Kennedy

by Ted Sorensen

  Clay, Lucius, 347, 351, 594–595

  Clement, Frank, 81, 86

  Clemson University, 488

  Cleveland, Grover, 436

  Cleveland Press, 131

  Clifford, Clark, 69, 70, 229–230, 231, 254, 255, 457, 458

  Clifton, Chester, 607

  Coal Valley News, 142

  Coast Guard, 473

  coexistence, 514–516

  Cogley, John, 190

  Cohen, Wilbur, 118, 237, 274

  Cohn, Roy, 35

  Cold War, 228, 514, 521–522, 553, 643, 744, 757

  Cole, Charles W., 279

  Coleman, J. P., 103

  collective bargaining, 441, 459

  Collins, LeRoy, 96, 124, 321–322

  Colmer, William, 340, 361

  Cologne Cathedral, 581

  Colombia, 535, 536–537

  Colorado Fuel and Iron, 456

  Columbus, Christopher, 152

  Committee on Equal Opportunity, 497

  Common Market (EEC), 410–412, 561, 562, 566, 567, 570–571, 572

  Commonweal, 190, 363

  Communications Satellite Board, 439

  Communications Workers, 438

  Communism and Communists, 26, 210, 245, 351, 530, 532, 538, 539, 563, 573, 626, 634, 685, 727, 741

  and Berlin, 331–332, 515, 521, 561, 593, 601

  in Burma, 631–632

  and censorship, 286

  in civil rights groups, 503

  coexistence with, 514–516

  and collective farms, 402

  in Congo, 636

  in Cuba, 515, 536, 631–632, 670, 671, 684, 688, 689, 693, 698, 703, 719, 722, 726; see also Cuban crisis and De Gaulle, 562

  in Greece, 631–632

  and guerrilla warfare, 548, 631–632

  and Indonesia, 580

  in Katanga, 638

  kinds of, 510, 540

  and Khrushchev, 514, 515, 516, 625

  in Laos, 510, 631–632, 639, 641 ff.

  in Latin America, 510–511, 689

  in Malaysia, 631–632

  in the Philippines, 631–632

  in Red China, 516, 547, 631–632, 661

  and religion (JFK), 194

  and Soviet Union, 515, 516, 518, 529, 545–546, 625

  and space, 529

  trade policies toward, 540

  U Thant and, 709, 710, 712, 714, 720

  and UN, 523

  and USIA, 697, 704

  in Vietnam, 510, 631–632, 648 ff.

  and Western Europe, 570, 573, 627

  Zorin and, 706–707

  see also Bay of Pigs and Castro

  Community Relations Service, 497

  Conant, James B., 46, 335

  Confident Living, 188

  Congo, 228, 520, 522, 523, 531, 533, 549, 564, 565, 577, 617, 625, 634, 635–639

  Congressional Record, 67

  Connally, John, 39, 156, 164

  Connor, T. Eugene, 489, 490, 492

  Coolidge, Calvin, 183, 465

  Cooper, John Sherman, 44, 140

  Cooper, R. Conrad, 445, 446

  Corbin, Paul, 136

  Cornwell, Elmer, 325n.

  Corwin, Thomas, 67

  Costa Rica, 535

  Council of Economic Advisers, 323, 419, 423, 437, 444, 446, 449

  “counterforce,” 610

  counterinsurgency training, 632

  Cousins, Norman, 728, 729, 730

  Cox, Archibald, 53–54, 66, 118, 176, 179, 277, 466

  Craig, May, 326

  Crimea, 548

  Criswell, W. A., 363

  Crockett, Davy, 190

  Cromwell, Oliver, 6, 166n.

  Cromwell, Richard, 166n.

  Cuban crisis, 232, 319, 325, 329, 331, 354, 390, 429, 467, 515, 552, 563, 564, 575, 626, 638, 664, 717, 748, 752, 754, 756

  Acheson and, 719

  Adenauer and, 715

  air strike for, 682, 683, 684, 685, 687, 693–694, 695, 696, 697, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 721

  Barnett and, 707

  Bartlett—Stewart Alsop article on, 315

  and Berlin crisis, 667, 668–669, 672, 677, 680, 681, 683, 686, 687, 689, 690, 694, 699, 724, 725

  and blockade, 682, 683, 687–689, 694, 697, 698, 704, 711, 721

  Bundy and 673, 674

  Carter and, 675

  CIA and, 670, 673, 674, 678

  civil defense and, 708

  and communications, 279

  and Congress, 285

  and De Gaulle, 569, 697, 705, 715

  and diplomatic pressures, 682–683, 687, 694–695

  and “Disable, don’t sink” order, 708

  and Dobrynin, 667–668, 701

  Executive Committee and, 679, 701, 708, 709, 715, 720

  Fulbright and, 702

  Gromyko and, 690, 691

  and Guantánamo, 676, 681, 684, 697, 704, 705

  Halleck and, 702

  and hijacked plane, 510

  and “hot line,” 727

  and invasion, 682, 711–712, 714, 715, 716

  Joint Chiefs of Staff and, 674, 678, 684, 692, 697, 701, 705, 738

  Jupiter missile bases and, 691, 695–696, 712, 713

  Keating and, 670, 672, 707

  Kennedy, Edward, and, 701

  Kennedy, Robert, and, 679, 709, 714, 715

  Khrushchev and, 514–515, 529, 552–555, 600, 666–668, 691, 694, 709, 710, 712, 713, 714, 716, 717–718, 719, 720, 721, 724–725

  and Laos, 724

  and Latin America, 669, 671, 676, 677, 681, 682, 683, 687–688, 689, 692, 697, 700, 701–702

  Macmillan and, 705, 717, 719

  and Martin, 706

  McCloy and, 706

  McCone and, 716

  McNamara and, 673, 674, 678, 679, 696, 702, 710, 716, 722, 734, 738

  National Security Council and, 693, 701, 723

  NATO and, 705, 715

  Nixon and, 677

  OAS and, 669–670, 672, 675, 682, 686, 687, 688, 695, 697, 698–699, 704,706, 708, 721

  and Ormsby-Gore, 706, 710

  and quarantine, 705 ff.

  and Red China, 573

  Republican Party and, 205, 206, 216

  Rusk and, 681–682

  Russell, Bertrand, and, 706, 709, 710

  Russell, Senator, and, 702

  and SAC, 628, 675, 704, 739

  Schlesinger and, 706

  security measures for, 321–322

  and Skybolt, 565

  and Soviet equipment and personnel, 667 ff.

  and Soviet missiles, 2, 3, 482, 523, 629, 662, 667 ff.

  speeches on, 366, 703–704

  Stevenson and, 706–707, 714

  “surgical strike” for, 684, 687

  and Thompson, 706

  and U-2 flights, 519, 672, 674, 680, 698–699, 713, 723

  and UN, 667, 677, 678, 682, 684, 686, 688, 695, 696, 698, 704, 705, 706, 708, 714–715, 717, 719, 720, 721, 730, 732

  Cuban Families Committee, 303n.

  Cunningham, Bill, 77

  Curley, James Michael, 21, 72

  Curtis, Carl, 74

  Cushing, Richard Cardinal, 109, 113, 192, 244, 363, 367

  Custer, Gen. George A., 744

  Cyprus, 564

  D

  Daley, George P., 356–357

  Daley, Richard J., 87–88, 115, 124, 159, 207

  Dallas, 479, 749–751

  Dallas News, 335

  “Danny Boy,” 387

  Danville (Va.), 494

  Davids, Jules, 67

  Dawson, William, 252n., 471

  Day, J. Edward, 253, 254, 265, 275, 469

  Dean, Arthur, 288, 617, 618, 728

  “Decade of Development,” 531, 754

  decision-making, 281–285

  Decision-Making in the White House, 392

  Defense Intelligence Agency, 418

  deficit, 229

  deficit spending, 405

  De Gaulle, Charles, 230–231, 270, 279, 323, 375, 408, 409, 412, 436, 55
4, 559–562, 563, 569, 570–573, 578, 579, 581, 584, 593, 597, 599, 681, 686, 697, 705, 715, 720, 736

  Delaney, Jim, 361, 362

  “Democrat Looks at Foreign Policy, A,” 106

  Democratic National Committee, 172, 174, 475

  Denver Post, 220

  DeSapio, Carmine, 88, 124, 147, 150

  DeSautels, 356–357

  desegregation, 26, 102, 477–478, 479–480, 483 ff.

  De Valera, Eamon, 582

  devaluation, 407–408

  Dever, Paul, 86

  Dewey, Thomas E., 183, 207, 251

  Dickinson, Emily, 381

  Diefenbaker, John, 370, 575–576

  Diem, Ngo Dinh, 650, 651–653, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659–660

  Dienbienphu, 642

  Dillon, Douglas, 3, 252, 253–254, 265, 269, 271–272, 275, 280, 281, 282, 283, 391, 395, 399, 401, 407–409, 421, 422, 424, 425, 427, 428, 432, 454, 456, 459, 462, 464, 469, 473, 534, 674, 716

  Dillon, Mrs. Douglas, 281

  Dilworth, Richardson, 98, 151

  Dirksen, Everett, 149, 331, 350, 351–352, 498, 499, 736–737, 738, 739, 742

  “Disable, don’t sink,” 708

  DiSalle, Michael V., 88, 121, 124, 130, 131, 151, 161, 172

  disarmament, 517–519, 549, 562, 567, 623

  discrimination, racial, 470 ff.

  Disraeli, Benjamin, 560

  diversity, 539

  Dixon, Paul Rand, 454, 462

  Dobrynin, Anatoly F., 555, 598, 667–669, 690, 701

  Docking, George, 124, 148, 155

  Dodd, Tom, 115, 729

  Dolan, Joe, 116, 159

  domestic affairs, 509–510

  Dominican Republic, 293, 536

  Don Juan, 467n.

  Donahue, Richard, 171, 255, 356–357

  Donovan, James, 308n.

  Dorchester (S.S.), 192

  Douglas, Paul, 12, 86, 221, 237

  Douglas, Stephen A., 198

  Douglas, William O., 31, 425

  Douglass, Frederick, 473

  Dulles, Allen, 291, 630

  Dulles, John Foster, 65, 230, 270, 284, 288, 295–296, 538, 545, 548, 559, 596, 639

  Dungan, Ralph, 53–54, 56, 255, 264

  Dunn, Finley Peter, 63

  Durkin, Martin P., 252

  Dutton, Fred, 283n., 289

  E

  East Berlin, 293, 583, 593, 594, 595

  East Carrol Parish (La.), 479 East Germany, 293, 562, 583, 584, 587, 588–589, 590, 593, 594, 596, 599, 600, 601, 736

  Eastland, James O., 103

  Ebert, Mayor, 576

  Economic Club (NYC), 430, 468

  economic growth, 393 ff.

  Economic Message (1961), 397

  Ecuador, 689

  Edmondson, Howard, 114, 161

  education, 357 ff., 390, 403, 472, 479–480, 497–498

  Edwards, India, 39, 156, 164

  EEC, see Common Market Egypt, 228, 539

  Einstein, Albert, 20

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 75, 103, 163, 208, 212, 227, 232, 235, 238, 244, 252, 253, 304, 336, 468, 676, 701, 755

  and Adams, 281

  AID and, 350

  Allen, George, and, 204

  and Army strength, 66

  and balance of payments, 407

  Benson and, 171

  and budget, 414, 419–420

  Cabinet of, 254, 257

  and Catholic vote, 217–219

  and CIA, 295

  and Congo, 635–636

  and Congress, 340, 345, 346, 347

  contributions for, 173–174

  and Cuban crisis, 295, 391

  and defense, 602, 627

  and deficit, 425, 429

  De Gaulle and, 561–562

  and Democrats, 168, 170, 217

  Dillon and, 3

  and equal time, 196

  and “falling domino” theory, 644

  and farmers, 333

  and foreign policy, 176, 281, 413

  and Germany, 585

  and golf, 378

  and Great Britain, 566

  health of, 83, 462

  Hughes, Emmet, and, 5

  and incoming personnel, 233

  Kennedy attitude toward, 114, 183–184, 228, 314, 476, 499

  Khrushchev and, 231

  and Laos, 640

  and Massachusetts, 12, 74, 78

  and massive retaliation, 625

  and military-industrial complex, 416

  and missile gap, 610–611

  and national stockpiles, 317

  and NATO, 567

  Nixon and, 168, 169, 200, 207, 216–217, 558

  popularity of, 169, 214, 334, 335

  and Protestant vote, 218–219

  and Recession, 217

  Saltonstall and, 58

  and schools, 360

  and Soviet Union, 107, 549, 555

  and space program, 524

  and teamwork, 282

  and test-ban treaty, 738n.

  and Time magazine, 317

  and U-2 flight, 544

  and USIA, 322

  and Vietnam, 651–652

  and vote by religions, 217–219, 221–222

  Eisenhower, Mrs. Dwight D., 114

  Electoral College, 62n., 66

  Ellis, Frank, 613, 614

  Emancipation Proclamation, 497

  employment, 185

  Engels, Friedrich, 546

  England, 579, 755

  see also Great Britain

  equal rights, 26, 470 ff.

  Ervin, Samuel J., Jr., 501

  espionage, 549, 617

  see also U-2 flights

  Estes, Billie Sol, 276, 317

  European Economic Community, see Common Market

  Evers, Medgar, 496

  Ex Comm, see under National Security Council

  F

  “falling domino” theory, 644

  fallout, 621, 623

  fallout shelters, see shelters, bomb and fallout

  Farley, James A., 115, 155

  farm problems, 402–403

  Faubus, Orville, 159

  Fay, Paul B., Jr., 36, 249, 378

  Fayette County (Tenn.), 479

  FBI, 453–454, 460, 502–503, 750

  “featherbedding,” 441

  Federal Aid to Education Bill, 361

  Federal Bureau of Investigation, see FBI

  Federal Home Loan Banks, 397

  Federal Reserve Board, 217, 407, 423, 435

  Federal Trade Commission, 453

  Feldman, Myer, 176, 179, 189, 203, 248, 253, 264, 323, 701

  FEPC, 497, 498

  Ferguson, Homer, 66

  Fermi, Enrico, 26

  Fifth Amendment, 54

  filibusters, 342

  Finletter, Thomas K., 237, 279

  Finnegan, James, 81, 82

  “fireside chats,” 329

  “first-strike,” 609–610, 611, 621

  Fischer, John, 291 Fisher, Adrian, 734

  Fitzgerald, John F., 15, 36

  FKBW, 253

  Flanagan, Francis, 34

  Flanders, Ralph, 47, 48

  Fleming, Ian, 388 “floating depots,” 627

  Fomin, Aleksander, 712, 714

  Food-for-Peace, 280, 531, 534, 759

  Food Stamp program, 397

  “For Kennedy Before Wisconsin,” 253

  Ford, George L., 195

  Ford, Henry, 17

  foreign affairs, 509 ff.

  foreign aid, in, 350–351, 529–532, 759

  Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, 630

  Foreign Office, 555

  foreign policy, 528, 533–540, 605

  Foreign Relations Committee, 43, 96, 164

  Foreign Service, 473

  Forge of Democracy, 349

  Formosa, 289, 548, 625, 661, 662, 681, 707

  Formosa Resolution, 49

  Forrest County (Miss.), 479

  Fort Bragg (N.C.), 632

  Fortune magazine, 316

  Foster,
William, 518, 734, 737

  Fourteenth Amendment, 499

  Fowler, Henry, 237, 252–253, 277, 454, 456

  Fox, Charles James, 718

  Fox, John, 78, 79

  France, 566 ff., 570, 571, 573, 590, 597, 617, 650, 735, 736, 740, 741, 755

  see also De Gaulle

  Franck, Isaac, 240

  Frankfurt, 581

  Franklin, Benjamin, 100

  Freedman, Max, 591

  “Freedom Riders,” 478

  “freedom walk,” 493

  Freeman, Orville, 84, 154, 158, 165, 253, 257, 265, 273, 276, 277, 283, 333, 402–403, 740

  Freeman, Mrs. Orville (Jane), 277

  French-German Treaty of Friendship, 573

  French-Indochinese War, 654

  Freund, Paul, 50, 66, 273

  FROGs, 715

  Frost, Robert, 14, 64, 240, 244, 384, 398, 458–459, 669, 752

  Fulbright, J. William, 307, 501, 702

  fund-raising, 173–174

  Furcolo, Foster, 73, 76, 77, 263

  G

  Gagarin, Yuri, 524, 525, 544

  Gaitskell, Hugh, 576, 623

  Galbraith, Kenneth, 14, 118, 174, 176, 235, 240, 243, 249, 256, 261, 279, 290, 370, 372, 386, 388, 395, 406, 430, 433, 578, 664

  Gallo, Joey, 170

  Gallup, George, 107

  Gallup Polls, 193n, 209, 333, 352, 358, 463, 618, 745

  Garcia, Argemil Plazas, 537

  Garner, John Nance, 164

  Gaughan, Vince, 172

  Gavin, James, 118, 184, 279, 560

  General Assembly see under United Nations

  General Services Administration, 452

  Geneva Accords, 639, 647–648, 649, 650, 651, 652

  Geneva Conferences, 518, 618, 619, 623, 642, 646–648, 729

  German Democratic Republic, see East Germany

  Germany, 549, 554, 560, 562, 567, 571, 573, 579, 584, 667, 733

  Gettysburg Address, 240

  Ghana, 228, 268, 533, 537, 539, 636, 638

  “GI bill of rights,” 488

  Gilpatric, Roswell L., 277, 456, 604, 674, 694

  Gizenga, Antoine, 636, 637

  Glenn, John, 526, 528–529

  Goa, 537, 578–579

  gold reserves, 229, 405–407

  Goldberg, Arthur, 253, 265, 273, 275, 277, 283, 395, 398, 439, 440, 442,443, 444, 445–446, 447, 448, 449–450, 454, 456, 457, 458, 462

  Goldwater, Barry, 54, 55, 58, 168, 170, 207, 272, 324, 439, 505, 669, 739, 754

  “Good Neighbor Policy,” 533

  Goodwin, Richard, 66, 117, 176, 186, 253, 261, 289, 533, 534

  Gordon, Kermit, 263, 395, 420–421, 449

  Gordon, Lincoln, 237, 279

  Gore, Albert, 81, 88, 89, 90, 98, 271, 450

  Government Operations Committee, 46

  Graham, Billy, 143, 222, 235, 240, 364

  Graham, Philip, 165 “Grand Design,” 572

  Grant, U. S., III, 477

  Graves, Robert, 336

  Great Britain, 558, 560, 564–568, 570, 572, 591, 597, 647, 740