 134, 143, 144, 150, 152–54, 169, 183, 185, 213, 220, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230
Theodoricus Monachus, 169, 206
thing, 87. See also assembly
Thomas Aquinas, 219
Thorgeir Thorkellsson, 63
Thorkel, 63
Tilly, Charles, 4, 269, 290
tithe, 45, 74, 79, 131
toll, 278
Tønsberg, 118
Tord Kakali, Icelandic chieftain, 156
Tore, Archbishop of Nidaros, 207
Tore, Bishop of Hamar, 207
Tore Hund, Norwegian chieftain, 17–20
tournaments, 154, 230, 231
towns, 22, 41, 67, 118, 126, 130, 133–39, 143, 284
Trelleborg, 107
trelleborgs, 107, 117
Tristan et Iseu, 223
Troms, 131
Troy, 12
Turks, 268, 282
Tyra, Queen of Denmark, 60
Tyrgils Knutsson, Swedish marshal, 161
Union letter, 248, 249
Uppsala, 72, 183, 254
Vadstena, 251; monastery of, 176, 177, 191, 196, 200
Valdemar Birgersson, King of Sweden (1250–75), 42, 56, 240
Valdemar Eriksen, Duke of Southern Jutland (d. 1312), 51, 163
Valdemar Eriksen, Duke of Southern Jutland (d. 1364), 243
Valdemar I, King of Denmark (1157–82) 40–42, 51–53, 57, 81, 82, 85, 110, 116, 212, 215, 216
Valdemar II, King of Denmark (1202–41), 41, 104, 124, 135, 146, 162, 238, 243
Valdemar III, King of Denmark (1326–39) =Valdemar Eriksen, Duke of Southern Jutland, 162
Valdemar IV, King of Denmark (1340–75), 42, 137, 242–45, 250, 277, 280
Valdemar Magnusson, Swedish Duke (d. 1318), 114, 241
Vänern, Lake, 10, 29
Vardøhus, 118
Västergötland, 55
Västerås, 285
Vättern, Lake, 10, 29, 55
Viborg, 47, 265; castle of, 47
Viken, 39
Viking expeditions, 12, 14–16, 21–25, 29, 31, 32–37, 41, 43, 66, 67, 121, 132, 133, 169, 172, 179, 189, 205, 250
village settlement, 11, 233
Virgin Mary, 18, 199
Visby, 137, 138
Vladimir the Great, King of Rus, 23
Volksgeist, 229
Weber, Max, 78
Wends, 40
Western Christendom, 6–8, 10, 36, 40, 47, 60, 69, 77, 175, 191, 196
Widukind of Corvey, 60, 62, 65
William of Sabina, Cardinal, 6, 44
witnesses, 87, 88, 91, 97, 199
Zealand, 18, 107, 244