Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [2] ὡς δ᾽ αἱ σκήψεις αὐτῷ πᾶσαι κατανάλωντο, τελευτῶν ἔφη δεῖν εἰς τὸν τοῦ τεθνηκότος ὑπάτου τόπον ἕτερον ἀποδειχθῆναι. τὰ μὲν γὰρ ὑφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ μόνου πραχθέντα οὔτε νόμιμα οὔτε βέβαια ἔσεσθαι, τὰ δ᾽ ὑπ᾽ ἀμφοῖν ἔννομά τε καὶ κύρια. ταύτῃ διακρουσάμενος αὐτοὺς τῇ προφάσει προεῖπεν ἀρχαιρεσίων ἡμέραν, ἐν ᾗ τὸν συνάρχοντα ἔμελλεν ἀποδείξειν. ἐν δὲ τῷ μεταξὺ χρόνῳ δι᾽ ἀπορρήτων βουλευμάτων οἱ προεστηκότες τοῦ συνεδρίου συνέθεντο κατὰ σφᾶς αὐτούς, ὅτῳ παραδώσουσι τὴν ἀρχήν.

  [2] When all his excuses had been exhausted, he finally declared that another consul must be chosen in place of the deceased; for he said that the acts performed by him all would be neither legal nor lasting, whereas those performed by two of them would be legitimate and valid. Having put them off with this pretence, he appointed a day for the election, when he would nominate his colleague. In the meantime the leading men of the senate, consulting together in private, agreed among themselves upon the person to whom they would entrust the magistracy.

  [3] καὶ ἐπειδὴ ὁ τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων ἐνέστη χρόνος, καὶ ὁ κῆρυξ τὴν πρώτην τάξιν ἐκάλεσεν, εἰσελθόντες εἰς τὸν ἀποδειχθέντα τόπον οἵ τ᾽ ὀκτωκαίδεκα λόχοι τῶν ἱππέων καὶ οἱ τῶν πεζῶν ὀγδοήκοντα τῶν τὸ μέγιστον τίμημα ἐχόντων Λεύκιον Κοίντιον Κικιννᾶτον ἀποδεικνύουσιν ὕπατον, οὗ τὸν υἱὸν Καίσωνα Κοίντιον εἰς ἀγῶνα θανάτου καταστήσαντες οἱ δήμαρχοι τὴν πόλιν ἠνάγκασαν [p. 33] ἐκλιπεῖν: καὶ οὐδεμιᾶς ἔτι κληθείσης ἐπὶ τὴν ψηφοφορίαν τάξεως — τρισὶ γὰρ ἦσαν λόχοις πλείους οἱ διενέγκαντες τὴν ψῆφον λόχοι τῶν ὑπολειπομένων — ὁ μὲν δῆμος ἀπῄει συμφορὰν βαρεῖαν ἡγούμενος, ὅτι μισῶν αὐτοὺς ἀνὴρ ἐξουσίας ὑπατικῆς ἔσται κύριος, ἡ βουλὴ δὲ ἔπεμπε τοὺς παραληψομένους τὸν ὕπατον καὶ ἄξοντας ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν.

  [3] And when the day appointed for the election had come and the herald had called the first class, the eighteen centuries of knights together with the eighty centuries of foot, consisting of the wealthiest citizens, entering the appointed place, chose as consul Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus, whose son Caeso Quintius the tribunes had brought to trial for his life and compelled to leave the city. And no other class being called to vote — for the centuries which had voted were three more in be than the remaining centuries — the populace departed, regarding it as a grievous misfortune that a man who hated them was to be possessed of the consular power. Meanwhile the senate sent men to invite the consul and to conduct him to the city to assume his magistracy.

  [4] ἔτυχε δὲ τηνικαῦτα ὁ Κοίντιος ἄρουράν τινα ὑπεργαζόμενος εἰς σποράν, αὐτὸς ἀκολουθῶν τοῖς σχίζουσι τὴν νειὸν βοιδίοις ἀχίτων, περιζωμάτιον ἔχων καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ πῖλον. ἰδὼν δὲ πλῆθος ἀνθρώπων εἰς τὸ χωρίον εἰσιόντων τό τε ἄροτρον ἐπέσχε καὶ πολὺν ἠπόρει χρόνον, οἵτινές τε εἶεν καὶ τίνος δεόμενοι πρὸς αὐτὸν ἥκοιεν: ἔπειτα προσδραμόντος τινὸς καὶ κελεύσαντος κοσμιώτερον ἑαυτὸν ποιῆσαι παρελθὼν εἰς τὴν καλύβη καὶ

  [4] It chanced that Quintius was just then ploughing a piece of land for sowing, he himself following the gaunt oxen that were breaking up the fallow; he had no tunic on, wore a small loin-cloth and had a cap upon his head. Upon seeing a crowd of people come into the field he stopped his plough and for a long time was at a loss to know who they were or what they wanted of him; then, when some one ran up to him and bade him make himself more presentable, he went into the cottage and after putting on his clothes came out to them.

  [5] ἀμφιεσάμενος προῆλθεν. οἱ δ᾽ ἐπὶ τὴν παράληψιν αὐτοῦ παρόντες ἠσπάσαντό τε ἅπαντες οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ ὀνόματος, ἀλλ᾽ ὕπατον καὶ τὴν περιπόρφυρον ἐσθῆτα περιέθεσαν τούς τε πελέκεις καὶ τἆλλα παράσημα τῆς ἀρχῆς παραστήσαντες ἀκολουθεῖν εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἠξίουν. κἀκεῖνος μικρὸν ἐπισχὼν καὶ δακρύσας τοσοῦτον εἶπεν: ἄσπορον ἄρα μοι τὸ χωρίον ἔσται τοῦτον τὸν ἐνιαυτόν, καὶ κινδυνεύσομεν οὐχ ἕξειν, πόθεν διατραφῶμεν. ἔπειτ᾽ ἀσπασάμενος τὴν γυναῖκα καὶ τῶν ἔνδον ἐπιμελεῖσθαι παραγγείλας ᾤχετο εἰς τὴν πόλιν.

  [5] Thereupon the men who were sent to escort him all greeted him, not by his name, but as consul; and clothing him with the purple-bordered robe and placing before him the axes and the other insignia of his magistracy, they asked him to follow them to the city. And he, pausing for a moment and shedding tears, said only this: “So my field will go unsown this year, and we shall be in danger of having not enough to live on.” Then he kissed his wife, and charging her to take care of things at home, went to the city.

  [6] ταῦτα δὲ οὐχ ἑτέρου τινὸς χάριν εἰπεῖν προήχθην, ἀλλ᾽ ἵνα φανερὸν γένηται πᾶσιν, οἷοι τότε ἦσαν οἱ τῆς [p. 34] Ῥωμαίων πόλεως προεστηκότες, ὡς αὐτουργοὶ καὶ σώφρονες καὶ πενίαν δικαίαν οὐ βαρυνόμενοι καὶ βασιλικὰς οὐ διώκοντες ἐξουσίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ διδομένας ἀναινόμενοι: φανήσονται γὰρ οὐδὲ κατὰ μικρὸν ἐοικότες ἐκείνοις οἱ νῦν, ἀλλὰ τἀναντία πάντα ἐπιτηδεύοντες, πλὴν πάνυ ὀλίγων, δι᾽ οὓς ἕστηκεν ἔτι τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἀξίωμα καὶ τὸ σώζειν τὴν πρὸς ἐκείνους τοὺς ἄνδρας ὁμοιότητα. ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τούτων ἅλις.

  [6] I am led to related these particulars for no other reason than to let all the world see what kind of men the leaders of Rome were at that time, that they worked with their own hands, led frugal lives, did not chafe under honourable poverty, and, far from aiming at positions of royal power, actually refused them when offered. For it will be seen that the Romans of to-day do not bear the least resemblance to them, but follow the very opposite practices in everything — with the exception of a very few by whom the dignity of the commonwealth is still maintained and a resemblance to those men preserved. But enough on this subject.

  [1] ὁ δὲ Κοίντιος παραλαβὼν τὴν ὑπατείαν πρῶτον μὲν ἔπαυσε τοὺς δημάρχους τῶν καινῶν πολιτευμάτων καὶ τῆς ἐπὶ τῷ νόμῳ σπουδῆς προειπών, ὡς εἰ μὴ παύσονται ταράττοντες τὴν πόλιν ἀπάξει Ῥωμαίους ἅπαντας ἐκ τῆς πόλεως στρατείαν κατὰ

  [18.1] Quintius, having succeeded to the consulship, caused the tribunes to desist from their new measures and from their insistence upon the proposed law by announcing that if they did not cease disturbing the commonwealth he would give notice of an e
xpedition against the Volscians and would lead all the Romans out of the city.

  [2] Οὐολούσκων παραγγείλας. ἐπεὶ δὲ κωλύσειν αὐτὸν ἔλεγον οἱ δήμαρχοι στρατοῦ ποιεῖσθαι καταγραφήν, συναγαγὼν τὸ πλῆθος εἰς ἐκκλησίαν εἶπεν, ὅτι πάντες ὀμωμόκασι τὸν στρατιωτικὸν ὅρκον, ἀκολουθήσειν τοῖς ὑπάτοις ἐφ᾽ οὓς ἂν καλῶνται πολέμους, καὶ μήτε ἀπολείψειν τὰ σημεῖα μήτε ἄλλο πράξειν μηθὲν ἐναντίον τῷ νόμῳ: παραλαβὼν δὲ τὴν ὑπατικὴν ἐξουσίαν αὐτὸς ἔχειν ἔφη κρατουμένους ἅπαντας τοῖς ὅρκοις.

  [2] When the tribunes said they would not permit him to enrol an army, he called an assembly of the populace and declared that since they had all taken the military oath, swearing that they would follow the consuls in any wars to which they should be called and would neither desert the standards nor do anything else contrary to law, and since he had assumed the consular power, he held them all bound to him by their oaths.

  [3] εἰπὼν δὲ ταῦτα καὶ διομοσάμενος χρήσεσθαι τῷ νόμῳ κατὰ τῶν ἀπειθούντων ἐκέλευσεν ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τὰ σημεῖα καταφέρειν: καὶ ἵνα, ἔφη, πᾶσαν ἀπογνῶτε δημαγωγίαν ἐπὶ τῆς ἐμῆς ὑπατείας, οὐ πρότερον ἀναστήσω [p. 35] τὸν στρατὸν ἐκ τῆς πολεμίας, πρὶν ἢ πᾶς ὁ τῆς ἀρχῆς μοι διέλθῃ χρόνος. ὡς οὖν ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ χειμάσοντες παρασκευάσασθε τὰ εἰς ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρὸν ἐπιτήδεια.

  [3] Having said this and sworn that he would invoke the law against those who disobeyed, he ordered the standards to be brought out of the temples. “And to the end,” he added, “that you may renounce all agitation by demagogues during my consulship, I will not withdraw the army from the enemy’s country until my whole term of office has expired. Expect therefore, to pass the winter in the field and prepare everything necessary against that time.”

  [4] τούτοις καταπληξάμενος αὐτοὺς τοῖς λόγοις ἐπειδὴ κοσμιωτέρους εἶδε γεγονότας καὶ δεομένους ἀφεθῆναι τῆς στρατείας, ἐπὶ τούτοις ἔφη χαριεῖσθαι τὰς ἀναπαύλας τῶν πολέμων, ἐφ᾽ ᾧ τε μηθὲν ἔτι παρακινεῖν αὐτούς, ἀλλ᾽ ἐᾶν αὐτὸν ὡς βούλεται τὴν ἀρχὴν τελεῖσθαι, καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ τὰ δίκαια διδόναι τε καὶ λαμβάνειν παρ᾽ ἀλλήλων.

  [4] Having terrified them with these threats, when he saw that they had become more orderly and begged to be let off from the campaign, he said he would grant them a respite from war upon these conditions, that they create no more disturbances but allow him to administer his office as he wished to the end, and that in their dealings with one another they give as well as receive strict justice.

  [1] καταστάντος δὲ τοῦ θορύβου δικαστήριά τε ἀπεδίδου τοῖς δεομένοις ἐκ πολλῶν παρειλκυσμένα χρόνων, καὶ τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν ἐγκλημάτων αὐτὸς ἴσως καὶ δικαίως διέκρινε δι᾽ ὅλης ἡμέρας ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος καθεζόμενος, εὐπρόσοδόν τε καὶ πρᾷον καὶ φιλάνθρωπον τοῖς ἐπὶ τὴν δικαιοδοσίαν ἀφικνουμένοις ἑαυτὸν παρεῖχε καὶ παρεσκεύασεν ἀριστοκρατικὴν οὕτως φανῆναι τὴν πολιτείαν, ὥστε μήτε δημάρχων δεηθῆναι τοὺς διὰ πενίαν ἢ δυσγένειαν ἢ ἄλλην τινὰ ταπεινότητα ὑπὸ τῶν κρειττόνων κατισχυομένους, μήτε καινῆς νομοθεσίας πόθον ἔχειν ἔτι τοὺς ἐν ἰσηγορίᾳ πολιτεύεσθαι βουλομένους, ἀλλ᾽ ἀγαπᾶν τε καὶ χαίρειν ἅπαντας ἐπὶ τῇ τότε κατασχούσῃ τὴν πόλιν εὐνομίᾳ.

  [19.1] The tumult having been appeased, he restored of all plaintiffs recourse to courts of law, a matter for a long time delayed; and he himself decided most suits, with fairness and justice, sitting on the tribunal the whole day and showing himself easy of access, mild and humane to all who came to him for judgement. By this means he made the government seem so truly an aristocracy that neither tribunes were needed by those who through poverty, humble birth or any other point of inferiority were oppressed by their superiors, nor was any desire for new legislation longer felt by those who wished for a government based on equal rights; but all were contented and pleased with the law and order which then came to prevail in the commonwealth.

  [2] ταῦτά τε δὴ τὰ ἔργα τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἐπῃνεῖτο ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου, καὶ ἐπεὶ τὸν ὡρισμένον ἐτέλεσε τῆς ἀρχῆς χρόνον τὸ μὴ δέξασθαι τὴν ὑπατείαν διδομένην τὸ δεύτερον μηδὲ [p. 36]

  [2] Not only for these actions was Quintius praised by the populace, but also for refusing the consulship when, upon his completion of the appointed term of office, it was offered to him a second time, and for not even being pleased when that great honour was tendered him.

  [3] ἀγαπῆσαι τηλικαύτην λαμβάνοντα τιμήν. κατεῖχε γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς ὑπατικῆς ἐξουσίας ἡ βουλὴ πολλὰς προσφέρουσα δεήσεις, ἐπεὶ τὸ τρίτον οἱ δήμαρχοι διεπράξαντο μὴ ἀποθέσθαι τὴν ἀρχήν, ὡς ἐναντιωσόμενον αὐτοῖς καὶ παύσοντα τῶν καινῶν πολιτευμάτων, τὰ μὲν αἰδοῖ, τὰ δὲ φόβῳ, τὸν δὲ δῆμον ὁρῶσα οὐκ ἀναινόμενον ὑπ᾽ ἀνδρὸς ἀγαθοῦ ἄρχεσθαι. ὁ δ᾽ οὔτε τῶν δημάρχων ἐπαινεῖν ἔφη τὸ ἀπαραχώρητον τῆς ἐξουσίας οὔτε αὐτὸς εἰς ὁμοίαν ἐκείνοις ἥξειν διαβολήν.

  [3] For the senate attempted to retain him in the consulship, using many entreaties, because the tribunes for the third time had so managed that they did not have to lay down their office; for they were confident that he would oppose the tribunes and make them drop their new measures, partly out of respect and partly out of fear, and they also saw that the populace did not refuse to be governed by a good man.

  [4] συναγαγὼν δὲ τὸν δῆμον εἰς ἐκκλησίαν καὶ πολλὴν κατηγορίαν τῶν οὐκ ἀποτιθεμένων τὰς ἀρχὰς διαθέμενος ὅρκους τε διομοσάμενος ἰσχυροὺς περὶ τοῦ μὴ λήψεσθαι πάλιν τὴν ὑπατείαν, πρὶν ἀποθέσθαι τὴν προτέραν ἀρχήν, προεῖπεν ἀρχαιρεσίων ἡμέραν: ἐν ᾗ καταστήσας ὑπάτους ἀπῄει πάλιν εἰς τὸ μικρὸν ἐκεῖνο καλύβιον καὶ τὸν αὐτουργὸν ἔζη βίον ὡς πρότερον.

  [4] But Quintius answered that he not only did not approve of this unwillingness on the part of the tribunes to give up their power, but he would not himself incur the same censure as they had. Then he called an assembly of the populace, and having inveighed in a long speech against those who would not resign their magistracies, and taken solemn oaths with reference to his refusal to take the consulship again before he had retired from his first term, he announced a day for the election; then on the appointed day having named the consuls, he returned to that little cottage of his and lived, as before, the life of a farmer working his own land.

  [1] Κ
οίντου δὲ Φαβίου Οὐιβολανοῦ παρειληφότος τὴν ὑπατείαν τὸ τρίτον καὶ Λευκίου Κορνηλίου καὶ τελούντων πατρίους ἀγῶνας Αἰκανῶν ἄνδρες ἐπίλεκτοι πλῆθος ἀμφὶ τοὺς ἑξακισχιλίους ὁπλισμῷ τ᾽ εὐζώνῳ συνεσταλμένοι καὶ ἐν νυκτὶ ποιησάμενοι τὴν ἔξοδον σκότους ἔτι ὄντος ἐπὶ πόλιν ἀφικνοῦνται Τυσκλάνων, ἥ ἐστι μὲν τοῦ Λατίνων ἔθνους, ἀφέστηκε δὲ τῆς Ῥώμης οὐκ ἔλαττον σταδίων ἑκατόν.

  [20.1] Quintus Fabius Vibulanus (for the third time) and Lucius Cornelius having succeeded to the consulship and being employed in exhibiting the traditional games, a chosen body of the Aequians, amounting to about six thousand men and lightly equipped, set out from their confines by night and came, while it was still dark, to the city of Tusculum, which belongs to the Latin race and is not less than a hundred stades distant from Rome.

  [2] εὑρόντες δὲ ὡς ἐν εἰρήνῃ πύλας τε ἀκλείστους καὶ τεῖχος ἀφύλακτον αἱροῦσι τὴν πόλιν ἐξ ἐφόδου μνησικακοῦντες τοῖς Τυσκλάνοις, ὅτι τῇ Ῥωμαίων πόλει τά τε ἄλλα μετὰ προθυμίας συμπράττοντες διετέλουν, καὶ [p. 37] ἐν τῇ πολιορκίᾳ τοῦ Καπιτωλίου μόνοι συνήραντο τοῦ

  [2] And finding the gates not locked and the walls unguarded, it being a time of peace, they took the town by assault, to gratify their resentment against the Tusculans because these were always zealously assisting the Romans and particularly because they alone had aided them in their struggle when they were besieging the Capitol.