by Tim Jeal
z8 DS to S 1.07.1885.
z9 DD 20.07.1885.
30 Ibid.
31 S to Bruce 18, 27 Jul, 15 Aug 18 NLS.
32 Ibid. 15 Aug 1885, 3 Sep 1886 NLS.
33 DS to S 4.o8.i885.
34 DS to S z.09.1885.
35 S to DS 6.o9.1885.
36 DS to S 2.10.1885.
37 DD 23.11.1885-
38 CD Dec 1885; Anstey 192, 196-7; Emerson 146-7.
39 S to Lii 16.oi.1886 quoted in CD.
40 Borchgrave to S 19.01.1886.
41 S to Mackinnon 29.12,1885, 14.01.1886.
4z DD 6.01.1886.
43 Ibid. 7.01.1886.
44 S to DS 8.oi.i886.
45 DS to S 9.01.1886.
46 DD io.oi.i886.
47 S to DS zz.oz.1886, DS to S 23.02.1886; S to Dear Sir 29.03.1886 RP1691 BL.
48 DD 12-13 Feb 1886.
49 S to MS 26.03.1886 RGS.
5o S to Hoffman 26.03.1886; S to DS 19.10.1885.
51 3 Apr 1886.
5z DS to S28.04.1886.
53 S to DS 2.05.1886; DD 7.01.1886.
54 DD 21.07.1886.
55 S to DS 16.08.1986.
56 S to DS 7.05.1890.
57 DD 23.01.1887.
58 S to Sanford 15.07.1885, Sanford Museum.
59 S to Sanford zo.o8.z886, Sanford Museum.
6o J. B. Pond to S plus contract 25.08.1886.
61 S to Sanford 9.09.1886 Sanford Museum.
6z CD 1z.o9.1886.
63 S to Mackinnon 23.09.1886 MP 55•
TWENTY-TWO: Why Rescue Emin Pasha?
i CD 27-07-1884-
z Times 29.10.1886.
3 Scotsman 6.11.1886.
4 During his journey of 1874-77, S had corresponded with Gordon, and a year later had asked the then Governor of Equatoria not to claim any Bugandan territory for the Egyptian Khedive's government, but instead to establish friendly relations with King Mutesa for the sake of the missionaries, who had gone out in response to S's newspaper appeal. Gordon had written promising to respect Mutesa's territory, adding: `I have sent a first rate man up there, Emin Effendi, & in every way am disposed to help the mission' (Gordon to S 15.03.1878). S did not give Emin another thought for eight years, until reading his letters in the press in late Oct 1886.
5 In fact Emin's move south, which took place in Jul, brought about the collapse of his power in northern Equatoria, and had been premature. Unknown to him, the Mahdi had died a month earlier, and his followers were already returning to their homes.
6 lain R. Smith The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition 1886-90, 1972, 28-9.
7 Smith 3z, quoting Mackay to Emin 2.06.1886.
8 Anstey Chaps 9 and 10.
9 CD z8.oi.i886.
1o Smith 43-4, quoting Memo of Wolseley z.,o.,886.
11 Scotsman 25.11.1886 and Smith 45-
1z Emin to Felkin 7 and zz Jul 1886, pub Times 9.1z.1886.
13 Smith 59; Salisbury to Hutton 26.11.1886 .
14 Baring to Iddesleigh 23.11.1886 FO 84/1770; Smith 6o; govt involvement is underlined by meetings and letters between Mackinnon and J. E Hutton with members of the govt, and later between S and Sir Percy Anderson of the Africa Department at the FO. MP has many references, and CD 5.01.1887.
15 Original telegram, received 1i.iz.1886.
16 Scotsman 28.12.1886; J. B. Pond Eccentricities of Genius, 1901, 268-9.
17 S to Bruce 7.01.1887 NLS.
18 Kirk to Mackinnon 31.08.1885 MP 93 and Kirk to Mackinnon 6.11.1886 MP 94-
19 Smith 5z-3; Kirk to Mackinnon 30.10.1886 MP 94-
20 Quoted J. S. Galbraith Mackinnon and East Africa 1878-95, 1972, 114•
2z Galbraith 117; Mackinnon to S 5.04.1889 MP.
22 Report of EPRE Committee (confidential).
23 S to Lii 27.12.1886 quoted CD.
24 CD 11.03.1886; SD 29-30 1886.
z5 SD r.or.r887; IDA i 40.
26 Gen Redvers Buller to S 27.12..1886 EPRE Committee Report; Stairs 22; small EPRE notebook.
27 SD 13.01.1887; EPRE Report H. W. Bates of RGS recommended 12.01.1887.
28 SD 14.01.1887; IDA i 43; Jephson Diary 1-5.
z9 H. M. Stanley, In Darkest Africa z vols, 189o, i 40-I (IDA); SD.o3.z887.
3o SD 110.011.11887; IDA i 4z, 8o.
31 IDA i 81-z; Bonny Diary 26.05.1887.
3z DNB William Hoffman article by Jeffrey Philip Green gives d.o.b. as 1867; `boots' rather than apprentice bag-maker RP 2435 ii Batch z BL Hoffman Court Martial by Stanley's officers. Claim that MS recommended him, and that he was hired for his knowledge of German is in W. Hoffmann With Stanley in Africa, 1938, i-z; letter from Mr Hoffman senior to S 6.01.1887.
33 IDA i 41; SD 7.01.1887; Roy Maclaren ed African Exploits: The Diaries of William Stairs 1887-1892, 1997, 23 (Stairs).
34 J. B. Lyons ed Surgeon-Major Parke's African Journey 1887-89, 1954, 11 (Parke); SD 7-03.1887-
35 SD 28.01.87.
36 IDA i 68.
37 J. S Jameson The Story of the Rear Column of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition, 1890, 4, 7 (Jameson); SD 23 Feb; IDA i 63; W. H. Whitely trans Autobiography of Tippu Tip, 1958, 123 (TTAuto) ; N. R. Bennett Arab versus European: Diplomacy & War in Nineteenth Century East Central Africa, 1986, 224-6; Tanganyika Notes and Records (TNR) No 18 Dec 1944, 13-
38 TTAuto 123; IDA i 64; TNR No 18 Dec 1944, 13•
39 Herbert Ward A Voice from the Congo, t911o, 1163.
4o Dorothy Middleton ed The Diaries of A. J. Mounteney Jephson, 1969, 74 25 Feb (Jephson); IDA i 72-3.
41 IDA i 37.
42 IDAi93.
43 Herbert Ward Five Years with the Congo Cannibals, 1891, 33-
44 Jephson 390-
45 Barttelot, W. G. The Life of Edmond Musgrave Barttelot, 1890, 6o (Bartt).
46 IDA i 84.
47 Jameson 18.
48 SD 5.04.1887.
49 SD 20.04.11887; Parke 34; SLD 14 Apr, z5 Jun118 87; William Bonny's Diary 22-04-1887-
5o Jameson 31, 33-
5 1 Lot 1192/11 Purple Album, Christie's Africa Sale Sep zooz.
5 z A. B. Swinburne to Sanford 17.11. Sanford Museum.
53 SD 20-03.1887-
54 Borchgrave to S 7-01.1887-
55 SD 20.03.11887; Swinburne to Sanford 29.09.11887 Sanford Museum; SD 11.05.11887.
56 SD zo Mar, i Apr 1887-
57 SD 118-119 Jan 1887-
TWENTY-THREE: A Fateful Decision
i Bentley to S 5.04.11887; S to Bentley 5,118, z11 Apr 1887 Regents Park Coll; IDA i 92.
z jephson 96; IDA i 99.
3 SD 1111.05.11887.
4 Bartt 90-1 5.o5.1887-
5 Ibid. 118.
6 SD zo.o5.11887.
7 Parke 4z, zo; also Jameson zo.o5.1887.
8 Bonny zo Mar, 2 Apr 11887.
9 Ibid. z6 May, z9 Nov, 1o Dec 1887.
io SD 20.05.1887, 29.07.1890.
1111 Small EPRE notebook.
1z Nelson to his father 15.06.1887, Russell Train Coll; Stairs to Bartt iz.o6.i888, copied by Stanley.
13 SD zo.o5.11887.
14 Parke 41; Bartt 93; SD zo.o5.1887.
115 Quoted Roger Jones The Rescue of Emin Pasha, 1972, 117-
16 Jameson 59.
117 Ibid. 65.
18 Parke 44-5-
119 Bonny 27.03.11888.
zo jephson iio.
211 SD 22.06.11887.
zz S Instructions to Bartt, printed Bartt 134 date 24 Jun 1887.
23 Jameson 75.
24 Bartt 11117; IDA i 11311.
z5 Bartt 11z, 116-17-
26 Rose Troup With Stanley's Rearguard, 1189o, 114-16.
27 IDA i 134; T. H. Parke in My Personal Experiences in Equatorial Africa, 1891, 7z, records no such words spoken by Bartt and affirms he had intended coming after them.
z8 SD 27.06.11887.
z9 SD 28.06.1887.
TWENTY-FOUR: The Enigma of Emin Pasha
11 IDA i 136.
z Jephson 386.
3
Parke 51.
4 IDA i 1137-8; Jephson 11113.
5 Jephson 113,118-19.
6 Ibid. 11211.
7 Newman 246; IDA i 163.
8 IDA i 152, 1162,, 11711.
9 Jephson 13.
io Parke 54-6.
it IDA i 18z-4.
112 SD 29.08.11887.
13 SD 12.09.1887.
114 Parke 56.
15 SD 21.08.1887.
116 SD 114.09.11887.
17 Stairs 113-14; Parke 63.
118 IDA i 198 ff; Parke 59.
19 Bartt 179 ff.
20 IDAi1198.
zi IDA i zoz-4; SD zi-zz Sept 11887; Parke 6z; Jephson 1145•
22 SD 3, 6 Oct 1887; IDA i zzo.
23 jephson 1159; Parke 65; Parke My Personal Experiences 1129-30.
24 SD 15.10.1887.
25 S to Nelson 24.110.11887 RP 86o BL; IDA i 2115.
26 Jephson 166-7.
27 IDA i 224-6.
z8 RP 86o as n z5; SD 21.10.1887.
29 Parke 73.
30 Smith 13z; Newman 253.
311 S to Nelson 117.1111.11887 Russell Train Coll. 31
32 IDA i z3o.
33 SD 19-23 Nov 1887.
34 IDA i255- 255•
35 Stairs 134.
36 S to Grant 8.09.11888 NLS.
37 Jephson 201-4, 207 .
38 Stairs 146.
39 IDA i 307. 39
4o IDAi3110,3113.
311. 41 IDA i311-
42 jephson 2113.
43 IDA i 314-15.
44 Jephson 2114.
45 Ibid. z15-
46 IDAi3io.
47 IDA i 3z8ff.
48 Letter quoted in Bartt 184-92-
49 Hoffman 62-3-
5o Parke 85-7-
51 Jephson 232; S to Nelson 31.03.1888 Russell Train Coll; Stairs 169.
5z IDA i 357-
53 Hoffman 65 cited Smith 139.
54 Jephson 251.
5 5 Hoffman 66.
56 IDA i 374-
57 Emin Diary 29.04.1888 (Franz Stuhlmann ed Die Tagebiicher von Dr Emin Pascba 5 vols, 1917-27, esp vol iv; SD 29.04.1888.
58 G. Schweitzer Emin Pasha: His Life and Work, z vols, 1898, i 270-1-
59 G. Casati Ten Years in Equatoria and the Return with Emin Pasha, 1892, ii p 159, cited Jones zzz.
6o IDA i 240-
61 Emin Diary z.o5.1888. This point is very well made by Smith 155•
6z IDA i 376 ff.
63 SD 30.04.1888.
64 SD 1.05.1888.
65 S to Mackinnon 3.09.1888 MP 55; IDA i 380-I.
66 Schweitzer i pp 272-3 quoting Emin's diary i May.
67 S to Mackinnon 3.09.1888 MP 55•
68 Schweitzer i 276; Emin Diary 3.05.1888.
69 Emin Diary 6.05.1888.
7o Hoffman 72-3,81-
71 S to Euan Smith 19.12.1889 Africa 4, 18go, C59o6 p 9.
TWENTY-FIVE: TWENTY-FIVE: `Evil Hangs over this Forest...'
i IDA i 489; Smith 196; Jones 254•
z Smith 199. Stanley knew that Bonny had brought 130 Zanzibaris from Bolobo to Yambuya, where they had joined 131 men already there, most of 17. whom had been Zanzibaris. Bartt 148, 117-
3 IDA i 476-7, 493-4; IDA ii 2.
4 IDA i 493,
5 Bonny 14.08.1888.
6 Smith zoz.
7IDAip483.
8 IDA i 439•
9 SD 24.08.1888.
ro Bonny 14.10.1888.
11 SD18 Aug 88.
Iz Bonny 18.o8.i888.
13 Ibid. 10.oz.1889.
14 Ibid. 26.08.1888.
15 Troup 145-
16 Bonny 3.1o.1888.
17 Ibid. 23.o8.1888; Jameson
18 Bartt zz9.
Jameson 165, 204, 207.
zo SD Oct 189o.
z1 Bonny 23.08.1888; Us speech or preface by S concerning the Rear Column 12, 10; Bonny 21.04.1888.
zz SD Oct 18go; Bartt 123-
23 SD Oct 1890.
24 S to Mackinnon 3.og.1888.
z5 Standard 19.o9.1888.
26 Report of the Committee to the Subscribers of the Emin Pasha Relief Fund 68-97, 103,109, 123, etc.
27 Mrs Ethel Jameson's transcription of husband's and Barttelot's papers p 86, Russell Train Coll.
28 Bonny 7-27 Mar 1888.
z9 Ibid. z Apr, 23 May 1888.
3o At end of Jan-Jun notebook 1889.
31 Ward My Life with Stanley's Rear-Guard, 189o, i6z.
32 Stairs to Bartt 1z.o6.1888, copied in Stanley's hand into his diary; SD 28.09.1888.
33 SD z8.og.1888. Notes made the following year but n.d.
34 Parke 19.07.1888, 99, 107-8, 113-14-
35 Bonny zg.og.1888.
36 Stairs 185.
37 Fred Puleston African Drums, 1930, 241.
38 Smith zoo; IDA ii 12-15.
39 IDA i 126.
4o Note under heading `officers' BL RP 2435 i Box 6.
41 SD 8.01.1889 commenting on Jameson's entry for 17.08.1887; SD Oct 189o; IDA 1489, 495-
42 IDA i 498; Bonny 15.09.1888; IDA ii 16.
43 Bonny 4, 14 Sep, 8 Dec 1888.
44 IDA ii 48-9.
45 Bonny 6, 8, 11 Dec 1888.
46 IDA ii 59-63.
47 Bonny 15.12.1888.
48 Parke 118.
49 Hoffman loo.
5o Quoted from Parke My Personal Experiences McLynn ii 259.
TWENTY-six: Keeping Emin Pasha's Secret
i S to Jephson 17.01.1889; IDA ii 114.
z IDA ii 109.
3 IDA ii 111-14-
4 IDA ii 112.6.
5 Emin Diary I.Iz.1888 iv 192, cited Smith 242-
6 Smith 254.
7 S to Emin 17.01.1889; IDA ii 118-i9.
8 S to Jephson 118.011.11889; IDA ii 11117-118.
9 Emin Diary 14.01.1889 iv zoz; Smith 241.
io jephson Report for S 7.02.11889, IDA zz6-7.
ii IDA ii 133-
12. Emin to S 113.02.11889; IDA ii 1135-
13 IDA ii 137, 144-
114 Jephson 350-
115 SD 6 May, 6 Mar 1889.
116 IDA ii 11611-z.
17 IDA ii i8off; Smith z55; Jephson 341-3; SD 5.04.1889.
i8 jephson 342, 354•
19 IDA ii 187, 192; Africa 4, 18go, Report to Euan Smith gives the local native contingent as 40o rather than 55o as in IDA.
20 Jephson 346-7.
z1 Ibid. 347-9; Parke 147; Report to EPRE Comm: Proceedings of a Court of Enquiry 2.05.1889; Parke 16o.
2.z Jephson 332; SD 24.07.11890.
z3 Jephson 352 .
z4 Bennett 475.
2.5 IDA ii 2.33, 238-9.
z6 IDA ii 257, 247-
z7 He also investigated a stretch of water to the north-east, and found that it was the small lake (Lake George), which he had discovered in January 1876, when trying to reach Lake Albert.
z8 When S had met DL, the older man had told him that there might be substance in Ptolemy's claim, made in the second century AD, that the western branch of the Nile was fed by the Mountains of the Moon, and this, astonishingly, S had now proved to be true - though nowhere near the position that DL had imagined these mountains to occupy (HIFL 455ff).
29 jephson 382; IDA ii 349.
• 30 IDA ii 337-411
31 Pakenham 314.
32 SD 13-15 Jun 11889; S to Mackinnon 311.08.11889 MP 55-
33 S to Bruce 15.Io.1889 NLS.
34 S to Revd Addison Allen 119.02 -11903-
3 5 Parke 164; Jephson 397.
36 Ibid. 399•
37 S to Mackinnon 311.08.11889 MP55; Pakenham 345-6.
38 SD 31.o8.1889.
39 Vol i Schweitzer xli-xliii.
4o S to Mackinnon 118.08.11889 MP 55•
41 Mackay to S 29.09.1889; Jephson 39.
42 Mackay to S 5.01.1890.
43 IDA ii 393-
44 S to C. B. Euan Smith 28.12.1889, being S's report on EPRE Africa 4, 1890, 14-16; SD 12.09.1889; S to Mackinn
on z8, z9 Dec 1889 MP 55•
45 Jephson 402-4-
46 IDA ii 403.
47 jephson 407-9-
48 Emin Diary 10.11.1889 iv 417-
49 Ibid. 18 Nov 89.
5o Thomas Stevens Scouting for Stanley in EastAfrica,189o, 235-68.
5z Appointment size diary 1894 but filled with notes on EPRE.
5z S to Mackinnon 25.03.189o MP 55.
53 Hoffman's letters to S n.d. but May 1890, 17 Feb, 14 May, 7, 8 Oct 1891; Hoffman's father to S 1.03.1890.
54 IDAii411.
55 IDA ii 416-17; Parke 167-
56 Mss of IDA ii 515-23-
57 Notes on Emin Pasha n.d. but 1890.
58 Parke 169.
59 Mss IDA ii 5zo-1 ; Stairs 298 n.
6o Schweitzer ii 92-4•
61 Ibid. 12,-17-
6z Stairs to S 9.5.1890.
63 S to Mackinnon 31.08.1889, 19.01.1890 MP 55; Mss IDA ii 5zz; S to Mackinnon 15.03.1890 MP 55-
64 Schweitzer ii 23; Jones 392-4; Pakenham 444-
65 Auto 411-12-
66 Smith ziz.
67 SD en route to Aden, quoted Newman 298.
68 jephson 383.
69 Schweitzer i 309; J. S. Galbraith Mackinnon and East Africa 1878-1895, 1972; Roger Anstey Britain and the Congo in the 19th Century, 1962, 215, 223.
7o Hird 271, and footnote; IDA ii 4z6, 461.
71 Jephson 207.
7z The expedition started out by ship from Zanzibar on 24.02.1887 with 708 expedition members, 623 of whom were Wangwana. When S left Mackay's mission, his own original followers had dwindled to 215, a figure that, according to Jephson, would fall to 210 by the time they reached Bagamoyo. S's claim in his report to Colonel Euan Smith to have returned 225 Wangwana must be an exaggeration since his diary - always more accurate than other sources - contains the figure of 215 for his entire following on 12 Sep, the day he left Mackay's. (There were 233 expedition members present at Fort Bodo on 22.12.1888, and in his book he would give a figure of 230 for 10.04.1889.) All of which makes it look very likely that Jephson's figure of zio, for all S's men who made it back to Zanzibar alive is very nearly correct. To this figure should be added two Europeans and seven Sudanese who had returned home via the Congo, bringing the total to 219 survivors.
73 S to Mackinnon 3.o9.1888 MP 55; S to Mackinnon 15.03.1890 MP 55•
74 Ter Inventory no 4805, list dated 7.11.1889.
75 A list in Jephson's hand inserted in SD gives a larger number of 311 on 4 Dec at Bagamoyo.
76 IDA 11431.
77 S to Strauch 27-01.1884-
78 Africa 4 S to Euan Smith as note 44 above.
TWENTY-SEVEN: The Shape of Things to Come...
i SD 511; McLynn ii 315; Parke 107-
z S to MS 6 Feb, ii Mar 189o RGS.
3 S to Wellcome z9.o7.z89z, Wellcome Medical Library.
4 Mackinnon to S 5.04.1889; Auto 446.
5 S to Mackinnon z9.oz.z89o MP 55-