ata_and_Statistics/Quick_Stats_1.0/index.asp.
The American Veterinary Medical Association: Executive Summary of the AVA Response to the Final Report of the Pew Commission on Industrial Animal Farm Production, November 5, 2009, http://www.avma.org/advocacy/PEWresponse/.
“dangerous and under-informed recommendations…”: Ibid.
Medical assistance for dogs and cats: Personal communication with Andrew Rowan, October 10, 2010.
even if that means leaving particular animals to suffer:
The American Association of Swine Veterinarians: http://www.aasv.org/aasv/aasvisc.php says “Members of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians Industry Support Council provide financial support for the publication of The Journal of Swine Health and Production. The 2010 Council includes: Alpharma Inc., Bayer Animal Health, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Elanco, Harrisvaccines, Inc., Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, MVP Laboratories, Newsham Choice Genetics, Novartis Animal Health U.S., Inc., Pfizer Animal Health, PIC International.
The American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners: Position statement of the American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners, approved by board on July 15, 2007, available at http://www.aslap.org/ClassBDealers2007.pdf.
The American Association of Bovine Practitioners: Personal communication with AABP president Roger Saltman, January 3, 2010.
the AVMA sat on the sidelines: Stull, Caroline, et al., “A Review of the Causes, Prevention and Welfare of Non-Ambulatory Cattle,” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 231, no. 2 (July 15, 2007): 227–234.
The veterinary association has refused: “AVMA Takes No Position on Foie Gras, Opposes Database Mining,” Online Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, September 1, 2007, http://www.avma.org/onlnews/javma/sep07/070901f.asp.
And until just a few years ago: “AVMA Board Opposes Five of Six Resolutions Delegates Will Vote on in July,” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association News, June 15, 2003.
AVMA supported confining calves: McPheron, Tom, “AVMA Passes Ground-breaking Animal Welfare Policies,” American Veterinary Medical Association, press release, July 21, 2008.
Dosing the animals with these drugs: Office of Technology Assessment, Drugs in Livestock Feed. Vol. 1: Technical Report (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979), 41, www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk3/1979/7905/7905.PDF.
“now we’re seeing increasing numbers…”: Kristof, Nicholas, “The Spread of Superbugs,” New York Times, March 6, 2010.
“Even back then,” he writes: Kennedy, Donald, “Cows on Drugs,” New York Times, April 17, 2010.
The best-known public-health organizations: “Keep Antibiotics Working, The Campaign to End Antibiotic Overuse,” http://www.keepantibioticsworking.com; and Kennedy, “Cows on Drugs.”
Only one major medical group opposes: Ibid.; and AVMA Issue Brief on S619-HR.1549, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2009.
“Federal standards for farm animal welfare,”: Pew Charitable Trust, Putting Meat on the Table.
confinement systems are: Smith, Jeff, “Vets Group Takes Ethical Stance on Ballot Measure,” Modesto Bee, August 7, 2008.
and leaned hard on the CVMA: Personal communication with Jeff Smith, September 2008.
vehement opposition to federal legislation: Nolen, R. Scott, “U.S. Horse Slaughter Exports to Mexico Increase 312%,” Journal of the American Medical Association, January 15, 2008. Available at http://www.avma.org/onlnews/javma/jan08/080115a.asp.
Agriculture groups, led by the Farm Bureau: Skrinjar, Janelle, “Farm Bureau Blasts Horse Slaughter Ban,” Farm and Dairy, March 15, 2007. Available at http://www.farmanddairy.com/news/farm-bureau-blasts-horse-slaughter-ban/427.html.
If slaughter plants aren’t allowed: American Veterinary Medical Association, “Unwanted Horses and Horse Slaughter: Frequently Asked Questions,” September 5, 2008. Available at http://www.avma.org/issues/animal_welfare/
unwanted_horses_faq.asp.
tens of thousands of abandoned, unwanted horses: Ibid.
telling a congressional committee: Testimony of Dr. Douglas Corey, DVM, before a House Congressional Hearing regarding H.R. 503, A Bill to Amend the Horse Protection Act, 109th Congress, 2005–2006. July 5, 2006, p. 115.
Dr. Nicholas Dodman, a veterinarian: The testimony of Dr. Nicholas Dodman before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security, The Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008 & the Animal Cruelty Statistics Act of 2008, 110th Congress, July 31, 2008, p. 62.
“Any group or organization…”: Ibid.
Chapter Eight—The Humane Economy
Whales and dolphins have learned: “State of the Sanctuaries 2006 Accomplishments Report,” National Marine Sanctuaries, http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/sos2006/stellwagen.html; and Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies, http://www.coastalstudies.org/what-we-do/stellwagen-bank/baleen-whales.htm.
producing a kind of bill of particulars: Salt, Henry S., Animals’ Rights Considered in Relation to Social Progress (London: George Bell, 1892), 10, 114.
industrial whaling fleets slaughtered: Adams, Mark, Against Extinction: The Story of Conservation (London: Earthscan, 2004); and the United Nations Environmental Data.
We have now heard the “songs”: Payne, Roger, and Scott McVay, “Songs of Humpback Whales,” Science 173, no. 3997 (1971): 585–597; and Hildebrand, John, and Erin Oleson, “Behavioral Context of Call Production by Eastern North Pacific Blue Whales,” Marine Ecology Progress Series Journal 330 (2007): 269–284.
the famed Harvard economist Joseph Schumpeter: Schumpeter, Joseph A., Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, 5th ed. (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1942; London: George Allen and Unwin, 1976), chapter 7.
Matthew Sleeth, who himself grew up: Matthew Sleeth, interview by author, March 25, 2010; and Sleeth, Matthew, The Gospel According to the Earth (New York: HarperOne, 2010).
The prospect of seeing whales: Tourism New Zealand—The Official Website of the New Zealand Tourism Board, May 27, 2010, http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/press-releases/2010/5/tourism-news-whale-watch-award_press-release.cfm/.
as a nation generates more than $80 million: International Whaling Commission, Report of the Conservation Committee, 2010, IWC/62/Rep 4.
more than thirteen million people: O’Connor, S., R. Campbell, H. Cortez, and T. Knowles, Whale Watching Worldwide: Tourism Numbers, Expenditures and Expanding Economic Benefits, a special report from the International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth, MA, USA, prepared by Economists at Large, 2009; and Garret, Peter, speech given by Australia’s Minister for Environmental Protection during the International Whaling Commission meeting in Agadir, Morocco, June 21–25, 2010.
a gusher in Titusville, Pennsylvania, in 1859: PBS; “Who Made America?,” http://www.pbs.org/wghb/
theymadeamerica/whomade/drake_hi.html; and Giddens, Paul H., The Early Days of Oil (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1948).
a thriving global watching industry: O’Connor et al., Whale Watching Worldwide.
younger generations of Norwegians and Japanese: “Big Three Fisheries Companies Say No to Re-Entering Business of Commercial Whaling,” Asahi Shimbun, June 13, 2008.
rebuffing lobbying by the Safari Club International: Mbaria, John, “Law on Culling Could Promote Game Hunting,” The Nation, March 15, 2007, http://www.bushdrums.com/news/index.php?shownews=865; and “Will Kenya Learn from Its Southern Neighbors?,” African Indaba e-Newsletter 2, no. 6 (November 2004): 8–9, http://bigfivehq.com/no2–6.pdf.
The market for ecotourists dwarfs: Leonard, Jerry, “Wildlife Watching in the U.S.: The Economic Impacts on National and State Economies in 2006,” http://library.fws.gov.pubs/nat_survey2006_economicvalues.pdf.
Whale meat is stockpiled: Japan, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries monthly statistics on frozen marine product stockpiles, www.maff.go.jp.www/info/bunrui/bun06.html#tsuki4.
wildlife wat
ching is officially: Leonard, “Wildlife Watching in the U.S.”
Recent studies on the concept of “cognitive mapping”: Sawa, Kosuke, J. Kenneth Leising, and Aaron P. Blaisdell, “Sensory Preconditioning in Spatial Learning Using a Touch Screen Task in Pigeons,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, Animal Behavior Processes 31, no. 3 (2005): 368–375; and Tolman, Edward C., “Cognitive Maps in Rats and Men,” Psychological Review 55, no. 4 (1948): 189–208.
These commercial operators: Cea, John, “Alternatives for Nuisance Animal Disposal,” Animal Damage Control 4, no. 1 (1996): 11–12; and Dr. John Hadidian, interview by author, Gaithersburg, Maryland, July 13, 2010.
“We are about at the point…”: Dr. John Hadidian, interview by author, Gaithersburg, Maryland, July 13, 2010.
a co-op board abruptly decided to destroy the nest: Lueck, Thomas J., “New York Celebrities Evicted on Fifth Ave., Feathers and All,” New York Times, December 8, 2004, pp. B1, B3.
Some planned communities, such as Harmony: Florida Sustainable Communities Network, Smart Communities of Avalon Park and Celebration; and Harmony, http://www.harmonyfl.com; Congress for New Urbanism, http://www.cnuflorida.org.
first rule of intelligent thinking: Leopold, Aldo, Round River (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 145–146.
their product of choice is OvoControl: Friess, Steve, “Feeling Pooped by Pigeons, Cities Try Bird Birth Control,” AOL News, July 2, 2010.
but the alternative is far worse: Dr. John Hadidian, interview by author, Gaithersburg, Maryland, July 13, 2010.
using the vaccine to control elephant populations: “HSI Announces New Elephant Immunocontraceptive Method,” August 31, 2010, http://www.humanesociety.org/news/
press_releases/2010/08/
hsi_announces_new_elephant_contraception_083110.html; and Rutberg, Allen T., and Rick Naugle, “Testing the Effectiveness of One-Shot Immunocontraceptives on White-Tailed Deer at Fripp Island, South Carolina—2008 Progress Report to the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and the Fripp Island Property Owners Association,” February 2, 2009, http://www.fipoa.org/fyi_files/FIdeerReport08.pdf.
Researchers Jay Kirkpatrick and John Turner: Kirkpatrick, Jay F., “Management of Wild Horses by Fertility Control: The Assateague Experience,” National Park Service Scientific Monograph, No. 26 (1995): 60.
“fast disappearing from the American scene”: The Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971—Public Law 92–195, http://www.wildhorsepreservation.com/resources/theact.pdf.
rescued by Cleveland Amory: Amory, Cleveland, Ranch of Dreams, The Heart-warming Story of America’s Most Unusual Animal Sanctuary (New York: Penguin Publishing, 1997), 56–91.
the agency has swamped the system: Lombardi, Kristen, “BLM Fights to Keep Secret Names of Ranchers with Grazing Permits,” Sunlight Foundation Reporting Group, April 21, 2010; and Committee on Natural Resources, Legislative Hearing, The Restore Our American Mustangs Act, H.R. 1018, March 3, 2009.
the captive population of wild horses: U.S. Government Accountability Office, Bureau of Land Management, Effective Long Term Options Needed to Manage Unadoptable Wild Horses, October 2008, pp. 44–45.
Gary Michelson has pledged $75 million: “The Michelson Prize and Grants in Reproductive Biology,” http://www.foundanimals.org/index.php/About-Michelson/the-michelson-prize.html.
approaches have lowered annual: The Humane Society of the United States, “Common Questions about Animal Shelters,” October 26, 2009, http://www.humanesociety.org/animal_community/
resources/qa/common_questions_on_shelters.html.
chemicals have been routinely: U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 158.500; and International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use; European Union Regulation No 1907/2006 on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH).
Estimates are that ten to twenty million: Taylor, K., N. Gordon, G. Langley, and W. Higgins, “Estimates for Worldwide Laboratory Animal Use in 2005,” Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 36 (2008): 327–342.
the animals are rarely given: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals (Paris, France: OECD), http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/serial/
20745788;jsessionid=136mnajj661qm.delta; ICH Test Guidelines for the safety testing of human pharmaceuticals, http://www.ich.org/cache/compo/276–254–1.html; and VICA Test Guidelines for the safety testing of veterinary pharmaceuticals, http://www.vichsec.org/en/guidelines2.htm.
poisoning animals might tell us: European Parliament and Council, Regulation No. 1907/2006 on the Regulation, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), http://bit.ly/9mYso2; and The Humane Society of the United States, “EU Initiative to ‘AXLR8’ Move to High-Tech, Animal-Free Methods for Chemical and Drug Testing,” April 15, 2010, http://www.humanesociety.org/news/
press_releases/2010/04/axlr8_eu_initiative_041510.html.
new drug candidates have only: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Challenges and Opportunities Report (Washington, DC: Author, March 2004).
animal testing can be problematic: Fox, Maggie, “Government Labs Try Non-Animal Testing,” Reuters, February 14, 2008; and Weise, Elizabeth, “Three U.S. Agencies Claim to End Animal Testing,” USA Today, February 14, 2008.
Nicholson, a brilliant businessman: Bill Nicholson, interview by author, July 14, 2010.
Greg put an end to animal testing: “Amway Halts Animal Tests,” New York Times, August 22, 1989, Business Day section.
law does not even cover: Carbone, What Animals Want.
In 2008, in response to a campaign: European Commission, Letter of Commitment to the Parliament, May 5, 2008, Brussels.
Some experts believe: Weise, “Three U.S. Agencies.”
highly sophisticated computer-based approaches: Berg, Ninna, et al., “Toxicology in the 21st Century—Working Our Way Towards a Visionary Reality,” In Vitro Testing Industrial Platform, November 26, 2009; and Humane Society International, “EU Initiative.”
a conventional animal test: Billington, Richard, et al., “The Mouse Carcinogenicity Study Is No Longer a Scientifically Justifiable Core Data Requirement for the Safety Assessment of Pesticides,” Critical Reviews in Toxicology 40, no. 1 (2010): 35–49, http://bit.ly/9LX4Ds; NIEHS Fact Sheet No. 3–NTP–9/96, National Toxicology Program.
without any use of animals: Personal communication from Dr. Chris Austin, director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center.
with an additional $30–50 million: Personal communication with Andrew Rowan, October 6, 2010.
They went to Capitol Hill: Heilprin, John, “Shark Attack Victims Aim to Protect Sharks,” Associated Press, September 14, 2010.
Every year close to a hundred million sharks: O’Malley, Mary, The Shark Safe Network, 2009; and Ling, Lisa; “Shark Fin Soup Alters Ecosystem,” CNN, December 15, 2008, http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/12/
10/pip.shark.finning/index.html.
Embedded in the flesh: Conroy, Erin, “Netted Whale Hit by Lance a Century Ago,” Associated Press, June 12, 2007.
SEARCHABLE TERMS
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.
abolition, 51
Ackerman, Gary, 116–17
Adam (investigator), 99–104, 109, 115
adrenaline rush, 31
advertising, and food preferences, 273
Africa, animals depleted in, 17, 236
agriculture:
Big Agribusiness, 93, 116, 126–27, 279, 294–302, 304
crop rotation in, 297
family farms, 133, 297
fertilizers in, 297
government subsidies in, 297–98
green revolution, 297
industrial, see factory farms
introduction of, 38–39
new agriculture, 12
0, 126, 316
Pew report on, 302–3, 304, 308
profit motive in, 127, 130
Proposition 2 opposed by, 93, 119, 130–32, 131–33, 284
Agriculture Department, U.S.:
and animals used in research, 281–82
awards from, 103
creation of, 296
and dogfighting, 140, 146
and food safety, 102, 114, 116, 117–19
and horse slaughter plants, 12
and law enforcement, 102, 118
and meat industry executives, 108, 115
and puppy mills, 208, 215–17
slaughterhouse inspectors from, 100–101, 102–3, 108, 110–12, 114, 118
subsidies from, 298–301
Wildlife Services program, wildlife killed by, 250–51
Airborne Hunting Act (1971), 245
Akeakamai (dolphin), 71
Alaska:
aerial hunting in, 243–47
killing wolves in, 243–47, 248
tourism industry in, 244
Aldworth, Rebecca, 257–58
Alex (parrot), 66–68
Allard, Wayne, 166
Allen, Oscar “Virginia O,” 142, 143, 174
Alley Cat Allies, 203
Alliance for Contraception in Cats and Dogs (ACCD), 336, 337
The Bond Page 44