Armies of Heaven
Page 46
German Empire(map)
German pilgrimage
Ghost riders
Gideon
Giselbert (cleric)
Glaber, Rodulfus
God
Godevere (wife of Baldwin)
Godfrey Burel
Godfrey of Bouillon (duke of Lower Lotharingia)
as adopted son of Alexius II, ,
as Advocate of the Holy Sepulcher
and Alexius II,
and Alexius II, oath to
and Antioch
and Antioch, victory at
army of
and Arqa
and Ascalon
and bear, wounding by
brutality of
and Constantinople
and Dorylaeum
and Edessa
fate of
illness of
and Jerusalem, delay in journey to
and Jerusalem, rule of
and Jerusalem, siege towers at
and Jerusalem, victory at
and Kerbogah, negotiations with
and Nicea
and Nicomedia
and nun from Trier
and Orontes River battle
and pogroms
and True Cross
vs. Raymond of Saint-Gilles
and white horse, apocalyptic rider on
Godfrey of Esch
Godfrey the Hunchback (duke of Lower Lotharingia)
Golden roses, plate 2
Golgotha (aka “place of the Skull”). See also Crucifixion of Christ
Gottschalk (priest)
army of
Gouffier of Lastours
Great Schism
Greece
Greek Fire
Greek Orthodox Christians. See also Christians
Gregory (cardinal)
Gregory VII,
Guibert of Nogent
and cannibalism
and climate
and decapitation
and holy war
and Jerusalem
and siege warfare, violence of
Gunther of Bamberg
Guz (Hungarian warlord)
Hadrian (emperor)
Hagar
Harim castle
Harold (king)
Harold (king of England)
Hastings, Battle of
Heavenly Jerusalem, plate 1
Hecelo (knight)
Helena (mother of Constantine)
Henry I (king of England)
Henry IV (king of Germany)
and Jews, conversion of
and Last Emperor
Henry of Esch
Heraclius (emperor)
Herluin
Hilary (Christian deserter)
History, and Apocalypse
Holy Fire
Holy Lance (aka Lance of Longinus)
of Antioch
and Ascalon
excavation of
and Peter Bartholomew
and Raymond of Saint-Gilles
undermining belief in
vision of
See also Relics
Holy Sepulcher
destruction of
reconstruction of
site of
See also Jerusalem
Holy war
crusade as
dangers of
moral code of
rules of
Honor
Hostage(s)
Bohemond as
at Jerusalem
Hubert (saint)
Hugh of Lyon (archbishop)
Hugh the Great and Alexius II,
and Alexius II, oath to
and Antioch, rule of
army of
and Dorylaeum
fate of
as hostage
and Saracens
Hugh the Insane
Humberge (wife of Walo of Chaumont-en-vexin)
Hungary
Husechin
Ibn al-Athir
Ida of Boulogne (mother of Godfrey)
Identity, national
Individual, discovery of the
Indulgence. See Crusade indulgence
Investiture Contest
Isaac
Isaiah (prophet)
Ishmael
Ishmaelites
Islam. See also Muslims
Isoard of Die
Italy
Jabala
Jarento (abbot of Saint-Bénigne monastery)
Jeroboam (king)
Jerome (saint)
Jerusalem
1009
1064–1065
1064—1065
1095–1096
arrival in, of crusade army
and Baldwin of Boulogne, as king of
Christian sites in
city of(map)
and Clermont sermon
delay in journey to
early rebellions in
and Egyptians
hostage taking at
journey to
massacre at
and military strategy
and procession of penance and humility
rule of
siege of, preparations for
siege towers at
supplies for
victory at
and visions
and water, scarcity of
See also Holy Sepulcher
The Jerusalem History (Fulcher of Chartres)
Jerusalem syndrome
Jews
as Chosen People
and Christian conversion
and Crucifixion of Christ
and Franks, conflating of, plate 12
and Holy Sepulcher, destruction of
violence against(see also Pogroms)
violence against, sites of(map)
Joel (prophet)
John IV (patriarch)
John (son of Alexius II)
Joseph of Arimathea
Judges, Book of
Kelts
Kerbogah
and Antioch
and Antioch, withdrawal from
at Antioch, negotiations with
army of
army of, betrayal of
and Bohemond
character of
defeat of
mother of
and Robert of Flanders
Khosrau II,
Kidron Valley, tombs of
Kilij-Arslan
death of
and Dorylaeum
and Nicea
wife of, capture of
Lake Battle
Landes, Richard
Last Days
and Islam
and Joel, prophecy of
and Peter the Hermit
See also Apocalypticism
Last Emperor
Last Judgment. See also Apocalypticism
Latakia(map)
Latin Catholic Christians. See also Christians
Leaders, of crusade
capitals of(map)
and pogroms
and popular crusade
and princes
See also individual leaders
Leadership, crisis in
Leo IX,
Lietbert (bishop of Cambrai)
The Life of Antichrist
Longinus. See Holy Lance
Lucca
Ma‘arra
cannibalism at
massacre at
miracle at
Mahomerie tower
Malregard
Mamistra
Manzikert, battle of
Marash
Marianus (Greek naval commander)
Martyrdom
Martyrs
Massacres
at Antioch
at Jerusalem See also Brutality
Mathilda of Tuscany
Mathomos
Matthew (apostle)
Maundy Thursday
Mecca
Meteors. See also Signs
Micah (prophet)
Millenarianism
Millennium, and saintly judges, plate 6
Miracles
and Raymond of Saint-Gilles–See also Visions
Mirdalin
Modern world, birth of
Monks
Morris, Colin
Moson
Mosul
Mount of Olives(map)
and hermit
Mount Zion(map)
Muhammad
Muslims
and Jews, violence against
misconceptions about
violence against
vs. Christians
See also Islam; Saracens
Nails of the Crucifixion
National identity
New Jerusalem, plate 11
Nicea
victory at
Nicetas (governor of Belgrade)
Nicholas (saint)
Nicomedia
Nish
Nitra
Nun from Trier
Nuns
Odo (castellan)
Omar of Azaz
Orderic Vitalis
Orontes River battle
aftermath of
Orphans
Osbern (abbot)
Otbert (bishop of Liège)
Paschal II,
Paul (saint)
“the Peace,”
Peace, spirit of
Peace army
Peasants’ crusade. See Popular crusade
Pelagonia, valley of
People’s crusade. See Popular crusade
Peter Bartholomew
and Adhémar, visions of
and Andrew, relics of
and army reform, visions of
and the Cross, visions of
death of
discrediting of
and Holy Lance
and Holy Lance, visions of
and Ma‘arra, visions of
and millenarianism
and poverty
and Raymond of Saint-Gilles
and Raymond of Saint-Gilles,
and Raymond of Saint-Gilles, visions of
and trial by fire
visions of
Peter Desiderius
Peter of Albara
Peter of Narbonne
Peter (saint)
Peter the Hermit
and Alexius II,
and Ascalon
and charity, distribution of
and Constantinople
and desertion, at Antioch
and Kerbogah, negotiations with
as new visionary
and Nicea
and pogroms
and True Cross
visions of
Peter the Hermit, armies of
and decapitation
destruction of
survivors from
See also Popular crusade
Peter Tudebode
Philip I,
Philip of Macedon
Philippopolis
Pirrus
“Place of the Skull.” See Golgotha
Plague
of locusts, plate 3
Pogroms
and Emicho of Flonheim
and Folkmar
leaders of
motives for
See also Jews, violence against
Pollution, fear of
Pons of Balazun
Pons Rainaud
Popular crusade (aka Peasants’ crusade; People’s crusade)
and Jews, violence against
leaders of(see also Leaders, of crusade)
and visions
See also Peter the Hermit, armies of
Poverty
Princes, armies of
leaders of
recruitment of
success of
Publicani
Qutekin al-Adudi
Raimbold Croton
Ralph of Caen
Ramla
Rawandan
Raymond IV of Toulouse. See Raymond of Saint-Gilles
Raymond of Aguilers (chaplain)
and Albara
and Antioch, victory at
and Antioch, visions at
and Arqa
and Ascalon
and cannibalism
and Godfrey as Advocate of the Holy Sepulcher
and Holy Lance
and Holy Lance, excavation of
and Jerusalem
and Jerusalem, massacre at
and Jerusalem, rule of
and Jerusalem, victory at
and Kerbogah, defeat of
and Ma‘arra
and millenarianism
and miracle
and Nicea, victory at
and Peter Bartholomew
and Peter Bartholomew, visions of
and procession of penance and humility
and Raymond of Saint-Gilles, baptism of
and Tetigus
and Tripoli
Raymond of Saint-Gilles (aka Raymond IV of Toulouse)
and Albara
and Alexius II,
and Alexius II, oath to
and Antioch
and Antioch, rule of
and Antioch, victory at
and Antioch, visions at
army of
and Arqa
and Ascalon
baptism of
brutality of
and Constantinople
and Dorylaeum
and Edessa
fate of
and Godfrey as Advocate of the Holy Sepulcher
and Holy Lance
and Holy Lance, excavation of
illness of
and Jabala
and Jerusalem
and Jerusalem, siege towers at
and Kerbogah, defeat of
and Ma‘arra
and millenarianism
and miracle
and Nicea
and Orontes River battle
and Peter Bartholomew
and Peter Bartholomew, visions of
and pogroms
and secret sin
and Tancred
and Tripoli
and Urban II,
vs. Godfrey of Bouillon
wealth of
Raymond Pilet
Relics. See also Holy Lance; True Cross
Religious buildings, defacing of
Revelation, Book of, plate 8
and Jews and Franks, conflating of
and Last Days
and millenarianism
Reynald Porchet
Richard (prince of Salerno)
Ridwan of Aleppo
and Antioch
Robert Guiscard (aka Robert the Cunning; duke of Puglia and Calabria)
Robert I (duke of Normandy)
Robert II (duke of Normandy)
army of
Robert of Flanders
and Alexius II,
and Alexius II, oath to
and Antioch
army of
and Arqa
and Ascalon
fate of
as hostage
and Jerusalem, delay in journey to
and Kerbogah
and Ma‘arra
and Peter Bartholomew, visions of
and pogroms
and Saracens
Robert of Normandy
and Alexius II, oath to
and Antioch, desertion at
and Ascalon
and Dorylaeum
fate of
and Jerusalem, siege towers at
and Latkia
and Orontes River battle
and Peter Bartholomew
Robert the Frisian (count of Flanders)
Robert the Monk
and Antioch, truce at, failure of
and Antioch, victory at
and Ascalon
and Chosen People
and decapitation
and Egypt
and Jerusalem, massacre at
Roger Borsa
Roger de Barneville
Roger of Sicily
; Romanus Diogenes (emperor)
Rome
Roncesvalles Pass, Battle of
Ropedancers
Roussa
Saint-Hubert abbey
Saint-Michel d’Aguilhe (St. Michael of the Needle)
Saint-Simeon
St. Michael of the Needle. See Saint-Michel d’Aguilhe
Salvation, and holy war
Samosata
Sanctuaries, churches as
Saracen(s)
brutality of
cruelty of
and Islam
as label
misconceptions about
origins of
See also Muslims
Sarah (wife of Abraham)
Saul (king)
Sclavonia. See Dalmatia
Seljuk Turks. See also Turks
Sensadolus
Seventh battle
Sidon
Siege warfare
in Europe
rules of
violence of
Siegfried of Mainz
Siggerius (priest)
Signs
and meteors
See also Visions; Earthquakes
The Song of Roland
Sophia
Stabelo (servant of Godfrey)
Starvation, at Antioch
Stephen I (king of Hungary)
Stephen of Beneciacum
Stephen of Blois
and Alexius II,
and Alexius II, oath to
and Antioch
army of
desertion of
and Dorylaeum
and Egypt
fate of
illness of
and Orontes River battle
wife of
Stephen of Valence
visions of
Stephen (saint)
Stipends, military
“Suicide, martyrdom, murder,”
Syria
Tafurs
Tancred
and Alexius II, oath to
and Antioch
and Ascalon
and Baldwin of Boulogne
and Bethlehem
and desertion, at Antioch
fate of
and Jabala
and Jerusalem
and Jerusalem, siege towers at
and Kerbogah
and Kerbogah, defeat of
and Mamistra
and Marash
and Raymond of Saint-Gilles
and Tarsus
and Tripoli
and white horse, apocalyptic rider on
Tarsus
Taurus Mountains
Temple of Solomon
Tetigus
and Alexius II,
and Antioch
and Bohemond
and Byzantine-Turkish alliances
and desertion, at Antioch
and Dorylaeum
and Nicea
Thierry (abbot)
Theodore (saint)
Thomas of Marle
Tinchebrai, battle of
Toros
Tortoise (armored shell model). See also Weaponry
Tournaments
Trial by combat
Trial by fire
Tripoli
Truce of God
True Cross
and Baldwin of Boulogne
See also Relics
Turcopoles.
Turkish-Byzantine alliances
Turks
and Alexius II,