Kennedy
Page 107
The most comprehensive farm legislation since 1938, expanding marketing orders, farm credit, crop insurance, soil conservation and rural electrification
The first accelerated public works program for areas of unemployment since the New Deal
The first major amendments to the food and drug safety laws since 1938
The first full-scale modernization and expansion of the vocational education laws since 1946
A temporary antirecession supplement to unemployment compensation
The first significant package of anticrime bills since 1934. plus a new act on juvenile delinquency
The first major additions to our National Park System since 1946, the provision of a fund for future acquisitions, and the preservation of wilderness areas
A doubling of the water pollution prevention program, plus the first major attack on air pollution m. The most far-reaching tax reforms since the New Deal, including new investment tax credit
Major expansions and improvements in Social Security (including retirement at age sixty-two for men), library services, hospital construction, family farm assistance and reclamation
The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution, outlawing poll taxes (required ratification by states instead of the President’s signature)
The Community Health Facilities Act
The Communications Satellite Act
The Educational Television Act
NOTE: This listing is restricted to measures advanced as well as initiated by John F. Kennedy and thus omits the War on Poverty Bill of 1964. While he was not present to sign approximately one out of six of the measures listed above—including such important measures as civil rights and tax reduction—and while President Johnson skillfully facilitated their passage, the Democratic and Republican leaders of both houses have stated publicly that these measures, too, would have passed the Eighty-seventh Congress had Kennedy lived in—and view of his role in formulating and forwarding them—properly belong in his record.
APPENDIX B
Selected Milestones in the Presidency
of John F. Kennedy
1961
January
Inaugurated
February
Proposes measures to end recession and gold outflow
March
Launches Alliance for Progress
April
Takes responsibility for Bay of Pigs landing
May
Pledges U.S. space team on moon before 1970
June
Meets Khrushchev in Vienna
July
Augments combat troop strength to meet Berlin crisis
August
Denounces Soviet breach of nuclear test moratorium
September
Challenges Soviets to “peace race” at UN
October
Calls for national program to combat mental retardation
November
Grants exclusive interview for publication in Russian newspaper Izvestia
December
Renews American commitment to Vietnamese independence
1962
January
Calls for new Trade Expansion Act
February
Proposes U.S.-Soviet space cooperation following Glenn orbital flight
March
Announces resumption of nuclear testing in absence of treaty
April
Seeks rescission of steel price increase
May
Increases economic stimulants in wake of stock market slide
June
Announces Geneva Conference agreement on neutral Laos
July
Otlines Atlantic Partnership in “Declaration of Interdependence”
August
Pledges 1963 reduction of taxes to boost economy
September
Sends troops to fulfill court order of desegregation at University of Mississippi
October
Imposes quarantine to force withdrawal of Soviet missiles inCuba and rushes aid to India under attack from Red China
November
Issues Executive Order against racial discrimination in Federal housing
December
Concludes Nassau agreement on NATO nuclear fleet with British Prime Minister Macmillan
1963
January
Hails reunification of Congo through U.S.-supported UN effort
February
Initiates series of policy reviews following De Gaulle’s block of European unification
March
Confers with all Central American heads of government on combating Cuban subversion
April
Takes first of a series of actions to prevent a nationwide rail strike
May
Seeks end to racial strife and discrimination in Birmingham, Alabama
June
Speaks at American University on test ban and peace, to nation on civil rights, to Berliners and other Europeans on U.S. commitment
July
Announces conclusion of nuclear Test Ban Treaty
August
Meets with leaders of Washington march supporting his civil rights proposals
September
Calls at UN for further U.S.-Soviet cooperation, including joint moon mission
October
Authorizes negotiations for sale of American wheat to SovietUnion
November
Initiates emergency assistance program for destitute areas of eastern Kentucky
INDEX
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.
A
Abel, Rudolf, 517
Academic Advisory Committee, 388, 406
Acheson, Dean, 255, 256, 270, 271, 288, 334, 391, 571, 583, 584, 589, 590, 598, 675, 705, 719
Adams, John Quincy, 67, 289, 755
Adams, Sherman, 232, 238, 261, 262, 281
Adenauer, Konrad, 331, 541, 554, 559, 569, 570, 572, 578, 581, 584, 596-597, 598, 686, 705, 715, 720, 734
Adoula, Premier, 533, 638
Adzhubei, Aleksei, 515, 517, 552, 556, 598, 613n.
Adzhubei, Mrs. Aleksei (Khrushchev), 556
AFL-CIO, 52–53, 438, 439
Africa, 646, 662
“Africa for Africans,” 538, 539
Agar, H. S., 62, 67
Agency for International Development, see AID
agriculture, 237, 741, 742
Agriculture Act (1961), 742
AID, 288, 350, 452, 530–531, 532, 534, 539
Air Force, 612
Air Force Academy, 605
Air Force Association, 739 “Air Force One,” 367, 520, 601, 731
air strike (Cuba), 684, 685, 686, 687, 691, 692, 693–694, 696, 713, 714, 715, 716
Alabama, 478, 479, 488–493
Alabama National Guard, 493, 502
Alabama, University of, 488–493
Albert, Carl, 355, 356
Algeria, 65, 228, 547, 571, 638
Allen, George, 204
Alliance for Progress, 533–540
Alphand, Hervé, 559, 561
Alsop, Joseph, 66, 165, 272, 315, 379
Alsop, Stewart, 315
American Bar Association Journal, 67
American Medical Association, 343–344, 439
American Nazi Party, 504
American Presidency, The, 392
Anderson, George, 608, 698
Anderson, Marian, 240
Anderson, Rudolf, Jr., 713
Angola, 533, 538
Annapolis, 55, 370
anti-missile missile, 621
Arab League, 540
Area Redevelopment Act, 404
Aristotle, 367
Armco, 456
armed forces Reserves, 480
“Armenian Radio,” 556n, 613n.
arms inspection, 518, 519, 728, 730, 733
Article VI, no-m Arvey, Jake, 53, 115
As We Remember Joe, 375
Asia Magazine, 581
ASNE, 144, 189
Atlanta (Ga.), 479
Atl´ntico (ship), 299
Attwood, 279
Australia, 647, 741
Austria, 548, 600
Autobahn (East Germany), 584, 587, 594, 598, 600, 745
Autobiography (Franklin), 100
Autobiography (Poling), 192
automation, 402, 441, 488
Ayub Khan, 664
B
B-26, 299
B-70, 390
Bacon, Robert, 2
Badeau, John, 54, 279
Baer, Howard, 101
Bailey, John, 82–83, 84, 87, 89, 117, 120, 171, 211
Bailey, Peter James, 190
“Bailey Memorandum,” 82–83, 127, 146, 217
Baker, Robert, 165
balance of payments, 405–412, 563, 570
Baldwin, James, 503
Ball, George, 236, 260, 280, 282, 287, 288, 289, 323, 395, 411, 566, 674, 679, 682, 691, 692, 734
Baltimore Sun, 316
Baring, Walter S., 260–261
Barkley, Alben W., 118
Barnes, Donald, 581
Barnett, Ross, 483–484, 486, 487–488, 707
Barry, John, 375
Bartlett, Charles, 36, 37, 315, 447, 457
Bartlett, Mrs. Charles, 37
Bartlett’s Quotations, 62
Batista, Fulgencio, 546
Battle, Virginia, 471
Bay of Pigs, 259, 268, 288, 294 ff., 399, 534, 542, 546, 605, 607, 613, 629–630, 631, 635, 644, 645, 652, 661, 669, 677, 681, 688, 708, 722
see also Cuba
Bean, Louis, 138, 146
Beck, David S., 53
Belgium, 635, 639
Belgrade Summit Conference, 538, 551, 620
Bell, David, 260, 263, 272, 288, 395, 407, 531
Benítez, José, 115
Benson, Ezra Taft, 171, 220, 276
Berger, Samuel D., 279
Berle, Adolf, 237, 287, 307, 534
Berlin, see East Berlin and West Berlin
Berlin crisis, 514, 548, 556, 562, 563, 564, 581, 626, 726, 742, 748, 756
Acheson and, 583–584, 589, 598
Adenauer and, 559, 596–597, 598
Adzhubei and, 598
and Autobahn, 584, 587, 594, 598, 600, 745
and Berlin Wall, 593–594, 595596, 600, 743
and children, 2
Clay and, 594–595
and Cuban crisis, 667, 668–669, 672, 677, 680, 681, 683, 686, 687, 689,690, 694, 699, 724, 725
deadlock over, 554
De Gaulle and, 561, 593, 597, 599
East-West split, 583
Eisenhower and, 585 “false climax” of, 589
and “floating depots,” 627
Freedman and, 591
and German peace treaty, 583, 585, 586
Gromyko and, 598, 599
Johnson and, 594
and Joint Chiefs of Staff, 587
and Khrushchev, 583
Lemnitzer and, 589
Macmillan and, 563, 599
McNamara and, 590
military build-up in, 409, 588–589, 595, 627–629
Murrow and, 591
and NATO, 587, 588, 591, 628
news conferences during, 325
Norstad and, 595, 596
and nuclear war, 548, 549, 550, 588
Ormsby-Gore and, 559
and Paris Summit Conference, 583
Rostow and, 595
Rusk and, 590, 598, 599
and surtax, 399
Taylor and, 591
Thompson and, 598
Ulbricht and, 586, 598, 599
and visit to Soviet Union, 552
and “Western Peace Plan,” 596
World War II and, 553, 583, 584
see also East Berlin and West Berlin
Berlin Wall, 593–594, 595–596, 600, 743, 749
Betancourt, Ernesto, 533
Bethlehem Steel, 453, 458, 462, 467
Big Steel, 319, 329, 390, 421, 435, 460, 757
Billings, K. Lemoyne, 23, 36
Birmingham (Ala.), 329, 489, 490, 491, 493, 502–503, 505
birth control, III
Bissell, Richard, 630
Black Muslims, 504
Blaik, Earl, 503
Blair, William McCormick, Jr., 85, 279
Blanshard, Paul, 364
Block, Joseph, 456
blockade of Cuba, 682, 683, 687–689, 691- 692, 694, 697, 698, 704, 711, 721
Blough, Roger, 445, 446, 447–448, 452, 453, 455, 457, 458, 459, 460, 462
Boggs, Hale, 356, 702
Bohlen, Charles, 46, 231, 256, 279, 542, 553, 674, 677
Bokaro steel mill, 537
Bolivar, Simon, 205
Bolivia, 689
Bolshakov, 554, 558, 668
Bolton, Frances, 742n.
bomb shelters, see shelters, bomb and fallout “bomber gap,” 624
Bond, James, 388
Bosch, Juan, 536
Boston, 20–21
Boston Globe, 87, 316
Boston Herald, 75, 77, 316
Boston National Historic Sites Commission, 44
Boston Post, 25, 46, 59, 78
Boutin, Bernard L., 277
Bowie, James, 190
Bowie, Robert, 288
Bowles, Chester, 98, 149–150, 151, 157, 170, 176, 205, 240, 252, 255, 256, 260, 271, 287, 288–290, 334
Boyd, Albert, 277
Boyle, Bernard J., 121
Bradlee, Ben, 36
Brandt, Willy, 576, 600, 697, 705
Brawley, Bill, 275
Brazil, 293, 708
Brewer, Basil, 74
Brewster, Owen, 46
Bricker Amendment, 62
Bridges, Harry, 170
Bridges, Styles, 66, 74
Brinkley, David, 212
Brogan, Denis, 63
Brookings Institution, 229, 230
Brown, Edmund G., 96, 124, 130, 148, 151, 155
Broyhill, Joel T., 260n. Bruce, David, 279, 565, 571
Bruno, Jerry, 172
Bryan, William Jennings, 252
Buchan, John, 14, 16
Buckley, Charles, 115, 124, 353
Buddhists, 657
Budget Bureau, 614
Bulganin, Nikolai A., 555
Bunche, Ralph, 260, 271
Bundy, McGeorge, 253, 256, 261, 262–263, 264, 270, 271, 282, 284, 287, 288, 294, 323, 324, 330, 372, 374, 386, 448, 542, 591, 604, 607, 622, 630,674, 679, 716, 717, 730, 731, 740, 756
Bunker, Ellsworth, 279, 580
Burden and the Glory, The, 375 Burke, Arleigh, 286, 296, 739
Burke, Edmund, 718
Burke, William H., 78, 79
Burma, 535, 631, 646, 661
Burns, James MacGregor, 4, 13, 27
Business Council, 502
Butler, Paul, 124 “By George McBundy,” 316
Byrd, Harry, 188, 219, 220, 222–223, 253, 345, 418, 420, 424, 425
Byrd, Robert, 141, 146
C
Calhoun, John C, 74
Cambodia, 640, 646, 652–653
Camelot, 387
Camp David, 377, 378
Canada, 575–576, 705, 741
Cannon, Clarence, 345, 431
Cape Cod, see Hyannis Port Capehart, Homer, 2, 66, 669, 674, 687
Capital Times, 136
Caplin, Mortimer, 237, 277
Caracas, 749
Carey, William R., 190
Caribbean Security Conference, 700
Caribe (ship), 299
Caroline (plane), 100, 101, 117, 135, 172, 202, 243, 249, 533
Carter, Marshall, 674, 675
Cary, William L., 277
Casablanca, 387
Casals, Pablo, 385
Cassini brothers, 388
Castro, Fidel, 183, 210, 533, 536, 686, 707, 711, 713, 716
and Bay of Pigs,
294, 302, 677, 681, 692
Khrushchev and, 546–547, 555, 720
and Latin America, 228, 297, 669, 671, 692
removal of, plans for, 306–308, 630, 670, 682, 683, 684, 693–694, 706, 723
retaliation of, 681, 683, 687, 721
see also Cuban crisis
Castro, Raul, 677
Catholic Review, 109
Catlin, George, 387
Celebrezze, Anthony, 265, 274
Celeste, Vincent, 77
Celler, Emanuel, 236, 500
censorship, III, 286, 364
Central Committee (Soviet), 730
Central Intelligence Agency, see CIA Chandler, Albert B., 96
Charleston Gazette, 146
Chayes, Abram, 118 “Checkers” speech, 196
“Chet Set,” 289
Chiang Kai-shek, 204, 541, 547, 661, 662
Chicago Sun-Times, 85, 316
Chicago Tribune, 316, 458
China, see Nationalist China and Red China
Christian Science Monitor, 52, 146
Christmas Island, 623
Church, Frank, 180
Churchill, Winston, 6, 169, 333, 512n., 560, 563, 596, 734
CIA, 205–206, 294 ff., 371, 372, 376, 532, 612, 630–631, 651, 659–660, 669, 670, 673, 674, 678, 706
Cincinnati, 180
Citizens Committee for a Nuclear Test Ban, 739
Citizens for Educational Freedom, 361
civil defense, 613–617, 708
civil defense shelters, see shelters, bomb and fallout
civil rights, 2, 17, 47, 48, 49–51, 150, 168, 172, 187, 470ff., 577, 578, 731, 753
Civil Rights Act, 51, 330–331, 333, 342, 496
Civil Rights Commission, 472, 474, 475n., 480, 488, 494
Civil Rights Message, 472, 494, 495
Civil Service Commission, 473
Civil War Centennial Commission, 477
Clark, Champ (James Beauchamp), 155
Clark, Joe, 236
Clay, Henry, 74, 163, 356