Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [20.1] The one who had received the mortal wound died instantly, and the other, who had been wounded in the thigh, was scarcely able to stand, but limped and frequently leaned upon his shield. Nevertheless, he still made a show of resistance and with his surviving brother advanced against the Roman, who stood his ground; and they surrounded him, one coming up to him from in front and the other from behind.

  [2] ὁ δὲ κατὰ νώτου. τῷ δὲ Ῥωμαίῳ δείσαντι μὴ κυκλωθεὶς πρὸς αὐτῶν εὐκατέργαστος γένηται δυσί τε μαχόμενος καὶ διχόθεν ἐπιοῦσιν, ἦν δὲ ἀκραιφνὴς ἔτι, λογισμὸς εἰσέρχεται διελεῖν τοὺς πολεμίους ἀπ᾽ ἀλλήλων καὶ χωρὶς ἑκατέρῳ μάχεσθαι. ῥᾷστα δὲ διαστήσειν αὐτοὺς ὑπελάμβανεν, εἰ δόξαν παράσχοι φυγῆς: οὐ γὰρ ὑπ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων διώξεσθαι τῶν Ἀλβανῶν, ἀλλ᾽ ὑφ᾽ ἑνός, ὁρῶν τὸν ἀδελφὸν οὐκέτι καρτερὸν τῶν ποδῶν. ταῦτα δὴ διανοηθεὶς ὡς εἶχε τάχους ἔφευγε καὶ συνέπεσεν αὐτῷ μὴ διαμαρτεῖν τῆς ἐλπίδος.

  [2] The Roman, fearing that, being thus surrounded by them and obliged to fight with two adversaries attacking him from two sides, he might easily be overcome — he was still uninjured — hit upon the plan of separating his enemies and fighting each one singly. He thought he could most easily separate them by feigning flight; for then he would not be pursued by both the Albans, but only by one of them, since he saw that the other no longer had control of his limbs. With this thought in mind he fled as fast as he could; and it was his good fortune not to be disappointed in his expectation.

  [3] ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἕτερος τῶν Ἀλβανῶν οὐδεμίαν ἔχων πληγὴν καίριον ἐδίωκεν αὐτὸν ἐκποδός, ὁ δ᾽ ἐπιβαίνειν ἀδύνατος ὢν πολὺ τοῦ δέοντος ὑστέρει. ἔνθα δὴ τῶν Ἀλβανῶν τοῖς σφετέροις ἐγκελευομένων, τῶν δὲ Ῥωμαίων τὸν αὑτῶν ἀγωνιστὴν κακιζόντων καὶ τῶν μὲν δὴ παιανιζόντων τε καὶ στεφανουμένων ὡς [p. 307] ἐπὶ κατορθουμένῳ τῷ ἀγῶνι, τῶν δ᾽ ὀδυρομένων ὡς οὐκ ἂν ἔτι τῆς τύχης σφᾶς διαναστησομένης, ταμιευσάμενος τὸν καιρὸν ὁ Ῥωμαῖος ὑποστρέφει τε ὀξέως καὶ πρὶν ἢ φυλάξασθαι τὸν Ἀλβανὸν φθάνει τῷ ξίφει κατὰ τοῦ βραχίονος πληγὴν ἐνέγκας καὶ διελὼν τὸν ἀγκῶνα.

  [3] For the Alban who was not mortally wounded followed at his heels, while the other, being unable to keep going was falling altogether too far behind. Then indeed the Albans encouraged their men and the Romans reproached their champion with cowardice, the former singing songs of triumph and crowning themselves with garlands as if the contest were already won, and the others lamenting as if Fortune would never raise them up again. But the Roman, having carefully waited for his opportunity, turned quickly and, before the Alban could put himself on his guard, struck him a blow on the arm with his sword and clove his elbow in twain,

  [4] πεσούσης δὲ χαμαὶ τῆς χειρὸς ἅμα τῷ ξίφει μίαν ἔτι πληγὴν καίριον ἐξενέγκας ἀποκτείνει τὸν Ἀλβανόν, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτον ἐπὶ τὸν τελευταῖον ὠσάμενος ἡμιθνῆτα καὶ παρειμένον ἐπικατασφάττει. σκυλεύσας δὲ τοὺς τῶν ἀνεψιῶν νεκροὺς εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἠπείγετο πρῶτος ἀπαγγεῖλαι θέλων τὴν ἑαυτοῦ νίκην τῷ πατρί.

  [4] and when his hand fell to the ground together with his sword, he struck one more blow, a mortal one, and dispatched the Alban; then, rushing from him to the last of his adversaries, who was half dead and fainting, he slew him also. And taking the spoils from the bodies of his cousins, he hastened to the city, wishing to give his father the first news of his victory.

  [1] ἔδει δὲ ἄρα καὶ τοῦτον ἄνθρωπον ὄντα μὴ πάντα διευτυχεῖν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀπολαῦσαί τι τοῦ φθονεροῦ δαίμονος, ὃς αὐτὸν ἐκ μικροῦ μέγαν ἐν ὀλίγῳ θεὶς χρόνῳ καὶ εἰς ἐπιφάνειαν θαυμαστὴν καὶ παράδοξον ἐξάρας κατέβαλε φέρων αὐθημερὸν εἰς ἄχαριν συμφορὰν ἀδελφοκτόνον.

  [21.1] But it was ordained after all that even he, as he was but a mortal, should not be fortunate in everything, but should feel some stroke of the envious god who, having from an insignificant man made him great in a brief moment of time and raised him to wonderful and unexpected distinction, plunged him the same day into the unhappy state of being his sister’s murderer.

  [2] ὡς γὰρ ἐγγὺς ἐγένετο τῶν πυλῶν, ἄλλον τε ὄχλον ὁρᾷ παντοδαπὸν ἐκχεόμενον ἐκ τῆς πόλεως καὶ δὴ καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν προστρέχουσαν: διαταραχθεὶς δὲ κατὰ τὴν πρώτην ὄψιν, ὅτι καταλιποῦσα τὴν μετὰ μητρὸς οἰκουρίαν παρθένος ἐπίγαμος εἰς ὄχλον αὑτὴν ἔδωκεν ἀγνῶτα, καὶ πολλοὺς λαμβάνων λογισμοὺς ἀτόπους τελευτῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐπιεικεῖς καὶ φιλανθρώπους ἀπέκλινεν, ὡς ἀσπάσασθαί τε [p. 308] πρώτη τὸν σωθέντα ἀδελφὸν ποθοῦσα καὶ τὰς ἀρετὰς τῶν τεθνηκότων παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ μαθεῖν βουλομένη τῶν εὐσχημόνων ὑπερίδοι γυναικεῖόν τι πάσχουσα.

  [2] For when he arrived near the gates he saw a multitude of people of all conditions pouring out from the city and among them his sister running to meet him. At the first sight of her he was distressed that a virgin ripe for marriage should have deserted her household tasks at her mother’s side and joined a crowd of strangers. And though he indulged in many absurd reflections, he was at last inclining to those which were honourable and generous, feeling that in her yearning to be the first to embrace her surviving brother and in her desire to receive an account from him of the gallant behaviour of her dead brothers she had disregarded decorum in a moment of feminine weakness.

  [3] ἡ δὲ ἄρα οὐ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ποθοῦσα τὰς ἀσυνήθεις ἐτόλμησεν ἐξελθεῖν ὁδούς, ἀλλ᾽ ἔρωτι κρατουμένη τῶν ἀνεψιῶν ἑνός, ᾧ καθωμολόγητο ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐπὶ γάμῳ, καὶ κρύπτουσα τὸ πάθος ἀπόρρητον ἐπειδὴ δὲ τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ στρατοπέδου τινὸς ἤκουσεν ἀπαγγέλλοντος τὰ περὶ τὴν μάχην, οὐκέτι κατέσχεν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐκλιποῦσα τὴν οἰκίαν ὥσπερ αἱ μαινάδες ἐφέρετο πρὸς τὰς πύλας οὐδὲν ἐπιστρεφομένη τῆς ἀνακαλούσης τε καὶ μεταδιωκούσης τροφοῦ.

  [3] However, it was not, after all, her yearning for her brothers that had led her to venture forth in this unusual manner, but it was because she was overpowered by love for one of her cousins to whom her father had promised her in marriage, a passion which she had till then kept secret; and when she had overheard a man who came from the camp relating the details of the combat, she could no longer contain herself, but leaving the house, rushed to the city gates like a maenad, without paying any heed to her nurse who called her and ran to bring her back.

  [4] ἔξω δὲ γενομένη τῆς πόλεως ὡς τὸν ἀδελφὸν εἶδε περιχ�
�ρῆ: τοὺς ἐπινικίους ἐπικείμενον στεφάνους, οἷς αὐτὸν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἀνέδησε, καὶ τοὺς ἑταίρους αὐτοῦ φέροντας τὰ τῶν πεφονευμένων σκῦλα, ἐν οἷς ἦν πέπλος ποικίλος, ὃν αὐτὴ μετὰ τῆς μητρὸς ἐξυφήνασα τῷ μνηστῆρι δῶρον εἰς τὸν μέλλοντα γάμον ἀπεστάλκει ῾ποικίλους γὰρ ἔθος ἐστὶν ἀμφιέννυσθαι. πέπλους Λατίνων τοῖς μετιοῦσι τὰς νύμφασ᾽, τοῦτον δὴ τὸν πέπλον θεασαμένη πεφυρμένον αἵματι τόν τε χιτῶνα κατερρήξατο καὶ ταῖς χερσὶν ἀμφοτέραις παίουσα τὸ στῆθος ἐθρήνει καὶ ἀνεκαλεῖτο τὸν ἀνεψιόν, ὥστε πολλὴν κατάπληξιν εἰσελθεῖν ἅπαντας ὅσοι κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν ἦσαν τόπον.

  [4] But when she got outside the city and saw her brother exulting and wearing the garlands of victory with which the king had crowned him, and his friends carrying the spoils of the slain, among which was an embroidered robe which she herself with the assistance of her mother had woven and sent as a present to her betrothed against their nuptial day (for it is the custom of the Latins to array themselves in embroidered robes when they go to fetch their brides), when, therefore, she saw this robe stained with blood, she rent her garment, and beating her breast with both hands, fell to lamenting and calling upon her cousin by name, so that great astonishment came upon all who were present there.

  [5] ἀνακλαυσαμένη δὲ τὸν μόρον τοῦ μνηστῆρος ἀτενέσι τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς εἰς τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὁρᾷ καὶ λέγει: μιαρώτατε ἄνθρωπε, χαίρεις ἀποκτείνας τοὺς ἀνεψιοὺς κἀμὲ [p. 309] τὴν παναθλίαν ἀδελφὴν ἀποστερήσας γάμου, ὦ δύστηνες3 ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἔλεος εἰσέρχεταί σε τῶν ἀπολωλότων συγγενῶν, οὓς ἀδελφοὺς ἐκάλεις, ἀλλ᾽ ὥσπερ ἀγαθόν τι διαπεπραγμένος ἐξέστηκας τῶν φρενῶν ὑπὸ τῆς ἡδονῆς καὶ στεφάνους ἐπὶ τοῖς τοιούτοις ἐπίκεισαι κακοῖς τίνος ἔχων ψυχὴν θηρίου;

  [5] After she had bewailed the death of her betrothed she stared with fixed gaze at her brother and said: “Most abominable wretch, so you rejoice in having slain your cousins and deprived your most unhappy sister of wedlock! Miserable fellow! Why, you are not even touched with pity for your slain kinsmen, whom you were wont to call your brothers, but instead, as if you had performed some noble deed, you are beside yourself with joy and wear garlands in honour of such calamities. Of what wild beast, then, have you the heart?”

  [6] κἀκεῖνος ὑπολαβών, φιλοῦντος, ἔφη, τὴν πατρίδα πολίτου καὶ τοὺς κακῶς αὐτῇ βουλομένους κολάζοντος, ἐάν τε ἀλλότριοι τύχωσιν αὐτῆς ὄντες, ἐάν τε οἰκεῖοι: ἐν οἷς τίθεμαι καὶ σέ, ἥτις ἑνὶ καιρῷ τὰ μέγιστα ἀγαθῶν τε καὶ κακῶν συμβεβηκότα ἡμῖν ἐπιγνοῦσα τήν τε νίκην τῆς πατρίδος, ἣν ὁ σὸς ἀδελφὸς ἐγὼ πάρειμι κατάγων, καὶ τὸν θάνατον τῶν ἀδελφῶν οὐκ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς, ὦ μιαρὰ σύ, τοῖς κοινοῖς τῆς πατρίδος χαίρεις οὔτ᾽ ἐπὶ ταῖς συμφοραῖς ταῖς ἰδίαις τῆς οἰκίας ἀλγεῖς, ἀλλ᾽ ὑπεριδοῦσα τῶν σεαυτῆς ἀδελφῶν τὸν τοῦ μνηστῆρος ἀνακλαίεις μόρον, οὐδ᾽ ὑπὸ τοῦ σκότους ἀποφθαρεῖσά που κατὰ μόνας, ἀλλ᾽ ἐν τοῖς ἁπάντων ὀφθαλμοῖς, καί μοι τὴν ἀρετὴν καὶ τοὺς στεφάνους ὀνειδίζεις, ὦ ψευδοπάρθενε καὶ μισάδελφε καὶ ἀναξία τῶν προγόνων. ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν οὐ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς πενθεῖς, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἀνεψιούς, καὶ τὸ μὲν σῶμα ἐν τοῖς ζῶσιν ἔχεις, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν παρὰ τῷ νεκρῷ, ἄπιθι πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ὃν ἀνακαλῇ καὶ μήτε τὸν πατέρα μήτε τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς [p. 310]

  [6] And he, answering her, said: “The heart of a citizen who loves his country and punishes those who wish her ill, whether they happen to be foreigners or his own people. And among such I count even you; for though you know that the greatest of blessings and of woes have happened to us at one and the same time — I mean the victory of your country, which I, your brother, am bringing home with me, and the death of your brothers — you neither rejoice in the public happiness of your country, wicked wretch, nor grieve at the private calamities of your own family, but, overlooking your own brothers, you lament the fate of your betrothed, and this, too, not after taking yourself off somewhere alone under cover of darkness, curse you! but before the eyes of the whole world; and you reproach me for my valour and my crowns of victory, you pretender to virginity, you hater of your brothers and disgrace to your ancestors! Since, therefore, you mourn, not for your brothers, but for your cousins, and since, though your body is with the living, your soul is with him who is dead, go to him on whom you call and cease to dishonour either your father or your brothers.”

  [7] καταίσχυνε. ταῦτ᾽ εἰπὼν οὐκ ἐφύλαξεν ἐν τῷ μισοπονήρῳ τὸ μέτριον, ἀλλ᾽ ὡς εἶχεν ὀργῆς ὠθεῖ διὰ τῶν πλευρῶν αὐτῆς τὸ ξίφος, ἀποκτείνας δὲ τὴν ἀδελφὴν παρῆν ὡς τὸν πατέρα. οὕτω δὲ ἄρα μισοπόνηρα καὶ αὐθάδη τὰ τῶν τότε Ῥωμαίων ἤθη καὶ φρονήματα ἦν καί, εἴ τις αὐτὰ βούλοιτο παρὰ τὰ νῦν ἔργα καὶ τοὺς ἐφ᾽ ἡμῶν ἐξετάζειν βίους, ὠμὰ καὶ σκληρὰ καὶ τῆς θηριώδους οὐ πολὺ ἀπέχοντα φύσεως, ὥστε πάθος οὕτω δεινὸν ὁ πατὴρ ἀκούσας οὐχ ὅπως ἠγανάκτησεν, ἀλλὰ καλῶς καὶ προσηκόντως ὑπέλαβε τὸ πραχθὲν ἔχειν:

  [7] After these words, being unable in his hatred of baseness to observe moderation, but yielding to the anger which swayed him, he ran his sword through her side; and having slain his sister, he went to his father. But so averse to baseness and so stern were the manners and thoughts of the Romans of that day and, to compare them with the actions and lives of those of our age, so cruel and harsh and so little removed from the savagery of wild beasts, that the father, upon being informed of this terrible calamity, far from resenting it, looked upon it as a glorious and becoming action.

  [8] ὅς γε οὔτε εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν εἴασεν εἰσενεχθῆναι τὸν νεκρὸν τῆς θυγατρὸς οὔτ᾽ ἐν τοῖς πατρῴοις τεθῆναι μνήμασιν ἐπέτρεψεν οὔτε κηδείας καὶ περιστολῆς καὶ τῶν ἄλλων νομίμων μεταλαβεῖν, ἀλλ᾽ οἱ παριόντες αὐτὴν ἐρριμμένην ἐν ᾧ διεχρήσθη χωρίῳ λίθους ἐπιφοροῦντες καὶ γῆν ἐκήδευσαν ὡς πτῶμα ἔρημον κηδομένων.

  [8] In fact, he would neither permit his daughter’s body to be brought into the house nor allow her to be buried in the tomb of her ancestors or given any funeral or burial robe or other customary rites; but as she lay there where she had been cast, in the place where she was slain, the passers-by, bringing stones and earth, buried her like any corpse which had none to give it proper burial.

  [9] ταῦτά τε δὴ στερρὰ
τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καὶ ἔτι πρὸς τούτοις, ἃ μέλλω λέγειν: ὡς γὰρ ἐπὶ καλοῖς τε καὶ εὐτυχέσιν ἔργοις αὐθημερὸν ἔθυε τοῖς πατρῴοις θεοῖς ἃς εὔξατο θυσίας καὶ τοὺς συγγενεῖς ἑστιάσει λαμπρᾷ τε καὶ καθάπερ ἐν ταῖς μεγίσταις ἑορταῖς ὑπεδέχετο ἐλάττους ἡγούμενος τὰς ἰδίας συμφορὰς τῶν κοινῶν τῆς πατρίδος ἀγαθῶν.

  [9] Besides these instances of the father’s severity there were still others that I shall mention. Thus, as if in gratitude for some glorious and fortunate achievements, he offered that very day to the gods of his ancestors the sacrifices he had vowed, and entertained his relations at a splendid banquet, just as upon the greatest festivals, making less account of his private calamities than of the public advantages of his country.

  [10] τοῦτο δ᾽ οὐ μόνον ὁ Ὁράτιος, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετ᾽ ἐκεῖνον ἄλλοι συχνοὶ Ῥωμαίων μνημονεύονται ποιήσαντες ἄνδρες ἐπιφανεῖς: λέγω δὲ τὸ θύειν καὶ στεφανηφορεῖν καὶ [p. 311] θριάμβους κατάγειν τέκνων αὐτοῖς ἀπολωλότων ἔναγχος, ὅταν εὐτυχήσῃ δι᾽ αὐτοὺς τὸ κοινόν: ὑπὲρ ὧν κατὰ τοὺς οἰκείους ἐρῶ καιρούς.

  [10] This not only Horatius but many other prominent Romans after him are said to have done; I refer to their offering sacrifice and wearing crowns and celebrating triumphs immediately after the death of their sons when through them the commonwealth had met with good fortune. Of these I shall make mention in the proper places.