The Arden Shakespeare Complete Works

by William Shakespeare

Holderness, Graham, Shakespeare’s History, New York: St Martin’s Press, 1985.

  Howard, Jean E., and Phyllis Rackin, Engendering a Nation: A Feminist Account of Shakespeare’s English Histories, London and New York: Routledge, 1997.

  Rackin, Phyllis, Stages of History: Shakespeare’s English Chronicles, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1990.

  Ribner, Irving, The English History Play in the Age of Shakespeare, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1957. Saccio, Peter, Shakespeare’s English Kings, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.

  Sprague, Arthur Colby, Shakespeare’s Histories: Plays for the Stage, London: Society for Theatre Research, 1964.

  Tillyard, E.M.W., Shakespeare’s History Plays, London: Chatto and Windus, 1944.

  Criticism of the tragedies

  Berry, Philippa, Shakespeare’s Feminine Endings, London: Routledge, 1999.

  Booth, Stephen, ‘King Lear,’ ‘Macbeth,’ Indefinition, and Tragedy, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983.

  Bradley, A.C., Shakespearean Tragedy, 3rd edn, New York: St Martin’s Press, 1992.

  Brooke, Nicholas, Shakespeare’s Early Tragedies, London: Methuen, 1968.

  Danson, Lawrence, Tragic Alphabet: Shakespeare’s Drama of Language, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974.

  Dollimore, Jonathan, Radical Tragedy: Religion, Ideology, and Power in the Drama of Shakespeare and His Contemporaries, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

  Everett, Barbara, Young Hamlet: Essays on Shakespeare’s Tragedies, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

  Felperin, Howard, Shakespearean Representation: Mimesis and Modernity in Elizabethan Tragedy, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1977.

  Frye, Northrop, Fools of Time: Studies of Shakespearean Tragedy, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1967.

  Goldman, Michael, Acting and Action in Shakespearean Tragedy, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985.

  Knight, G. Wilson, The Wheel of Fire: Interpretation of Shakespeare’s Tragedies, 4th edn, London: Methuen, 1956.

  Liebler, Naomi Conn, Shakespeare’s Festive Tragedy, London: Routledge, 1995.

  Moila, Robert, Shakespeare’s Rome, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

  Muir, Kenneth, Shakespeare’s Tragic Sequence, London: Hutchinson, 1972.

  Sprengnether, Madelon, and Shirley Nelson Garner, eds, Shakespearean Tragedy and Gender, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.

  Hamlet criticism

  Alexander, Nigel, Poison, Play, and Duel: A Study in ‘Hamlet’, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1971.

  Calderwood, James L., To Be and Not to Be: Negation and Metadrama in ‘Hamlet’, New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.

  Clayton, Thomas, ed., The ‘Hamlet’ First Published (Q1, 1603): Origins, Form, Intertextuality, Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1992.

  Charney, Maurice, Style in ‘Hamlet’, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1969.

  Frye, Roland Mushat, The Renaissance ‘Hamlet’: Issues and Responses in 1600, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984.

  Kastan, David Scott, ed., Critical Essays on Shakespeare’s Hamlet, New York: G.K. Hall, 1995.

  Levin, Harry, The Question of Hamlet, 1959, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

  Prosser, Eleanor, Hamlet and Revenge, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1971.

  Rosenberg, Marvin, The Masks of ‘Hamlet’, Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1992.

  Othello criticism

  Adamson, Jane, ‘Othello’ as Tragedy: Some Problems of Judgment and Feeling, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.

  Calderwood, James L., The Properties of ‘Othello’, Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1989.

  Heilman, Robert B., Magic in the Web: Action and Language in ‘Othello’, Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1956.

  Jones, Eldred, Othello’s Countrymen: The African in English Renaissance Drama, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965.

  Rosenberg, Marvin, The Masks of ‘Othello’: The Search for the Identity of Othello, Iago, and Desdemona by Three Centuries of Actors and Critics, 1961, Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1992.

  Vaughan, Virginia, Othello: A Contextual History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

  King Lear criticism

  Colie, Rosalie L., and F.T. Flahiff, eds, Some Facets of ‘King Lear’: Essays in Prismatic Criticism, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974.

  Elton, William R., ‘King Lear’ and the Gods, Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1988.

  Heilman, Robert B., This Great Stage: Image and Structure in ‘King Lear’, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1948.

  Kronefeld, Judy, ‘King Lear’ and The Naked Truth: Rethinking the Language of Religion and Resistance, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1998.

  Lusardi, James P., and June Schuleter, Reading Shakespeare in Performance: ‘King Lear’, Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson, 1991.

  Mack, Maynard, ‘King Lear’ in Our Time, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1965.

  Rosenberg, Marvin, The Masks of ‘King Lear’, 1972, Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1992.

  Taylor, Gary, and Michael Warren, eds, Division of the Kingdoms: Shakespeare’s Two Versions of ‘King Lear’, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983.

  Urkowitz, Steven, Shakespeare’s Revision of ‘King Lear’, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1980.

  Macbeth criticism

  Bartholomeusz, Dennis, ‘Macbeth’ and the Players, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

  Brown, John Russell, ed., Focus on ‘Macbeth’, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982.

  Calderwood, James L., If It Were Done: ‘Macbeth’ and Tragic Action, Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1986.

  Jorgensen, Paul, Our Naked Fantasies: Sensational Art and Meaning in ‘Macbeth’, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1971.

  Paul, Henry P., The Royal Play of ‘Macbeth’, New York: Macmillan, 1950.

  Rosenberg, Marvin, The Masks of ‘Macbeth’, 1978, Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1992.

  Criticism of nondramatic poetry

  Baldwin, T.W., On the Literary Genetics of Shakespeare’s Poems and Sonnets, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1950.

  Booth, Stephen, An Essay on Shakespeare’s Sonnets, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.

  Bush, Douglas, Mythology and the Renaissance Tradition in English Literature, rev. edn, New York: Norton, 1963.

  Dubrow, Heather, Captive Victors: Shakespeare’s Narrative Poems and Sonnets, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

  Fineman, Joel, Shakespeare’s Perjured Eye: The Invention of Poetic Subjectivity in the Sonnets, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986.

  Hulse, Clarke, Metaphoric Verse: The Elizabethan Minor Epic, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981.

  Knight, G. Wilson, The Mutual Flame: On Shakespeare’s Sonnets and ‘The Phoenix and the Turtle’, Macmillan, 1955.

  Kreiger, Murray, A Window to Criticism: Shakespeare’s Sonnets and Modern Poetics, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1964.

  Leishman, J.B., Themes and Variations in Shakespeare’s Sonnets, 1961, New York: Harper and Row, 1966.

  Muir, Kenneth, Shakespeare’s Sonnets, London: Allen and Unwin, 1979.

  Vendler, Helen, The Art of Shakespeare’s Sonnets, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997.

  Glossary

  Abbreviations

  ?

  possible meaning

  adj.

  adjective

  adv.

  adverb

  cf.

  compare

  dial.

  dialect

  esp.

  especially

  Fr.

  French

  Gr.

  Greek

  int.

  in
terjection

  Ital.

  Italian

  Lat.

  Latin

  OE

  Old English

  prep.

  preposition

  sb.

  substantive

  Sp.

  Spanish

  v.

  verb

  ’a, a he

  a life on (my) life (an oath)

  abate blunt; beat; shorten; deprive; except

  abatement diminished amount; depreciation

  Abel see Cain

  abhor disgust; reject

  abide stay temporarily; withstand, stand up to; pay the penalty for (cf. aby)

  abject sb. servile person; adj. base, servile

  able empower

  abode sb. staying; v. forebode

  abortivesb. premature birth; adj. deformed, horrible

  abram auburn

  abridgement shortening; passing of time, entertainment

  abroad on the move; apart

  abrook bear, tolerate

  abruption interruption of speech

  Absey book introductory book, primer

  absolute perfect, complete, without limitation; determined

  abuse sb. deception; v. deceive

  aby pay the penalty for (cf. abide)

  abysm abyss

  accident incident

  accite cite, call up; excite

  accommodate equip

  accommodation provision, delicacy

  accomplice colleague

  accomplish equip

  accountant responsible

  accoutred dressed

  accusativo‘in the accusative case’ (Lat.)

  acerb bitter

  ache see H

  Acheron a river of the underworld

  achieve win

  Achilles’ spear spear able both to wound and to cure those wounds with its rust

  acknown aware, in the know

  aconitum wolf’s bane, a poisonous plant

  acquit pay back; free

  Actaeon hunter in myth who, seeing Diana bathing, was turned by her into a stag (creating connotations of cuckoldry, see horn) and hunted to death by his hounds

  action-taking taking legal action, litigious

  acture action

  Ad manes fratrum to our brothers’ spirits (Lat.)

  Adam fallen man, wickedness; Adam Bell, an archer in folklore

  adamant exceedingly hard metal; magnet

  adder’s sense see sense

  addiction propensity

  addition title granted in honour of some excellence

  address prepare

  admiral flagship

  admiration amazement, wonder

  admire wonder

  admittance admissibility, fashion

  adoptious bestowed

  Adsum here I am (Lat.)

  advantagesb. addition; interest; v. help, benefit

  adventure sb. risk; v. take a risk

  advertise make known, notify

  advertisement advice, admonition; news

  advice thought, reflection

  advised careful

  aedile Roman public officer

  Aeneas Trojan prince who carried his father, Anchises, out of burning Troy and became the lover of Dido (see Dido) before abandoning her to found the Roman state

  Aeolus god of the winds

  aery see eyrie

  Aesculapius god of healing

  affect sb. passion, appetite; affection; v. admire, have affection for, favour; impersonate, put on

  affectedly affectionately

  affection feeling, disposition, propensity; passion; affectation

  affeer’d assured

  affiance trust

  affined connected, bound

  affront sb. attack; v. come face to face with, meet

  affy affiance, betroth; place trust

  after in the manner of

  after-eye look after

  again back, reciprocally

  against before;in preparation for (when)

  agate jewel sometimes carved with a small figure

  Agenor father of Europa (see Europa)

  aglet-baby (?) baby dressed with aglets (tags attached to clothes); (?) aglet in the shape of a small figure

  agnize acknowledge

  a-hold close to the wind

  aidance help

  aim sb. conjecture, idea; v. conjecture; cry aim = applaud, cheer; give aim = observe an archer’s shots

  Aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse the ambiguous answer Apollo gave Pyrrhus when he enquired whether he would vanquish Rome (Lat.= ‘I affirm that thou, descendant of Aeacus, canst conquer the Romans’ or ‘I affirm that the Romans can vanquish thee, descendant of Aeacus’)

  Ajax Greek hero in the Trojan war

  alarm noise; attack; see alarum

  alarum call to arms

  Alcides Hercules (see Hercules)

  alderliefest dearest of all

  Alecto one of the Furies, mythological hags with serpents in their hair

  all amort downcast

  all hid the game of hide and seek

  all to altogether, utterly

  Alla nostra casa ben venuto, molto honorato signor mio Petrucio ‘Welcome to our house, my much-honoured Signor Petruchio’ (Ital.)

  Alla stoccato at the thrust (Ital.)

  allay sb. calming influence; v. detract from

  allegiant loyal

  All-hallond Eve Hallowe’en (31 October)

  All-hallowmas All Saints’ Day (1 November)

  All-hallown summer late season of fine weather

  allicholy, allycholy melancholy

  alligant Quickly’s word for either ‘elegant’ or ‘eloquent’

  allons‘let’s go’ (Fr.)

  allottery something allotted, share

  allowance acknowledgement; approval, praise; permission

  All-Souls’ day 2 November

  all-thing entirely

  Almain German

  alms-drink drink taken as charity

  alow see ’loo

  alter exchange

  Althaea Queen of Calydon who killed her son, Meleager, by burning a firebrand reserved for him by the Fates

  amain aloud; at speed

  amerce penalize

  ames-ace two aces thrown at dice, the lowest score

  an see and

  anatomize open up for inspection, dissect

  anatomy skeleton

  Anchises father of Aeneas (see Aeneas)

  anchor religious recluse

  ancient standard; standard- bearer; Ensign

  and if

  andirons props to support burning logs over a hearth

  angel spirit; English gold coin depicting the archangel Michael

  Anna sister of Dido (see Dido)

  annexment addition, appendage

  annothanize (?) see anatomize; (?) annotate

  annoy sb. torment, pain, injury; v. injure

  anon in a moment; till anon = until a little later

  Anthropophagi cannibals

  anthropophaginian cannibal

  antic sb. grotesque figure, fool; grotesque pageant; adj. in grotesque disguise, masked; v. make grotesque

  antre cave

  ape mimic; fool; leading apes in hell = traditional punishment of old maids

  Apollo god of song and music, of the sun, of healing and of the oracle at Delphi; he fell in love with Daphne who was transformed into a laurel as he chased her

  appaid satisfied

  apparently in open view

  appeach impeach, accuse

  appeal sb. formal challenge, accusation; v. impeach

  appellant formal challenger

  apple-john type of apple kept until shrivelled

  appliance compliance; service; treatment

  appointed equipped, armed

  appointment equipment; resolution; direction

  apprehensive possessing reason

  approof proof, proving; sanction

&n
bsp; approve prove; put to proof; be to one’s credit

  apt ready, inclined; probable, likely; impressionable

  aqua-vitae strong spirits

  Aquilon the North wind

  Arabian bird the phoenix, a mythical bird supposed to be unique

  arbitrament, arbitrement arbitration, decision

  arch lord

  argal see ergo

  argo see ergo

  argosy large trading vessel

  argument theme, subject of controversy; proof, demonstration

  Ariachne = Arachne, a weaver in mythology, metamorphosed to a spider

  Ariadne beloved of Theseus, who abandoned her

  Arion poet who charmed a dolphin into carrying him over the waves

  arm bear, carry

  arm-gaunt lean from bearing arms

  Armigero from the title ‘Armiger’ (Lat.), signifying entitlement to a coat of arms

  armipotent mighty in arms

  aroint thee, aroynt thee be off with you

  arras curtain of woven tapestry

  arrose sprinkle

  Arthur’s show an exhibition of archery given by an Arthurian society

  articulate negotiate terms; set forth in detail

  artificial relating to or skilled in any of the ‘arts’ (painting, medicine, witchcraft, etc.)

  artist learned man

  Ascanius son of Aeneas (see Aeneas)

  asinico little ass (Sp.)

  aspect gaze; image; (in astrology) planetary position

  aspersion sprinkling, with connotations of benediction

  aspicious Dogberry’s word for ‘suspicious’

  assay sb. attempt; challenge; trial; v. try, test out, make trial of

  assubjugate subdue

  assurance transfer of property; guarantee, security; betrothal

  assure betroth

  Astraea goddess of justice

  Atalanta maiden who outsprinted her suitors and put them to death

  Ate goddess of confusion and strife

  atomy atom, tiny particle; Quickly’s word for ‘anatomy’ (see anatomy)

  atone agree; set in agreement

  atonement agreement

  Atropos one of the Fates (see Fates)

  attach arrest

  attachment arrest

  attainder accusation, taint, disgrace