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The Intimate Lives of the Founding Fathers

Page 54

by Thomas Fleming


  education of, 261, 262, 268–69, 273–74, 275, 281, 336, 346

  as father, 271, 276, 278, 279, 282, 290–94, 302–8, 313–18, 352

  Federalist opposition to, 310–11, 314, 318, 371–72, 378

  final years of, 316–27, 346–47

  finances of, 260, 261, 274, 306–7, 320–22, 323, 326–27, 405, 413

  as founding father, 308, 309, 328–30, 352

  Franklin’s relationship with, 115, 278, 294–95

  French policy of, 247, 309, 314–15, 373, 377, 379

  as governor of Virginia, 283–88, 292, 295, 323, 355, 363

  as grandfather, 259, 318, 319–20

  grave site of, 325–26, 327, 335–36

  Hamilton as rival of, xiv, 175, 228, 229–30, 231, 234, 235–36, 238, 239, 244, 245–46, 247, 248, 252–53, 309, 352, 370

  health of, 263, 279, 286, 288–93, 293, 294, 295, 297, 299–300, 323–25, 346–47

  “heart and head” letter of, 300–302

  James Madison’s relationship with, 182, 185, 292–93, 294, 295, 297, 308, 310, 313, 316, 323, 347, 355, 356–57, 362, 366, 370, 371–80, 402

  John Adams’s correspondence with, 201, 282, 316–17

  John Adams’s relationship with, 169, 176, 177–78, 179, 182, 185, 186, 190–92, 193, 195, 205, 245, 278, 280, 282, 308, 316–17, 352, 371

  library of, 289–90

  Louisiana Purchase negotiated by (1803), 247, 314–15, 377, 379

  love life of, 228, 261–63, 264, 265, 266–70, 271, 297–302, 311, 313, 378

  marriage of, xiii, 266–93, 298–99, 302, 304, 315, 325–26, 352, 429n–30n

  military policies of, 379–80, 388

  Monticello estate of, 259, 268–69, 270, 271–73, 275, 276, 277, 279, 281–86, 287, 289–91, 292, 293, 306–7, 310–27, 329, 333, 334–35, 336, 339–40, 342, 345–52, 380, 400, 405, 413

  moral values of, 228, 239, 265, 295–96, 300–302, 310–15, 328–52, 409–16

  musical interests of, 259, 260, 267, 269, 278, 298

  papers of, 260, 266, 279, 285, 310–11, 411

  in Paris, 293–306, 341, 364, 410, 412, 414

  personality of, xiii–xiv, 228, 229, 260, 261–63, 264, 279, 288–91, 293, 294, 295–302, 323, 330, 376, 410–12, 413, 414

  in Philadelphia, 278–81, 289, 292, 308, 310, 371–72

  poetry written by, 259–60

  political career of, 175, 176, 177, 185, 228, 229, 265, 271, 273–74, 277–91, 306–15, 318, 371–72, 378, 402, 414

  as president, 56, 198, 245–48, 309, 310, 313–20, 321, 352, 372–80

  as presidential candidate (1796), 177, 371

  as presidential candidate (1800), 190–92, 245

  press coverage of, 228, 229, 280, 301, 306, 309–15, 328–52, 378, 409–16

  reading by, 259, 260, 261, 276–77, 288–89, 299

  religious views of, 228, 297, 324

  reputation of, 195, 228, 277–78, 280, 287–88, 294–95, 308, 309–15, 321, 323 325, 328–52, 365, 378, 407–16

  as revolutionary leader, 260–61, 267, 273–74, 277–91, 295, 308

  Sally Hemings’s relationship with, xv, 304, 305–6, 310–15, 323, 327, 328–52, 409–16, 437n

  as secretary of state, 46, 47, 49, 172, 235–36, 306, 307, 308, 309

  slaves freed by, 305–6, 312–13, 321, 323, 409–16

  slaves owned by, 267, 268, 271, 273, 274–75, 285, 289, 290, 293, 305–6, 310–15, 323, 326–52

  social life of, 261–68, 292, 293–302, 313–14, 370–79, 382, 383

  as vice president, 177, 179, 310

  as Virginian, 260, 271, 273–74, 277–78, 280–88, 299

  Washington and, 48, 125, 235–36, 278, 295, 306, 307, 308, 309–10, 315, 352

  as widower, xiii, 289–93, 298–99, 302, 304, 313–14, 383

  writings of, 277, 278, 327

  Jefferson Family Association, 337

  Jefferson Foundation Research Committee, 350–51

  Jefferson Image in the American Mind, The (Peterson), 409–10

  Jefferson in Paris, 414, 415

  Jefferson Legacies Conference (1993), 413

  Jefferson Memorial, 336

  “Jefferson Scandals, The” (Adair), 410–11

  Jennings, Paul, 403, 406

  Johnson, Samuel, 216

  Jones, John A., 333

  Jones, John Paul, 103

  Jones, William, 399

  Jordan, Daniel P., 339

  Jordan, Winthrop, 410, 415

  Jouett, Jack, 284–85

  Julius Caesar (Shakespeare), 178

  Kennedy, John F., 352

  Key, Francis Scott, 395

  Kidd, Kenneth, 342–43

  King George’s War, 83–84

  King’s College (Columbia College), 28–31, 215–17

  Knox, Henry, 37, 164, 187

  Knox, Hugh, 214–15

  Knox, Lucy, 51

  Lafayette, Adrienne, 157, 297

  Lafayette, Marquis de, 48, 157, 222, 295, 297

  Latrobe, Benjamin, 383, 403

  Laurens, Henry, 141

  Laurens, John, 218–20

  Lavien, John Michael, 209–10, 211

  Lavien, Peter, 209, 210, 211

  Lavien, Rachel Fawcett, xiii, 209–12, 213, 215, 216, 219, 221, 222, 223, 426n

  Lawrence, John, 174–75

  Lear, Tobias, 54–56

  Lee, Arthur, 103, 114, 139, 140, 150, 153, 154

  Lee, Billy, 61

  Lee, Charles, 218

  Lee, Eliza Collins, 367, 368, 404, 407

  Lee, Henry, 189, 233, 323–24

  Lee, Richard Bland, 367, 368

  Lee, Richard Henry, 62, 97, 103, 148, 280–81, 282

  “Letters from George Washington to Several of His Friends in the year 1776,” 61–62

  Lewis, Lawrence, 51, 56

  Lewis, Meriwether, 319

  Lewis, Nelly Custis, 43, 44, 50–51, 53–54, 57

  Lewis, Warner, 264

  Lexington and Concord, Battles of, 96, 98, 125, 278

  Library of Congress, 66, 393

  “Life Among the Lowly” (Wetmore), 331–35

  Life of Thomas Jefferson (Parton), 330

  Lincoln, Abraham, 255, 336, 415

  Lincoln, Bela, 129

  Livingston, Kitty, 215, 218

  Livingston, Susannah, 218

  Livingston, William, 215, 216, 217

  Lossing, Benjamin, 17, 68

  Louisiana, 177, 327, 396

  Louisiana Purchase (1803), 247, 314–15, 319, 377, 379

  Louis XIV, King of France, 298

  Louis XVI, King of France, 48, 49, 112, 117, 304

  Lovell, James, 138, 139, 151, 153

  Lytton, Ann, 212, 215

  McHenry, James, 190, 196, 237, 239

  McKean, Sally, 371, 376, 377

  McPherson, James, 276–77

  Madison, Dolley Payne Todd, 355–407

  death and funeral of, 406–7

  dresses worn by, 370, 371, 382

  final years of, 403–7

  as First Lady, 382–99

  health of, 377, 378, 379, 403, 406–7

  James Madison’s correspondence with, 368, 369, 377, 389–90

  James Madison’s courtship of, 366–68

  James Madison’s marriage to, xv, xvi, 368, 369–404

  Jefferson’s relationship with, 332, 345–46, 347, 372–80

  Martha Washington’s relationship with, 367, 370–71, 434n

  moral values of, 371, 376–77

  as mother, 368, 399

  personality of, 366–70, 376, 377–79, 389, 403, 404, 405–7

  in Philadelphia, 366–68, 370–71, 377, 394–95

  political views of, 370, 375, 378–79, 381, 382–83, 385, 386–90

  portraits of, 384, 393

  press coverage of, 381, 383

  reputation of, 370–79, 381, 383, 395, 398–99, 405–7

  slaves owned by, 405, 406

  social life of, 366–67, 370–79, 381, 382–85, 396, 398–99, 400, 404, 405–7r />
  War of 1812 heroism of, 385, 386, 387, 388–95, 397, 406

  Washington Monument fundraising by, 255, 406

  Wednesday receptions of, 384–85, 386, 388–89

  White House renovated by, 383–85, 386

  as widow, xv, 366–68, 381

  Madison, James, 355–404

  ancestry of, 358

  as anti-Federalist, 182, 185

  background of, 358–61, 362, 369

  biographies of, 355, 357

  British policy of, 382–83, 385–98

  congressional relations of, 386, 388, 395, 398–99

  at Constitutional Convention (1787), 364–65

  in Continental Congress, 292–93, 355–58, 361, 363

  correspondence of, 294, 316, 323, 355–56, 357, 360, 364, 402

  death of, 403

  Dolley Madison’s correspondence with, 368, 369, 377, 389–90

  economic policies of, 233, 234, 355, 357, 362–63, 366, 370, 401–2

  final years of, 400–403

  as Founding Father, 304, 364–65, 401–2

  French policy of, 382–83, 385, 387, 390

  Hamilton opposed by, 224, 231, 241, 366, 370

  health of, 358, 360, 370, 388, 394, 400, 403

  in House of Representatives, 46, 166, 365, 385

  inauguration of, 382–83

  Jefferson’s relationship with, 182, 185, 292–93, 294, 295, 297, 308, 310, 313, 316, 323, 347, 355, 356–57, 362, 366, 370, 371–80, 402

  leadership of, 355–56, 364–65, 385–99

  love life of, 356–58, 363–66

  marriage of, xv, xvi, 368, 369–404

  military policies of, 357, 363, 385, 388, 389, 390–95, 396

  papers of, 357, 391, 400, 404–5

  personality of, xv, 355–58, 359, 361–62, 365–66, 369–70, 371, 374–75, 376, 385, 394–95, 398–99

  in Philadelphia, 355–58, 360, 366–68, 370–71, 394–95, 401

  physical appearance of, 358, 361, 389

  political career of, xvi, 355–56, 360–66, 371–72, 374, 380–402

  as president, 382–99

  as presidential candidate (1808), 380–82

  as presidential candidate (1812), 386–87

  press coverage of, 381, 395, 397

  as Republican leader, 241, 308, 366, 370, 385, 386–87, 389

  reputation of, 355–58, 364–66, 367, 380–82, 395, 398–99, 406

  as revolutionary leader, 292–93, 355–58, 360–65

  as secretary of state, 198, 347, 372–80

  social life of, 359, 370–79, 383–85

  as Virginian, 358, 361–62, 370, 402

  War of 1812 supported by, 385–98

  in Washington, D.C., 372–99

  Washington’s relationship with, 48, 364–65, 366, 370–71

  will of, 405

  Madison, James (cousin), 362–63

  Madison, James, Sr., 358, 360, 361, 372

  Madison, Nelly Conway, 358

  Madison, William, 361

  Marie Antoinette, 48, 117

  Maryland, 27–28, 64, 391, 392

  Mason, George, 53

  Mason, John M., 250

  Massachusetts, 32–33, 34, 95, 129, 137, 161, 162, 168, 388, 396

  Mazzei, Phillip, 309

  Merchant of Venice, The (Shakespeare), 132

  Merry, Anthony, 377, 383

  Merry, Elizabeth, 377–79

  Milton, John, 128

  “Minutes of the Trial and Examination of Certain Persons in the Province of New York,” 60–61

  Missouri Compromise (1820), 414

  Moncure, Henry W., 406

  Monmouth, Battle of, 283

  Monroe, James, 203, 235, 236–37, 240, 287–88, 314, 372, 380, 381

  Monticello, 259, 268–69, 270, 271–73, 275, 276, 277, 279, 281–86, 287, 289–91, 292, 293, 306–7, 310–27, 329, 333, 334–35, 336, 339–40, 342, 345–52, 380, 400, 405, 413

  Moore, Benjamin, 250–51

  Moore, Thomas B., 338

  Morgan, J. P., 5

  Morris, Gouverneur, 225, 247, 251, 252

  Morris, Robert, 48, 173, 224

  Mother and Wife of Washington (Lossing), 17

  Muhlenberg, Frederick A. C., 235, 236, 240

  Murray, William Vans, 186

  Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 188–89, 314, 373, 385, 388

  National Intelligencer, 375, 383, 391, 398

  Native Americans, 65, 174, 265, 363, 390

  Nature, 328, 337, 338

  Navy, U.S., 52, 144, 178–81, 183, 193, 379–80

  Neiman, Fraser D., 339, 341, 344

  New England, 34, 47, 60–61, 125–26, 247–48, 278, 380, 382, 385, 388, 394, 396, 397

  New Jersey, 89, 90, 94, 96–101, 112, 118, 188–89, 215, 217, 246, 250, 251, 385–86

  New York City, 29, 44–47, 60–61, 100, 112, 150, 163, 164–70, 181, 224–33, 241–51, 254, 307, 308, 372, 386

  New York Herald, 3–5, 16

  New York State, 60–61, 134, 174, 179–80, 199, 230, 234, 246, 247–48, 254, 381, 385–87

  New York Times, 328, 338, 412, 413

  Notes on Virginia (Jefferson), 288

  Onuf, Peter, 352, 413

  Ossian, 276–77

  Page, John, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265–66, 316

  Paine, Thomas, 49, 253, 280, 311

  Palladio, Andrea, 268–69

  Paradise Lost (Milton), 128

  Parke, Daniel, 27

  Parliament, 33, 34, 92–93, 94, 95, 96, 118, 225–26, 360, 361

  Parton, James, 330, 413

  Pascal, Blaise, vii

  Payne, Anna, see Cutts, Anna Payne

  Payne, John C., 401

  Payne, Lucy, see Washington, Lucy Payne

  Peale, Charles Willson, 38

  Peabody, Elizabeth Shaw, see, Elizabeth Smith Shaw

  Pendleton, Edmund, 34, 281, 283, 419n

  Penn, William, 85

  Pennsylvania, 73, 97, 118, 134

  Peterson, Merrill D., 409–10, 413

  Philadelphia, 36–37, 43, 46, 47–51, 52, 59, 62, 73–85, 90–93, 96–101, 106–7, 118–20, 125–26, 137–38, 170–92, 230–39, 243, 245, 278–81, 289, 292, 308, 310, 355–58, 360, 366–72, 377, 394–95, 401

  Philadelphia Aurora, 180–81, 182, 191–92, 243

  Philipse, Mary, 14

  Pickering, Timothy, 62–63, 184, 188, 189–90, 239, 253

  Pierce, William, 364

  Pike County Republican, 331–35, 345, 348, 409, 412

  Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 191, 382

  Pinckney, Thomas, 177, 178, 191

  Plato, 203

  Plumer, William, 380

  Plutarch, 319

  Polk, James K., 255

  Polk, Martha, 255

  Polk, Sarah, 406

  Poor Richard’s Almanac, 79, 81, 91

  Pope, Alexander, 128

  Porter, Susanna, 261

  Posey, John, 64–65, 67

  Posey, Martha Harrison, 67

  Posey, Milly, 64

  Posey, Thomas, 63–67, 347

  Potter, Sukey, 264

  Powel, Eliza, 51–52, 54

  Presbyterians, 215–16, 360–61, 362

  Price, Richard, 246

  Priestley, Joseph, 238

  Princeton College, 51, 99, 214, 215, 358–61, 362, 405

  Prospect Before Us, The (Callender), 190–91

  Quakers, 74, 79, 102, 175, 229, 367, 369, 371, 382, 389

  “Quasi-War,” 52, 183–89, 193, 244–45

  Quincy, Esther, 128–29

  Quincy, Hannah, 127–29, 130, 204–5

  Quincy, Josiah, 204

  Ralph, James, 75

  Ramsay, Allen, 146

  Randall, Henry S., 333

  Randolph, Anne Cary, 318, 319

  Randolph, Cornelia, 320, 401

  Randolph, Edmund, 172, 275, 280, 287, 290, 292, 364

  Randolph, Ellen, 319–20, 324, 327

  Randolph, George Wythe, 324

  Randolph, John (Virginia congressman),
381, 383

  Randolph, John (attorney general of colonial Williamsburg), 62, 278

  Randolph, Martha Jefferson “Patsy,” 271, 276, 290–91, 293–94, 296, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307–8, 313, 317–18, 322, 325–26, 327, 336, 350, 352, 356, 404, 412–13

  Randolph, Mary, 319–20

  Randolph, Mary Isham, 260

  Randolph, Nancy, 261

  Randolph, Sarah Nicholas, 330, 346

  Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, 322, 323, 324, 325, 327, 334–35, 338, 345, 347, 349, 351, 410

  Randolph, Thomas Mann, 307–8, 315, 317–18, 320, 322, 323, 325, 356

  Randolph, Virginia, 324

  Randolph, William, 260, 270, 307

  Ray, Catherine “Katy,” 82–83, 88, 120

  Reed, Joseph, 36–37

  Republican Party, 49, 177, 179, 182–83, 185, 190–92, 193, 232–45, 252–53, 308, 309, 310, 331, 333, 366, 370, 371–72, 373, 377, 385, 386–87, 389

  Revere, Paul, 284–85

  Reynolds, James, 230, 234–35, 236, 239, 241

  Reynolds, Maria, xvi, 230–43, 244, 245, 247, 252, 310

 

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