Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [3] ὁ δὲ ὑπολαβών, Ἀλλ᾽ εὐσεβὲς μέν, ἔφη, πρᾶγμα ποιεῖτε, ὦ παῖδες, τῷ πατρὶ ζῶντες καὶ οὐδὲν ἄνευ τῆς ἐμῆς γνώμης διαπραττόμενοι, καιρὸς δὲ καὶ ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς ἤδη περὶ ὑμῶν τά γε τηλικαῦτα φαίνεσθαι φρονοῦντας. ὑπολαβόντες οὖν τὸν ἐμὸν βίον ἤδη τέλος ἔχειν φανερὸν ποιήσατέ μοι, τί δή ποτ᾽ ἂν αὐτοὶ προείλεσθε πράττειν ἄνευ τοῦ πατρὸς περὶ τῶν ἰδίων βουλευσάμενοι.

  [3] And he answered and said: “But indeed this is dutiful conduct on your part, my sons, when you live for your father and do nothing without my advice. But it is time for you to show that you yourselves now have discretion in such matters at least. Assume, therefore, that my life is now over, and let me know what you yourselves would have chosen to do if you had deliberated without your father upon your own affairs.”

  [4] ἀποκρίνεται πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ πρεσβύτατος τοιάδε: ἐδεξάμεθ᾽ ἄν, ὦ πάτερ, τὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡγεμονίας ἀγῶνα καὶ πάσχειν ὑπεμείναμεν ὅ τι ἂν δοκῇ τῷ δαιμονίῳ: τεθνάναι γὰρ ἂν βουλοίμεθα μᾶλλον ἢ ζῆν ἀνάξιοι γενόμενοι σοῦ τε καὶ τῶν προγόνων. τὸ δὲ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνεψιοὺς συγγενὲς οὐχ ἡμεῖς πρότεροι λύσομεν, ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ὑπὸ τῆς τύχης διαλέλυται στέρξομεν.

  [4] And the eldest answered him thus: “Father, we would have accepted this combat for the supremacy and would have been ready to suffer whatever should be the will of Heaven; for we had rather be dead than to live unworthy both of you and of our ancestors. As for the bond of kinship with our cousins, we shall not be the first to break it, but since it has already been broken by fate, we shall acquiesce therein.

  [5] εἰ γὰρ Κορατίοις ἔλαττον κρίνεται τοῦ καλοῦ τὸ συγγενές, οὐδὲ Ὁρατίοις τιμιώτερον φανήσεται τὸ γένος τῆς ἀρετῆς. ὁ δὲ πατὴρ ὡς ἔμαθε τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν περιχαρὴς γενόμενος καὶ τὰς χεῖρας ἀνασχὼν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν πολλὰς ἔφη χάριτας εἰδέναι τοῖς [p. 302] θεοῖς, ὅτι παῖδας ἔδωκαν αὐτῷ γενέσθαι καλοὺς καὶ ἀγαθούς: ἔπειτα περιλαβὼν ἕκαστον αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς ἡδίστας ἀποδοὺς ἀσπασμῶν τε καὶ φιλημάτων φιλοφροσύνας, Ἔχετ᾽, ἔφη, καὶ τὴν ἐμὴν γνώμην, ὦ παῖδες ἀγαθοί, καὶ πορευθέντες ἀποκρίνασθε Τύλλῳ

  [5] For if the Curiatii esteem kinship less than honour, the Horatii also will not value the ties of blood more highly than valour.” Their father, upon learning their disposition, rejoiced exceedingly, and lifting his hands to Heaven, said he rendered thanks to the gods for having given him noble sons. Then, throwing his arms about each in turn and giving the tenderest of embraces and kisses, he said: “You have my opinion also, my brave sons. Go, then, to Tullius and give him the answer that is both dutiful and honourable.”

  [6] τήν τ᾽ εὐσεβῆ καὶ καλὴν ἀπόκρισιν. οἱ μὲν δὴ χαίροντες ἐπὶ τῇ παρακελεύσει τοῦ πατρὸς ἀπῄεσαν καὶ προσελθόντες τῷ βασιλεῖ ἀναδέχονται τὸν ἀγῶνα, κἀκεῖνος συγκαλέσας τὴν βουλὴν καὶ πολλοὺς ἐπαίνους τῶν νεανίσκων διαθέμενος ἀποστέλλει πρέσβεις πρὸς τὸν Ἀλβανὸν τοὺς δηλώσοντας, ὅτι δέχονται Ῥωμαῖοι τὴν αἵρεσιν καὶ παρέξονται τοὺς Ὁρατίους διαγωνιουμένους ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀρχῆς.

  [6] The youths went away pleased with the exhortation of their father, and going to the king, they accepted the combat; and he, after assembling the senate and sounding the praises of the youths, sent ambassadors to the Alban to inform him that the Romans accepted his proposal and would offer the Horatii to fight for the sovereignty.

  [1] ἀπαιτούσης δὲ τῆς ὑποθέσεως καὶ τὸν τρόπον διεξελθεῖν τῆς μάχης ἀκριβῶς καὶ τὰ μετὰ ταύτην γενόμενα πάθη θεατρικαῖς ἐοικότα περιπετείαις μὴ ῥᾳθύμως διελθεῖν πειράσομαι καὶ περὶ τούτων ἐπ᾽ ἀκριβείας ἕκαστον, ὡς ἐμὴ δύναμις, εἰπεῖν. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὁ χρόνος ἧκεν ἐν ᾧ τέλος ἔδει λαβεῖν τὰς ὁμολογίας, ἐξῄεσαν μὲν αἱ τῶν Ῥωμαίων δυνάμεις πανστρατιᾷ, ἐξῄεσαν δὲ μετὰ ταῦθ᾽ οἱ νεανίσκοι τοῖς πατρῴοις θεοῖς εὐξάμενοι καὶ προῆγον ἅμα τῷ βασιλεῖ κατευφημούμενοί τε ὑπὸ παντὸς τοῦ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ὄχλου καὶ παττόμενοι τὰς κεφαλὰς ἄνθεσιν: ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἡ τῶν Ἀλβανῶν ἐξεληλύθει στρατιά.

  [18.1] As my subject requires not only that a full account of the way the battle was fought should be given, but also that the subsequent tragic events, which resemble the sudden reversals of fortune seen upon the stage, should be related in no perfunctory manner, I shall endeavour, as far as I am able, to give an accurate account of every incident. When the time came, then, for giving effect to the terms of the agreement, the Roman forces marched out in full strength, and afterwards the youths, when they had offered up their prayers to the gods of their fathers; they advanced accompanied by the king, while the entire throng that filed the city acclaimed them and strewed flowers upon their heads. By this time the Albans’ army also had marched out.

  [2] ἐπεὶ δὲ κατεστρατοπεδεύσαντο πλησίον ἀλλήλων μεταίχμιον ποιησάμενοι τὸν διείργοντα τὴν Ῥωμαίων [p. 303] ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀλβανῶν ὅρον, ἔνθα καὶ πρότερον εἶχον ἑκάτεροι τοὺς χάρακας, πρῶτον μὲν ἱερὰ θύσαντες ὤμοσαν ἐπὶ τῶν ἐμπύρων στέρξειν τὴν τύχην, ἣν ἂν ἐκ τῆς μάχης τῶν ἀνεψιῶν ἑκατέρα πόλις ἐξενέγκηται, καὶ φυλάξειν τὰς ὁμολογίας βεβαίους μηδένα προσάγοντες αὐταῖς δόλον αὐτοί τε καὶ γένος τὸ ἐξ αὐτῶν: ἐπεὶ δὲ τὰ πρὸς θεοὺς ὅσια διεπράξαντο, θέμενοι τὰ ὅπλα προῆγον ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος ἀμφότεροι θεαταὶ τῆς μάχης ἐσόμενοι τριῶν ἢ τεττάρων σταδίων τὸ μεταξὺ χωρίον τοῖς ἀγωνιζομένοις καταλιπόντες: καὶ μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺ παρῆν τούς τε Κορατίους ὁ τῶν Ἀλβανῶν στρατηγὸς ἄγων καὶ τοὺς Ὁρατίους ὁ τῶν Ῥωμαίων βασιλεὺς ὡπλισμένους τε κάλλιστα καὶ τὸν ἄλλον ἔχοντας κόσμον οἷον ἄνθρωποι λαμβάνουσιν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ.

  [2] And when the armies had encamped near one another, leaving as an interval between their camps the boundary that separated the Roman territory from that of the Albans, each side occupying the site of its previous camp, they first offered sacrifice and swore over the burnt offerings that they would acquiesce in whatever fate the event of the combat between the cousins should allot to each city and that they would keep inviolate their agreement, neither they nor their posterity making use of any deceit. Then, after performing the rites which rel
igion required, both the Romans and Albans laid aside their arms and came out in front of their camps to be spectators of the combat, leaving an interval of three or four stades for the champions. And presently appeared the Alban general conducting the Curiatii and the Roman king escorting the Horatii, all of them armed in the most splendid fashion and withal dressed like men about to die.

  [3] γενόμενοι δὲ σύνεγγυς ἀλλήλων τὰ μὲν ξίφη τοῖς ὑπασπισταῖς παρέδωκαν, προσδραμόντες δὲ περιέβαλλον ἀλλήλοις κλαίοντες καὶ τοῖς ἡδίστοις ὀνόμασιν ἀνακαλοῦντες, ὥστε εἰς δάκρυα προπεσεῖν ἅπαντας καὶ πολλὴν ἀστοργίαν κατηγορεῖν σφῶν τε αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν ἡγεμόνων, ὅτι παρὸν ἄλλοις τισὶ σώμασι κρῖναι τὴν μάχην εἰς ἐμφύλιον αἷμα καὶ συγγενικὸν ἄγος τὸν ὑπὲρ τῶν πόλεων ἀγῶνα κατέκλεισαν. παυσάμενοι δὲ τῶν ἀσπασμῶν οἱ νεανίσκοι καὶ τὰ ξίφη παρὰ τῶν ὑπασπιστῶν λαβόντες ἀναχωρησάντων τῶν πέλας ἐτάξαντό τε καθ᾽ ἡλικίαν καὶ συνῄεσαν ὁμόσε.

  [3] When they came near to one another they gave their swords to their armour-bearers, and running to one another, embraced, weeping and calling each other by the tenderest names, so that all the spectators were moved to tears and accused both themselves and their leaders of great heartlessness, in that, when it was possible to decide the battle by other champions, they had limited the combat on behalf of the cities to men of kindred blood and compelled the pollution of fratricide. The youths, after their embraces were over, received their swords from their armour-bearers, and the bystanders having retired, they took their places according to age and began the combat.

  [1] τέως μὲν οὖν ἡσυχία τε καὶ σιγὴ κατεῖχεν [p. 304] ἀμφοτέρας τὰς δυνάμεις: ἔπειτα ἀναβοήσεις τε ἀθρόαι παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων αὐτῶν ἐγίνοντο καὶ παρακελεύσεις τοῖς μαχομένοις ἐναλλὰξ εὐχαί τε καὶ οἰμωγαὶ καὶ παντὸς ἄλλου πάθους ἐναγωνίου φωναὶ συνεχεῖς, αἱ μὲν πρὸς τὰ δρώμενά τε καὶ ὁρώμενα ὑφ᾽ ἑκατέρων,

  [19.1] For a time quiet and silence prevailed in both armies, and then there was shouting by both sides together and alternate exhortations to the combatants; and there were vows and lamentations and continual expressions of every other emotion experienced in battle, some of them caused by what was either being enacted or witnessed by each side, and others by their apprehensions of the outcome; and the things they imagined outnumbered those which actually were happening.

  [2] αἱ δὲ πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντά τε καὶ ὑποπτευόμενα: καὶ ἦν πλείω τὰ εἰκαζόμενα τῶν γινομένων. ἥ τε γὰρ ὄψις ἐκ πολλοῦ διαστήματος γινομένη πολὺ τὸ ἀσαφὲς εἶχε, καὶ τὸ πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους ἀγωνιστὰς ἑκάστοις συμπαθὲς ἐπὶ το βεβουλημένον ἐλάμβανε τὰ πρασσόμενα, αἵ τε συνεχεῖς τῶν μαχομένων ἐπεμβάσεις καὶ ὑπαναχωρήσεις καὶ εἰς τὸ ἀντίπαλον αὖθις ἀντιμεταστάσεις πολλαὶ καὶ ἀγχίστροφοι γινόμεναι τὸ ἀκριβὲς τῆς γνώμης ἀφῃροῦντο: καὶ ταῦτα ἐπὶ πολὺν ἐγίνετο χρόνον.

  [2] For it was impossible to see very clearly, owing to the great distance, and the partiality of each side for their own champions interpreted everything that passed to match their desire; then, too, the frequent advances and retreats of the combatants and their many sudden countercharges rendered any accurate judgment out of the question; and this situation lasted a considerable time.

  [3] ῥώμην τε γὰρ σώματος ἔτυχον ὁμοίαν ἔχοντες ἑκάτεροι καὶ τὸ γενναῖον τῆς ψυχῆς ἰσόρροπον ὅπλοις τε καλλίστοις ἐσκεπασμένοι τὰ σώματα ὅλα καὶ γυμνὸν οὐδὲν ἀπολιπόντες μέρος ὅ τι καὶ τρωθὲν ὀξεῖαν ἔμελλεν οἴσειν τὴν τελευτήν, ὥστε πολλοὶ Ῥωμαίων τε καὶ Ἀλβανῶν ἐκ τοῦ φιλονεικεῖν τε καὶ συμπαθεῖν τοῖς σφετέροις ἔλαθον αὑτοὺς τὸ τῶν κινδυνευόντων μεταλαβόντες πάθος ἀγωνισταί τε μᾶλλον ἐβούλοντο ἢ θεαταὶ τῶν, δρωμένων γεγονέναι.

  [3] For the champions on both sides not only were alike in strength of body but were well matched also in nobility of spirit, and they had their entire bodies protected by the choicest armour, leaving no part exposed which if wounded would bring on swift death. So that many, both of the Romans and of the Albans, from their eager rivalry and from their partiality for their own champions, were unconsciously putting themselves in the position of the combatants and desired rather to be actors in the drama that was being enacted than spectators.

  [4] ὀψὲ δ᾽ οὖν ποτε ὁ πρεσβύτατος τῶν Ἀλβανῶν τῷ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀντιτεταγμένῳ συμπλέκεται παίων τε καὶ παιόμενος [p. 305] ἄλλας ἐπ᾽ ἄλλαις πληγὰς καί πως τυγχάνει τοῦ Ῥωμαίου διὰ βουβῶνος ἐνέγκας τὸ ξίφος. ὁ δὲ τοῖς τε ἄλλοις τραύμασι κεκαρωμένος ἤδη καὶ τὴν τελευταίαν πληγὴν θανατηφόρον ἔχων ὑπολυθέντων τῶν μελῶν καταρρυεὶς ἀποθνήσκει.

  [4] At last the eldest of the Albans, closing with his adversary and giving and receiving blow after blow, happened somehow to run his sword thru the Roman’s groin. The latter was already stupefied from his other wounds, and now receiving this final low, a mortal one, he fell down dead, his limbs no longer supporting him.

  [5] ὡς δὲ τοῦτ᾽ εἶδον οἱ θεαταὶ τῆς μάχης ἅμα πάντες ἀνεβόησαν, Ἀλβανοὶ μὲν ὡς νικῶντες ἤδη, Ῥωμαῖοι δ᾽ ὡς κρατούμενοι. τοὺς γὰρ δὴ σφετέρους δύο τοῖς τρισὶν Ἀλβανοῖς εὐκατεργάστους ὑπελάμβανον γενήσεσθαι. ἐν ᾧ δ᾽ ἐγίνετο ταῦτα, ὁ παρασπίζων τῷ πεσόντι Ῥωμαῖος ὁρῶν ἐπὶ τῷ κατορθώματι περιχαρῆ τὸν Ἀλβανὸν ὠθεῖται ταχὺς ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ πολλὰ μὲν τραύματα δούς, πολλὰ δὲ αὐτὸς λαβὼν τυγχάνει πως κατὰ τῆς σφαγῆς αὐτοῦ

  [5] When the spectators of the combat saw this they all cried out together, the Albans as already victorious, the Romans as vanquished; for they concluded that their two champions would be easily dispatched by the three Albans. In the meantime, the Roman who had fought by the side of the fallen champion, seeing the Alban rejoicing in his success, quickly rushed upon him, and after inflicting many wounds and receiving many himself, happened to plunge his sword into his neck and killed him.

  [6] βάψας τὸ ξίφος καὶ διαχρησάμενος. μεταβαλούσης δὲ τῆς τύχης ἐν ὀλίγῳ τά τε τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων ἔργα καὶ τὰ τῶν θεωμένων πάθη, καὶ Ῥωμαίων μὲν ἀναθαρρησάντων ἐκ τῆς πρότερον κατηφείας, Ἀλβανῶν δὲ ἀφῃρημένων τὸ χαῖρον, ἑτέρα πάλιν ἀντιπνεύσασα τοῖς τῶν Ῥωμαίων κατορθώμασι τύχη τούτων μὲν ἐταπείνωσε τὰς ἐλπίδας, τὰ δὲ τῶ
ν πολεμίων φρονήματα ἐπῆρεν. τοῦ γὰρ Ἀλβανοῦ πεσόντος ὁ τὴν πλησίον αὐτοῦ ἔχων στάσιν ἀδελφὸς συμπλέκεται τῷ καταβαλόντι, καὶ τυγχάνουσιν ἀμφότεροι κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον πληγὰς ἐξαισίους ἐξενέγκαντες κατ᾽ ἀλλήλων, ὁ μὲν Ἀλβανὸς τοῦ Ῥωμαίου κατὰ τοῦ μεταφρένου καὶ μέχρι τῶν σπλάγχνων βάψας τὸ ξίφος, ὁ [p. 306] δὲ Ῥωμαῖος ὑπελθὼν τὴν προβολὴν τοῦ πολεμίου καὶ τῶν ἰγνυῶν τὴν ἑτέραν ὑποτεμών.

  [6] After Fortune had thus in a short time made a great alteration both in the state of the combatants and in the feelings of the spectators, and the Romans had now recovered from their former dejection while the Albans had had their joy snatched away, another shift of Fortune, by giving a check to the success of the Romans, sunk their hopes and raised the confidence of their enemies. For when Alban fell, his brother who stood next to him closed with the Roman who had struck him down; and each, as it chanced, gave the other a dangerous wound at the same time, the Alban plunging his sword down through the Roman’s back into his bowels, and the Roman throwing himself under the shield of his adversary and slashing one of his thighs.

  [1] ὁ μὲν δὴ τὸ καίριον τραῦμα λαβὼν εὐθὺς ἐτεθνήκει, ὁ δὲ τὴν ἰγνύαν τετρωμένος οὐκέτι βέβαιος ἦν ἑστάναι, σκάζων δὲ καὶ τὰ πολλὰ τῷ θυρεῷ διερειδόμενος ἀντεῖχεν ὅμως ἔτι καὶ μετὰ τοῦ περιλειπομένου τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐπὶ τὸν ὑπομένοντα Ῥωμαῖον ἐχώρει, περιέστησάν τε αὐτὸν ὁ μὲν ἐξ ἐναντίας προσιών,