Elephants on Acid

by Boese, Alex

THE ACOUSTICS OF COCKTAIL PARTIES

  Lebo, C. P., K. S. Oliphant, & J. Garrett (1967). “Acoustic Trauma from Rock-and-Roll Music.” California Medicine 107 (5): 378–80.

  MacLean, W. R. (1959). “On the Acoustics of Cocktail Parties.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 31 (1): 79–80.

  Three: Total Recall

  ELECTRIC RECALL

  Loftus, E. F., & G. R. Loftus (1980). “On the Permanence of Stored Information in the Human Brain.” American Psychologist 35 (5): 409–20.

  Penfield, W. (1958). “Some Mechanisms of Consciousness Discovered during Electrical Stimulation of the Brain.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 44 (2): 51–66.

  Valenstein, E. S. (1973). Brain Control: A Critical Examination of Brain Stimulation and Psychosurgery. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 108–14.

  ELEPHANTS NEVER FORGET

  Markowitz, H., M. Schmidt, L. Nadal, & L. Squier (1975). “Do Elephants Ever Forget?” Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 8 (3): 333–35.

  Rensch, B. (1956). “Increase of Learning Capability with Increase of Brain-Size.” The American Naturalist 90 (851): 81–95.

  THE MEMORY SKILLS OF COCKTAIL WAITRESSES

  Ingram, J. (2000). The Barmaid’s Brain: And Other Strange Tales from Science. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.

  UNDERWATER MEMORY

  Godden, D., & A. Baddeley (1980). “When Does Context Influence Recognition Memory?” British Journal of Psychology 71: 99–104.

  Koens, F., O. T. J. T. Cate, & E. J. F. M. Custers (2003). “Context- Dependent Memory in a Meaningful Environment for Medical Education: In the Classroom and at the Bedside.” Advances in Health Sciences Education 8: 155–65.

  EDIBLE MEMORY

  Bird, J. (March 28, 1964). “The Worm Learns.” Saturday Evening Post: 66–67.

  Gratzer, W. (2000). The Undergrowth of Science: Delusion, Self-Deception and Human Frailty. New York: Oxford University Press. 57–64.

  Rilling, M. (1996). “The Mystery of the Vanished Citations: James McConnell’s Forgotten 1960s Quest for Planarian Learning, a Biochemical Engram, and Celebrity.” American Psychologist 51 (6): 589–98.

  Travis, G. D. L. (1981). “Replicating Replication? Aspects of the Social Construction of Learning in Planarian Worms.” Social Studies of Science 11 (1): 11–32.

  Ungar, G., L. Galvan, & G. Chapouthier (1972). “Evidence for Chemical Coding of Color Discrimination in Goldfish Brain.” Experientia 28 (9): 1026–27.

  BENEFICIAL BRAINWASHING

  Cameron, D. E. (1960). “Production of Differential Amnesia as a Factor in the Treatment of Schizophrenia.” Comprehensive Psychiatry 1: 26–34.

  Collins, A. (1997). In the sleep room: The Story of the CIA Brainwashing Experiments in Canada. Toronto: Key Porter Books.

  Gillmor, D. (1987). I Swear by Apollo: Dr. Ewen Cameron and the CIABrainwashing Experiments. Montreal: Eden Press.

  Marks, J. (1979). The Search for the Manchurian Candidate: The CIA and Mind Control. New York: Times Books. Chapter 8.

  THE WHITE BEAR

  Wegner, D. M. (1989). White Bears and Other Unwanted Thoughts: An Exploration of Suppression, Obsession, and the Psychology of Mental Control. New York: Viking.

  Wegner, D. M., & D. J. Schneider (2003). “The White Bear Story.” Psychological Inquiry 14 (3&4): 326–29.

  LOST IN THE MALL

  Loftus, E. F., & K. Ketcham (1996). The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin.

  Neimark, J. (1996). “The Diva of Disclosure.” Psychology Today 29 (1): 48–52, 78, 80.

  Four: Bedtime Stories

  Martin, P. (2004). Counting Sheep: The Science and Pleasures of Sleep and Dreams. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

  SLEEP LEARNING

  “Deeper . . . Deeper . . . Dee . . .” (March 20, 1950). Time: 77.

  Elliott, C. R. (1947). “An Experimental Study of the Retention of Auditory Material Presented During Sleep.” Unpublished master’s thesis, University of North Carolina.

  Emmons, W. H., & C. W. Simon (1956). “The Non-recall of Material Presented during Sleep.” The American Journal of Psychology 69 (1): 76–81.

  Fox, B. H., & J. S. Robbin (1952). “The Retention of Material Presented during Sleep.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 43: 75–79.

  “He Teaches Frogs to Lose Hangups.” (December 17, 1972). The Daily Review (Hayward, Calif.): 14.

  “Learning while you sleep method eases home work.” (September 6, 1955). Albuquerque Journal: 26.

  ELEVEN DAYS AWAKE

  De Manaceine, M. (1894). “Quelques observations expérimentales sur l’influence de l’insomnie absolue.” Archives Italiennes de biologie 21: 322–25.

  Dement, W. C. (1974). Some Must Watch While Some Must Sleep. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

  Patrick, G. T. W., & J. A. Gilbert (1896). “On the Effects of Loss of Sleep.” The Psychological Review 3 (5): 469–83.

  LET SLEEPING CATS HUNT

  Brown, C. (February 2, 2003). “The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Deer.” New York Times Magazine: 34–41, 53, 72, 79, 82, 83.

  Jouvet, M. (1967). “The States of Sleep.” Scientific American 216 (2): 62–72.

  Hendricks, J. C., A. R. Morrison, & G. L. Mann (1982). “Different behaviors during paradoxical sleep without atonia depend on pontine lesion site.” Brain Research 239:81–105.

  Henley, K., & A. R. Morrison (1974). “A re-evaluation of the effects of lesions of the pontine tegmentum and locus coeruleus on phenomena of paradoxical sleep in the cat.” Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 34: 215–32.

  WHAT DREAMS MAY COME

  “Sweet Dreams Are Made of Cheese.” (September 25, 2005). British Cheese Board press release. Available online at: http://www.cheeseboard.co.uk/news.cfm?page_id=240.

  Tauber, E. S., H. P. Roffwarg, & J. Herman (1968). “The effects of longstanding perceptual alterations on the hallucinatory content of dreams.” Psychophysiology 5: 219.

  Five: Animal Tales

  ELEPHANTS ON ACID

  Conley, C. (August 4, 1962). “Shot of Drug Kills Tusko.” Daily Oklahoman: 1–2.

  “Elephant Dies from New Drug” (August 5, 1962). Appleton Post-Crescent: A2.

  “Fatal Research: Drug Kills Elephant Guinea Pig” (August 4, 1962). Long Beach Press-Telegram: B12.

  Harwood, P. D. (1963). “Therapeutic Dosage in Small and Large Mammals.” Science 139 (3555): 684–85.

  Koella, W. P., R. F. Beaulieu, & J. R. Bergen (1964). “Stereotyped behavior and cyclic changes in response produced by LSD.” International Journal of Neuropharmacology 3: 397–403.

  Lemov, R. (2005). World as Laboratory: Mice, Mazes, and Men. New York: Hill and Wang. Chapter 10.

  “LSD Related Death of an Elephant” (August 16, 2002). Erowid. Available online at: http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/lsd/lsd_history4.shtml.

  “The Maestro of ‘Mind-Control’ Continues to Haunt America.” Freedom Magazine. Available online at: http://www.freedommag.org/english/la/issue02/page12.htm.

  Siegel, R. K. (1984). “LSD-Induced Effects in Elephants: Comparisons with Musth Behavior.” Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 22 (1): 53–56.

  Siegel, R. K., & M. E. Jarvik (1975). “Drug-Induced Hallucinations in Animals and Man.” In Siegel, R. K., & L. J. West, eds. Hallucinations. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 81–161.

  Witt, P. N., C. F. Reed, & D. B. Peakall (1968). A Spider’s Web: Problems in Regulatory Biology. New York: Springer-Verlag.

  RACING ROACHES

  Rajecki, D. W., W. Ickes, C. Corcoran, & K. Lenerz (1977). “Social Facilitation of Human Performance: Mere Presence Effects.” Journal of Social Psychology 102: 297–310.

  Worringham, C. J., & D. M. Messick (1983). “Social Facilitation of Running: An Unobtrusive Study.” Journal of Social Psychology 121: 23–29.

  EYEING AN UNGULATE

  Ellsworth, P. C., J. M. Carlsmith, & A. Henson (1
972). “The Stare as a Stimulus to Flight in Human Subjects: A Series of Field Experiments.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 21 (3): 302–11.

  HORNY TURKEYS AND HYPERSEXUAL CATS

  Carbaugh, B. T., M. W. Schein, & E. B. Hale (1962). “Effects of Morphological Variations of Chicken Models on Sexual Responses of Cocks.” Animal Behaviour 10: 235–38.

  Davis, K. (2001). More Than a Meal: The Turkey in History, Myth, Ritual, and Reality. New York: Lantern Books.

  Schreiner, L., & A. Kling (1953). “Behavioral Changes Following Rhinencephalic Injury in Cat.” Journal of Neurophysiology 16: 643–59.

  Stimuli Releasing Sexual Behavior of Domestic Turkeys. (1958). Produced by M. W. Schein & E. B. Hale. Available from Penn State Media Sales.

  THE BRAIN SURGEON AND THE BULL

  Horgan, J. (October 2005). “The Forgotten Era of Brain Chips.” Scientific American 293 (4): 66–73.

  Osmundsen, J. A. (May 17, 1965). “‘Matador’ with a Radio Stops Wired Bull.” New York Times: 1, 20.

  Valenstein, E. S. (1973). Brain Control: A Critical Examination of Brain Stimulation and Psychosurgery. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 99.

  Six: Mating Behavior

  LOVE AT LAST CALL

  Madey, S. F., M. Simo, D. Dillworth, D. Kemper, A. Toczynski, & A. Perelle (1996). “They Do Get More Attractive at Closing Time, but Only When You Are Not in a Relationship.” Basic and Applied Social Psychology 18 (4): 387–93.

  Nida, S. A., & J. Koon (1983). “They get better looking at closing time around here, too.” Psychological Reports 52: 657–58.

  Sprecher, S., J. DeLamater, N. Neuman, M. Neuman, P. Kahn, D. Orbuch, & K. McKinney (1984). “Asking Questions in Bars: The Girls (and Boys) May Not Get Prettier at Closing Time and Other Interesting Results.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 10: 482–88.

  THE GAY DETECTOR

  Clarke, S. (1999). “Justifying deception in social science research.” Journal of Applied Philosophy 16 (2): 151–66.

  HEART RATE DURING INTERCOURSE

  Bartlett, R. G. (1956). “Physiologic responses during coitus.” Journal of Applied Physiology 9: 469–72.

  PUSHING THE PLEASURE BUTTON

  Heath, R. G. (1972). “Pleasure and Brain Activity in Man.” The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 154 (1): 3–18.

  Olds, J., & P. Milner (1954). “Positive Reinforcement Produced by Electrical Stimulation of Septal Area and Other Regions of Rat Brain.” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 47: 419–27.

  VOULEZ-VOUS COUCHEZ AVEC MOI (CE SOIR)?

  Clark, R. D. (1990). “The Impact of AIDS on Gender Differences in Willingness to Engage in Casual Sex.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 20 (9): 771–82.

  Clark, R. D., & E. Hatfield (2003). “Love in the Afternoon.” Psychological Inquiry 14 (3&4): 227–31.

  THE PENIS IMAGINED AS A SPERM-SHOVELLING SCOOP

  Gallup, G. G., & R. L. Burch (2004). “Semen Displacement as a Sperm Competition Strategy in Humans.” Evolutionary Psychology 2: 12–23.

  Gallup, G. G., R. L. Burch, & S. M. Platek (2002). “Does Semen Have Antidepressant Properties?” Archives of Sexual Behavior 31 (3): 289–93.

  Seven: Oh, Baby!

  Sulek, Antoni. (1989). “The Experiment of Psammetichus: Fact, Fiction, and Model to Follow.” Journal of the History of Ideas 50 (4): 645–51.

  LITTLE ALBERT AND THE RAT

  Benjamin, L. T., J. L. Whitaker, R. M. Ramsey, & D. R. Zeve (2007). “John B. Watson’s Alleged Sex Research: An Appraisal of the Evidence.” American Psychologist 62 (2): 131–39.

  Cornwell, D., & S. Hobbs (1976). “The strange saga of Little Albert.” New Society. March 18: 602–4.

  Harris, Ben. (February 1979). “Whatever Happened to Little Albert?” American Psychologist 34 (2): 151–60.

  Magoun, H. W. (1981). “John B. Watson and the Study of Human Sexual Behavior.” Journal of Sex Research 17 (4): 368–78.

  Watson, J. B., & R. R. Watson (December 1921). “Studies in Infant Psychology.” Scientific Monthly 13 (6): 493–515.

  SELF-SELECTION OF DIET BY INFANTS

  Davis, C. M. (1935). “Self-Selection of Food by Children.” The American Journal of Nursing 35 (5): 403–10.

  Davis, C. M. (1939). “Results of the self-selection of diets by young children.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 41 (3): 257–61.

  Munro, N. (1966). “A Review of the 1928 Research by Clara Davis.” Journal of Home Economics 58 (8): 655–58.

  A GIRL NAMED GUA

  Benjamin, L. T., Jr., & D. Bruce (1982). “From Bottle-Fed Chimp to Bottlenose Dolphin: A Contemporary Appraisal of Winthrop Kellogg.” The Psychological Record 32: 461–82.

  BABY IN A BOX

  Benjamin, L. T., & E. Nielsen-Gammon (1999). B. F. Skinner and Psychotechnology: The Case of the Heir Conditioner. Review of General Psychology 3 (3): 155–67.

  Capshew, J. H. (October 1993). “Engineering Behavior: Project Pigeon, World War II, and the Conditioning of B. F. Skinner.” Technology and Culture 34 (4): 835–57.

  Skinner, B. F. (March 1979). “My Experience with the Baby-Tender.” Psychology Today: 29–31, 34, 37–38, 40.

  THE NEW MOTHER

  Blum, D. (2002). Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the Science of Affection. New York: Perseus Publishing.

  Harlow, H. F., & S. J. Suomi (1970). “Nature of Love—Simplified.” American Psychologist 25 (2): 161–68.

  Mason, W. A. (1978). “Social Experience and Primate Cognitive Development.” In Burghardt, G. M., & M. Bekoff, eds. The Development of Behavior: Comparative and Evolutionary Aspects. New York: Garland Publishing. 233–51.

  THE ULTIMATE BABY MOVIE

  Wright, S. H. (May 17, 2006). “Media Lab Project Explores Language Acquisition.” MIT Tech Talk 50 (27): 4.

  Eight: Toilet Reading

  Kira, A. (1976). The Bathroom. New York: The Viking Press.

  SPACE INVADERS IN THE LOO

  Koocher, G. P. (1977). “Bathroom Behavior and Human Dignity.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35 (2): 120–21.

  Middlemist, R. D., E. S. Knowles, & C. F. Matter (1977). “What to Do and What to Report: A Reply to Koocher.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35 (2): 122–24.

  FART-OLOGY

  Tomlin, J., C. Lowis, & N. W. Read (1991). “Investigation of normal flatus production in healthy volunteers.” Gut 32: 665–69.

  Nine: Making Mr. Hyde

  SHOCKING OBEDIENCE

  Blass, T. (2004). The Man Who Shocked the World: The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram. New York: Basic Books.

  Masserman, J. H., S. Wechkin, & W. Terris (December 1964). “ ‘Altruistic’ Behavior in Rhesus Monkeys.” American Journal of Psychiatry 121: 584–85.

  WHAT A DIFFERENCE A BAG MAKES

  Riley, J. (March 17, 1967). “Saga of the Barefoot Bag on Campus.” Life: 72A–72B.

  Zajonc, R. B. (1968). “Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Monograph Supplement 9 (2, Part 2): 1–27.

  BEHIND THE WHEEL

  Baron, R. A. (1976). “The Reduction of Human Aggressions: A Field Study of the Influence of Incompatible Reactions.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 6 (3): 260–74.

  Deaux, K. K. (1971). “Honking at the Intersection: A Replication and Extension.” Journal of Social Psychology 84: 159–60.

  Turner, C. W., J. F. Layton, & L. S. Simons (1975). “Naturalistic Studies of Aggressive Behavior: Aggressive Stimuli, Victim Visibility, and Horn Honking.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 31 (6): 1098–1107.

  THE STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT

  Haney, C., C. Banks, & P. Zimbardo (1973). “A Study of Prisoners and Guards in a Simulated Prison.” Naval Research Reviews 30: 4–17.

  Zimbardo, P. G. (2004). “A Situationist Perspective on the Psychology of Evil: Understanding How Good People Are Transformed into Perpetrators.” In A. G. Miller, ed., The Social Psychology of
Good and Evil. New York: Guilford Press. 21–50.

  Zimbardo, P. G., C. Maslach, & C. Haney (1999). “Reflections on the Stanford Prison Experiment: Genesis, Transformations, Consequences.” In T. Blass, ed., Obedience to Authority: Current Perspectives on the Milgram Paradigm. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. 193–237.