Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [3] Among these, as is likely to happen when a city sends out a colony, there were great numbers of the common people, but there were also a sufficient number of the prominent men of the best class, and of the Trojan element all those who were esteemed the noblest in birth, some of whose posterity remained even to my day, consisting of about fifty families. The youths were supplied with money, arms and corn, with slaves and beasts of burden and everything else that was of use in the building of a city.

  [4] ὡς δὲ ἀνέστησαν ἐκ τῆς Ἄλβας οἱ νεανίσκοι τὸν λεὼν μίξαντες αὐτῷ τὸν αὐτόθεν, ὅσος ἦν ἐν τῷ Παλλαντίῳ καὶ περὶ τὴν Σατορνίαν ὑπολιπής, μερίζονται τὸ πλῆθος ἅπαν διχῇ. τοῦτο δὲ αὐτοῖς δόξαν παρέσχε φιλοτιμίας, ἵνα θᾶττον ἀνύηται τῇ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἁμίλλῃ τὰ ἔργα,

  [4] After they had led their people out of Alba and intermingled with them the local population that still remained in Pallantium and Saturnia, they divided the whole multitude into two parts. This they did in the hope of arousing a spirit of emulation, so that through their rivalry with each other their tasks might be the sooner finished; however, it produced the greatest of evils, discord.

  [5] αἴτιον δὲ τοῦ μεγίστου κακοῦ, στάσεως, ἐγένετο. οἵ τε γὰρ προσνεμηθέντες αὐτοῖς τὸν ἑαυτῶν ἡγεμόνα ἕκαστοι κυδαίνοντες ὡς ἐπιτήδειον ἁπάντων ἄρχειν ἐπῆρον, αὐτοί τε οὐκέτι μίαν γνώμην ἔχοντες οὐδὲ ἀδελφὰ διανοεῖσθαι ἀξιοῦντες, ὡς αὐτὸς ἄρξων ἑκάτερος θατέρου, παρώσαντες τὸ ἴσον τοῦ πλείονος ὠρέγοντο. τέως μὲν οὖν ἀφανῆ τὰ πλεονεκτήματα αὐτῶν ἦν, ἔπειτα δὲ ἐξερράγη σὺν τοιᾷδε προφάσει.

  [5] For each group, exalting its own leader, extolled him as the proper person to command them all; and the youths themselves, being now no longer one in mind or feeling it necessary to entertain brotherly sentiments toward each, since each expected to command the other, scorned equality and craved superiority. For some time their ambitions were concealed, but later they burst forth on the occasion which I shall now describe.

  [6] τὸ χωρίον ἔνθα ἔμελλον ἱδρύσειν τὴν πόλιν οὐ τὸ αὐτὸ ᾑρεῖτο ἑκάτερος. Ῥωμύλου μὲν γὰρ ἦν γνώμη τὸ Παλλάντιον οἰκίζειν τῶν τε ἄλλων ἕνεκα καὶ τῆς τύχης τοῦ τόπου, ἣ τὸ σωθῆναί τε αὐτοῖς καὶ τραφῆναι παρέσχε: Ῥώμῳ δὲ ἐδόκει τὴν καλουμένην νῦν ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνου Ῥεμορίαν οἰκίζειν. ἔστι δὲ τὸ χωρίον ἐπιτήδειον ὑποδέξασθαι πόλιν λόφος οὐ πρόσω τοῦ Τεβέριος κείμενος, ἀπέχων τῆς Ῥώμης ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριάκοντα σταδίους. ἐκ δὲ τῆς φιλονεικίας ταύτης ἀκοινώνητος εὐθὺς ὑπεδηλοῦτο φιλαρχία. τῷ γὰρ εἴξαντι τὸ κρατῆσαν εἰς πάντα ὁμοίως ἐπιθήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν. [p. 145]

  [6] They did not both favour the same site for the building of the city; for Romulus proposed to settle the Palatine hill, among other reasons, because of the good fortune of the place where they had been preserved and brought up, whereas Remus favoured the place that is now named after him Remoria. And indeed this place is very suitable for a city, being a hill not far from the Tiber and about thirty stades from Rome. From this rivalry their unsociable love of rule immediately began to disclose itself; for on the one who now yielded the victor would inevitably impose his will on all occasions alike.

  [1] χρόνου δέ τινος ἐν τούτῳ διαγενομένου, ἐπειδὴ οὐδὲν ἐμειοῦτο τὸ τῆς στάσεως, δόξαν ἀμφοῖν τῷ μητροπάτορι ἐπιτέψαι παρῆσαν εἰς τὴν Ἄλβαν. ὁ δὲ αὐτοῖς ταῦτα ὑποτίθεται: θεοὺς ποιήσασθαι δικαστάς, ὁποτέρου χρὴ τὴν ἀποικίαν λέγεσθαι καὶ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν εἶναι. ταξάμενος δὲ αὐτοῖς ἡμέραν ἐκέλευσεν ἐξ ἑωθινοῦ καθέζεσθαι χωρὶς ἀλλήλων, ἐν αἷς ἑκάτεροι ἀξιοῦσιν ἕδραις: προθύσαντας δὲ τοῖς θεοῖς ἱερὰ τὰ νομιζόμενα φυλάττειν οἰωνοὺς αἰσίους: ὁποτέρῳ δ᾽ ἂν οἱ ὄρνιθες προτέρῳ κρείττους γένωνται,

  [86.1] Meanwhile, some time having elapsed and their discord in no degree abating, the two agreed to refer the matter to their grandfather and for that purpose went to Alba. He advised them to leave it to the decision of the gods which of them should give his name to the colony and be its leader. And having appointed for them a day, he ordered them to place themselves early in the morning at a distance from one another, in such stations as each of them should think proper, and after first offering to the gods the customary sacrifices, to watch for auspicious birds; and he ordered that he to whom the more favourable birds first appeared should rule the colony.

  [2] τοῦτον ἄρχειν τῆς ἀποικίας. ἀπῄεσαν οἱ νεανίσκοι ταῦτ᾽ ἐπαινέσαντες καὶ κατὰ τὰ συγκείμενα παρῆσαν ἐν τῇ κυρίᾳ τῆς πράξεως ἡμέρᾳ. ἦν δὲ Ῥωμύλῳ μὲν οἰωνιστήριον, ἔνθα ἠξίου τὴν ἀποικίαν ἱδρῦσαι, τὸ Παλλάντιον, Ῥώμῳ δ᾽ ὁ προσεχὴς ἐκείνῳ λόφος Αὐεντῖνος καλούμενος, ὡς δέ τινες ἱστοροῦσιν ἡ Ῥεμορία: φυλακή τε ἀμφοῖν παρῆν οὐκ ἐπιτρέψουσα ὅ τι μὴ φανείη λέξειν.

  [2] The youths, approving of this, went away and according to their agreement appeared on the day appointed for the test. Romulus chose for his station the Palatine hill, where he proposed settling the colony, and Remus the Aventine hill adjoining it, or, according to others, Remoria; and a guard attended them both, to prevent their reporting things otherwise than as they appeared.

  [3] ὡς δὲ τὰς προσηκούσας ἕδρας ἔλαβον ὀλίγον ἐπισχὼν χρόνον ὁ Ῥωμύλος ὑπὸ σπουδῆς τε καὶ τοῦ πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν φθόνου, ὡς δὲ καὶ ὁ φθόνος ἴσως δὲ καὶ ὁ θεὸς οὕτως ἐνῆγε, πρὶν ἢ καὶ ὁτιοῦν σημεῖον θεάσασθαι πέμψας ὡς τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἥκειν ἠξίου διαταχέων, ὡς πρότερος ἰδὼν οἰωνοὺς αἰσίους. ἐν ᾧ δὲ οἱ πεμφθέντες ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ δι᾽ αἰσχύνης ἔχοντες τὴν ἀπάτην οὐ σπουδῇ ἐχώρουν, τῷ Ῥώμῳ γῦπες [p. 146] ἐπισημαίνουσιν ἓξ ἀπὸ τῶν δεξιῶν πετόμενοι. καὶ ο μὲν ἰδὼν τοὺς ὄρνιθας περιχαρὴς ἐγένετο, μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺ δὲ οἱ παρὰ τοῦ Ῥωμύλου πεμφθέντες ἀναστήσαντες αὐτὸν ἄγουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ Παλλάντιον.

  [3] When they had taken their respective stations, Romulus, after a short pause, from eagerness and jealousy of his brother, — though possibly Heaven was thus directing him, — even before he saw any omen at all, sent messengers to his brother desiring him to come immediately, as if he had been the first to see some auspicious birds. But while the persons he sent were proceeding with no great haste, feeling ashamed of the fraud, six vultures appeared to Remus, flying from the right; and he, seeing the birds, rejoiced greatly. And not long afterwards the men sent by Romulus took him
thence and brought him to the Palatine hill.

  [4] ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ ἐγένοντο ἤρετο μὲν τὸν Ῥωμύλον ὁ Ῥῶμος, οὕς2τινας οἰωνοὺς ἴδοι πρότερος, ὁ δὲ ἐν ἀπόρῳ γίνεται ὅ τι ἀποκρίναιτο. ἐν δὲ τούτῳ δώδεκα γῦπες αἴσιοι πετόμενοι ὤφθησαν, οὺς ἰδὼν θαρρεῖ τε καὶ τῷ Ῥώμῳ δείξας λέγει, Τί γὰρ ἀξιοῖς τὰ πάλαι γενόμενα μαθεῖν; τούς2δε γὰρ δή που τοὺς οἰωνοὺς αὐτὸς ὁρᾷς. ὁ δὲ ἀγανακτεῖ τε καὶ δεινὰ ποιεῖται, ὡς διηρτημένος ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ, τῆς τε ἀποικίας οὐ μεθήσεσθαι αὐτῷ φησιν.

  [4] When they were together, Remus asked Romulus what birds he had been the first to see, and Romulus knew not what to answer. But thereupon twelve auspicious vultures were seen flying; and upon seeing these he took courage, and pointing them out to Remus, said: “Why do you demand to know what happened a long time ago? For surely you see these birds yourself.” But Remus was indignant and complained bitterly because he had been deceived by him; and he refused to yield to him his right to the colony.

  [1] ἀνίσταται δὴ ἐκ τούτου μείζων τῆς προτέρας ἔρις ἑκατέρου τὸ πλέον ἔχειν ἀφανῶς δικαιουμένου, τὸ δὲ μὴ μεῖον ἀναφανδὸν ἀπὸ δικαιώσεως τοιᾶς2δε ἐπισυνάπτοντος. εἰρημένον γὰρ ἦν αὐτοῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ μητροπάτορος, ὅτῳ ἂν προτέρῳ κρείττους ὄρνιθες ἐπισημήνωσι, τοῦτον ἄρχειν τῆς ἀποικίας. γένους δὲ ὀρνίθων ἑνὸς ἀμφοῖν ὀφθέντος ὁ μὲν τῷ πρότερος, ὁ δὲ τῷ πλείους ἰδεῖν ἐκρατύνετο. συνελάμβανε δὲ αὐτοῖς τῆς φιλονεικίας καὶ τὸ ἄλλο πλῆθος ἦρξέ τε πολέμου δίχα τῶν ἡγεμόνων ὁπλισθέν, καὶ γίνεται μάχη καρτερὰ καὶ φόνος ἐξ ἀμφοῖν πολύς.

  [87.1] Thereupon greater strife arose between them than before, as each, while secretly striving for the advantage, was ostensibly willing to accept equality, for the following reason. Their grandfather, as I have stated, had ordered that he to whom the more favourable birds first appeared should rule the colony; but, as the same kind of birds had been seen by both, one had the advantage of seeing them first and the other that of seeing the greater number. The rest of the people also espoused their quarrel, and arming themselves without orders from their leaders, began war; and a sharp battle ensued in which many were slain on both sides.

  [2] ἐν ταύτῃ [p. 147] φασί τινες τῇ μάχη τὸν Φαιστύλον, ὃς ἐξεθρέψατο τοὺς νεανίσκους, διαλῦσαι τὴν ἔριν τῶν ἀδελφῶν βουλόμενον, ὡς οὐδὲν οἷός τ᾽ ἦν ἀνύσαι, εἰς μέσους ὤσασθαι τοὺς μαχομένους ἄνοπλον θανάτου τοῦ ταχίστου τυχεῖν προθυμούμενον, ὅπερ καὶ ἐγένετο. τινὲς δὲ καὶ τὸν λέοντα τὸν λίθινον, ὃς ἔκειτο τῆς ἀγορᾶς τῆς τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐν τῷ κρατίστῳ χωρίῳ παρὰ τοῖς ἐμβόλοις, ἐπὶ τῷ σώματι τοῦ Φαιστύλου τεθῆναί φασιν, ἔνθα ἔπεσεν ὑπὸ τῶν εὑρόντων ταφέντος.

  [2] In the course of this battle, as some say, Faustulus, who had brought up the youths, wishing to put an end to the strife of the brothers and being unable to do so, threw himself unarmed into the midst of the combatants, seeking the speediest death, which fell out accordingly. Some say also that the stone lion which stood in the principal part of the Forum near the rostra was placed over the body of Faustulus, who was buried by those who found him in the place where he fell.

  [3] ἀποθανόντος δ᾽ ἐν τῇ μάχῃ Ῥώμου νίκην οἰκτίστην ὁ Ῥωμύλος ἀπό τε τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ καὶ πολιτικῆς ἀλληλοκτονίας ἀνελόμενος τὸν μὲν Ῥῶμον ἐν τῇ Ῥεμορίᾳ θάπτει, ἐπειδὴ καὶ ζῶν τοῦ χωρίου τῆς κτίσεως περιείχετο, αὐτὸς δὲ ὑπὸ λύπης τε καὶ μετανοίας τῶν πεπραγμένων παρεὶς ἑαυτὸν εἰς ἀπόγνωσιν τοῦ βίου τρέπεται. τῆς δὲ Λαυρεντίας, ἣ νεογνοὺς παραλαβοῦσα ἐξεθρέψατο καὶ μητρὸς οὐχ ἧττον ἠσπάζετο, δεομένης καὶ παρηγορούσης, ταύτῃ πειθόμενος ἀνίσταται: συναγαγὼν δὲ τοὺς Λατίνους, ὅσοι μὴ κατὰ τὴν μάχην διεφθάρησαν, ὀλίγῳ πλείους ὄντας τρισχιλίων ἐκ πάνυ πολλοῦ κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς γενομένου πλήθους, ὅτε τὴν ἀποικίαν ἔστελλε,

  [3] Remus having been slain in this action, Romulus, who had gained a most melancholy victory through the death of his brother and the mutual slaughter of citizens, buried Remus at Remoria, since when alive he had clung to it as the site for the new city. As for himself, in his grief and repentance for what had happened, he became dejected and lost all desire for life. But when Laurentia, who had received the babes when newly born and brought them up and loved them no less than a mother, entreated and comforted him, he listened to her and rose up, and gathering together the Latins who had not been slain in the battle (they were now little more than three thousand out of a very great multitude at first, when he led out the colony), he built a city on the Palatine hill.

  [4] πολίζει τὸ Παλλάντιον. ὁ μὲν οὖν πιθανώτατος τῶν λόγων περὶ τῆς Ῥώμου τελευτῆς οὗτος εἶναί μοι δοκεῖ. λεγέσθω δ᾽ ὅμως καὶ εἴ τις ἑτέρως ἔχων παραδέδοται. φασὶ δή τινες συγχωρήσαντ᾽ αὐτὸν τῷ Ῥωμύλῳ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν, ἀχθόμενον δὲ καὶ δι᾽ ὀργῆς ἔχοντα [p. 148] τὴν ἀπάτην, ἐπειδὴ κατεσκευάσθη τὸ τεῖχος φλαῦρον ἀποδεῖξαι τὸ ἔρυμα βουλόμενον, Ἀλλὰ τοῦτό γ᾽, εἰπεῖν, οὐ χαλεπῶς ἄν τις ὑμῖν ὑπερβαίη πολέμιος, ὥσπερ ἐγώ: καὶ αὐτίκα ὑπεραλέσθαι: Κελέριον δέ τινα τῶν ἐπιβεβηκότων τοῦ τείχους, ὃς ἦν ἐπιστάτης τῶν ἔργων, Ἀλλὰ τοῦτόν γε τὸν πολέμιον οὐ χαλεπῶς ἄν τις ἡμῶν ἀμύναιτο, εἰπόντα, πλῆξαι τῷ σκαφείῳ κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς καὶ αὐτίκα ἀποκτεῖναι: τὸ μὲν δὴ τέλος τῆς στάσεως τῶν ἀδελφῶν τοιοῦτο λέγεται γενέσθαι.

  [4] The account I have given seems to me the most probable of the stories about the death of Remus. However, if any has been handed down that differs from this, let that also be related. Some, indeed, say that Remus yielded the leadership to Romulus, though not without resentment and anger at the fraud, but that after the wall was built, wishing to demonstrate the weakness of the fortification, he cried, “Well, as for this wall, one of your enemies could as easily cross it as I do,” and immediately leaped over it. Thereupon Celer, one of the men standing on the wall, who was overseer of the work, said, “Well, as for this enemy, one of us could easily punish him,” and striking him on the head with a mattock, he killed him then and there. Such is said to have been the outcome of the quarrel between the brothers.

  [1] ἐπεὶ δὲ οὐδὲν ἔτι ἦν ἐμποδῶν τῷ κτίσματι προειπὼν ὁ Ῥωμύλος ἡμέραν, ἐν ᾗ τοὺς θεοὺς ἀρεσάμενος ἔ�
�ελλε τὴν ἀρχὴν τῶν ἔργων ποιήσασθαι, παρασκευασάμενός τε ὅσα εἰς θυσίας καὶ ὑποδοχὰς τοῦ λεὼ χρησίμως ἕξειν ἔμελλεν, ὡς ἧκεν ὁ συγκείμενος χρόνος αὐτός τε προθύσας τοῖς θεοῖς καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους κελεύσας κατὰ δύναμιν τὸ αὐτὸ δρᾶν ὄρνιθας μὲν πρῶτον αἰσίους λαμβάνει: μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο πυρκαϊὰς πρὸ τῶν σκηνῶν γενέσθαι κελεύσας ἐξάγει τὸν λεὼν τὰς φλόγας ὑπερθρώσκοντα τῆς ὁσιώσεως τῶν μιασμάτων ἕνεκα. ἐπεὶ δὲ πᾶν, ὅσον ἦν ἐκ λογισμοῦ

  [88.1] When no obstacle now remained to the building of the city, Romulus appointed a day on which he planned to begin the work, after first propitiating the gods. And having prepared everything that would be required for the sacrifices and for the entertainment of the people, when the appointed time came, he himself first offered sacrifice to the gods and ordered all the rest to do the same according to their abilities. He then in the first place took the omens, which were favourable. After that, having commanded fires to be lighted before the tents, he caused the people to come out and leap over the flames in order to expiate their guilt.