by Unknown
Church of S. Maria Egiziaca 256
ratios 148
Doric 360, 397
Ionic 146, 404
Capo Miseno 119
Caronica, Gregor 278
Carracci, Annibale 257, 337
caryatids
attic 312–13
bronze 334
Corinthian 313
Diogenes of Athens 63, 67
Fontana engraving for Natural History (Pliny the Elder) 312
casiddu or casella (stone behive house) 128
catafalque 360–61, 363, 368
Cavour, Camillo 355, 357
Caylus, Count de 342
Celer 121, 139
cenotaphs 389
Henry IV 399
Newton 387, 389–91, 395, 398, 410, 413 fn. 97, 418–19, 422
Vittorio Emanuele II 363
Cervantes, Miguel de 294–95
Chambers, Ephraim 407
Chambray, Roland Fréart de 332
chapels 339
Boniface IV 265
funerary pyramidal 391–92
Holy Spirit 375–76
S. Maria della Clemenza 265
St. Joseph of the Holy Land (San Giuseppe di Terra Santa) 38
St. Thomas 264–65
Woodland (South Stockhold Cemetery) 413
Chapter house 37, 324, 327–28, 367
Châtelet-Laumont, Marquis and Madame du (Gabrielle-Émilie de Breteuil) 387
Chédanne, Georges 7, 16, 43–44, 53–58, 60, 85, 99, 104, 124, 213
choir 341
S. Maria Rotonda 246–47
churches 383–84
diaconia (church distributing food to the needy) 253
Hexham (Wilfred) 238
Metropolitan 389, 395
presbytery 253
S. Adriano 241
S. Andrea 242–44
S. Cosmas 241
S. Damiano 241
S. Lorenzo fuori le mura 253
S. Maria Antiqua 241
S. Maria Egiziaca 255–56
SS. Apostoli 253
stational (church where pope held occasional services) 253
ciborium (canopy) 26, 257, 265, 269, 271, 336, 339, 346
altar 242, 257
S. Andrea 245
Cicero 66, 101
Cimabue 247
Claridge, Amanda 191
clay
alluvial 55
fluvial 55 fn.16
natural 169
Coarelli, Filippo 6
codices
Codex Barberinianus (Giuliano da Sangallo) 106, 273–74
Codex Coner (Volpaia) 274–75, 291, 307
Codex Escurialensis 259, 271
Turin Codex (Martini) 290–91
coffering 130 fn. 105, 136–37, 198, 227, 342
apse 38
design 286
lead 349
square 144 fn. 18
Colini, A. M. 209–10, 221–23
Colonna, Gerolamo 343, 345–46, 349
Colosseum 127, 153
columns 8–11, 29, 37, 213, 220–23, 297, 348
Alexander VII and Urban VIII 11
construction 188, 226, 303
decastyle (10 columns) 60
east portico 25, 322
giallo antico 337
granite 269–71
octastyle (8 columns) 60
Phocas (Forum Romanum) 234
porch, design 191
porphyry 249, 265
portico 60, 219 fn. 42, 302
Trajan 106, 122–23, 137
Comba, Enrico 130
Comparini, Pietro 44, 329, 365
concrete 54–55, 57, 110, 126
brick-faced 156–59, 166, 169
formwork 198–99
layered 153, 159, 198
lime-based 197
Confraternity of St. Joseph of the Holy Land 28, 38, 337, 353
consecration (consecratio) 75–76, 234, 296, 317, 334
Constantinople
Hagia Sophia 1, 23, 103, 115, 118
Hagios Soros 236
Studios 252
construction 20–21, 211, 226–27
See also individual structural elements
analysis 161–70
dating 79–98, 224
decorating and finishing 189
estimating 160–92
mandays 172–73, 181 fn. 32
manhours (assumptions underlying) 170–78
masonry technique 127–31
materials 126–27
scheduling 179–83
sequence 313
sources and parallels 132–59
structural distress 195
cracking 196–201, 203, 211
intermediate block 203–9
settlement 197, 203
superstructure 226
workforce 183, 190
working day 173
context 189–91
Coppino, Michele 357, 362, 375
Corelli, Arcangelo 38, 353
cornices 15, 118, 143, 161, 179, 213, 223, 288–89, 308, 336–42
Cozza, Lucas 76
Cozzo, Giuseppe 212
Cret, Paul Philippe 392–94
Crispi, Francesco 359–61, 378
criticism 348–53
cupola 67, 105–6, 113, 126
Cybele 25, 236, 282
d’Alembert, Jean le Rond, Encyclopédie 407
damage, physical 51, 62
collapse 25, 104, 115, 118
bronze doors 349
portico east end 194, 256
cracking 197 fn. 7
dome lead 343
fire 11, 297, 345
AD 80 7, 51 fn. 2, 62 fn. 31, 80–1
AD 110 81, 225
flooding 337, 373–74
lightning, AD 7, 81, 94–95, 110
settling 197 fn. 7
spoliation 26, 247, 271, 279, 298, 314–16
water 317
Darmstadt, S. Ludwig 382
Davies, Paul 191, 212–13
De Angelis d’Ossat, Guglielmo 124, 126, 130
De Blaauw, Sible 242
De Brosses, Charles 342
De Tournon, Comte Camille 329
Deism 383, 417–18
Del Guidice, Niccolò 338, 341, 353
del Vega, Perino 257
DeLaine, Janet 87, 91–94, 193, 226
Della Porta, Giacomo 41, 317, 320, 324
Demonzioso, Ludovico 313
Demora, Giambattista 366
Depretis, Augustino 367, 374–75
Desgodetz, Antoine B. 332–33, 351
Les édifices antiques de Rome, 332
design 2–3, 223
A-B-A compositional principle 146
dimensions 147–48
four main elements of 133
influences 133–59
Pantheon 10
“angelic,” 2, 34
parallels 141–59
proportion, Corinthian order 214 fn. 38
ratios 22–23, 148
Roman 23
scale 23
shape 4
significant elements of 141
sources 132–33, 141–59
symmetria 101
Desprez, Louis-Jean 399
DeVoragine, Jacobus 241 f. 31
Diderot, Denis, Encyclopédie 407
Dio Cassius, Lucius (Claudius) 6, 49–53, 67, 71, 77, 80–81, 96, 228–29, 313
Roman History 81
dome 2, 16–20, 99–131, 117–26, 133, 161, 196–98, 307–9, 342–48, 394, 416, 418
Agrippanean 313
apse, half- 243–44
bronze 123 fn. 73
centering 198–201, 228
coffered 17, 21, 28, 141, 143–44, 314
half- 385–87
proportions of 102
construction 121–31, 187–88, 227
decoration
S. Maria Rotonda 243
stucco 313–14
gilded bronze plates 247
half- 26, 149, 159
Mycenaean fals
e 128
plaster 123–26
pumpkin 153
ratios 148 fn. 34
span 160
Baths of Caracalla 194 fn. 1
clear 193
comparative 118
interior 194
Serapeum 150 fn. 38
step-rings 123 fn. 73, 126, 142, 148, 159, 167, 198
strength 159
tiles
bronze 296
lead 296
Domitian’s Palace 139
Domus Aurea (Golden House) 121, 127, 135, 139, 198
Octagonal Hall 119, 122, 129, 158
Domus Tiberiana (on the Palatine) 116
doors 25
see also concrete
bronze 47, 62, 253, 256, 317, 349
Dressel, Heinrich 7, 16, 43, 86, 213
drum 99–131, 106–17, 133, 161
chamber orientation 106–7
diaphragmatic 122, 126
higher than dome springing 201
windowless 141, 143
Dupérac, Etienne 25
Durand, J.-N.-L. 392
Durm, Joseph 112–13
eagle 76
eighteenth century 39–40
emperors
Antoninus Pius 82, 85
Augustus (Octavian) 5, 52–53, 360
Agrippa and 6, 45, 52–53, 76, 80
divinized 71, 76, 78
as new Romulus 69, 76
Caracalla 7, 83, 85
Charles V 293–95
Constans II 25, 247, 296, 314
Constantine the Great 231–32
Constantius II 77, 117, 231
Domitian 7, 51, 62, 81, 85, 282
Hadrian 7–8, 24, 43–44, 51, 81–82, 85, 190–92, 224–26, 378
Justinian 115
Nero 119
Colossus 191
Phocas 24, 233–34
Septimus Severus 7, 83, 85, 121, 139, 167
Theodosius II 247
Trajan 7–8, 23, 51, 90, 190–92, 225–26
Enlightenment 131, 384, 396–97, 407–8, 415
entablature 8, 15, 167, 215–16, 223
construction 188
entrance
hall (narthex ) 236
present 62
Ephesus, Temple of Diana 295
Eratosthenes 101
Eroli, Giovanni 40
Etlin, Richard 47
Euclid, Elements 100
excavations 7, 43, 209
1891–1892 7, 53–58, 86, 377
1997–1998 8, 58–63
exedrae (alcoves) 16–17, 29–30, 105, 125, 201, 227, 242–43, 339
arch 346
Basilica Ulpia 147
coffered 24
Forum of Augustus 65–66, 147 fn. 29
Maritime Theatre (Tivoli) 62
rotunda 113
Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia (Palestrina) 62
Trajan’s Baths 142–45, 147
semicircular 133
Tychaion 73
wooden roof 137
exterior 258–63, 304–5, 307
Fabbrica di San Pietro 343
Faenza, Antonio da 274–75
Falconieri, Ottavio 85
Falda, Giovanni Battista 328
Fea, Carlo 40, 85
figlinae (brickyard identification) 224
Filarete 181
Fine Arts Commission 372, 374–76
Fiorelli, Giuseppe 364–65
fireproofing 158
Flavian Ampitheater 169–70
floor.
See also pavement
paved 54
polychrome 7–8, 23
Florence 160, 267, 286
cathedrals 2, 193
S. Croce, tombs 353
S. Spirito 286–87
Fontaine, Pierre 392
Fontana, Carlo 312–13, 332–34, 336, 338–39, 342, 351
Fontana del Pantheon 41
fora
Augustus 67, 82, 147
Boarium 255
Mussolini 45, 329
Peace 145
Trajan 23, 95–96, 137, 145, 154, 171, 227
Vittorio Emanuele 352, 365
forecourt 57–58
foundation 65 fn. 42, 168–70, 179, 183–85, 226
depth 169
ratios 221 fn. 52
fountains 59, 320, 324
Four Rivers 41
Moses 320
Trevi 310
Frajese, Attilio 101
France, Chaux Cemetery 391
frescos 263–65
Friedrich Wilhelm, Imperial Prince of Germany 361
friezes 11, 105
relief carvings on 13–14
Galilei, Galileo 118
Galles, Philipp, King Josiah Destroys the Temple of Ashtoreth, Chemosh, and Milcom 293
Garibaldi, Giuseppe 354–55, 357, 370
Gasse, Louis-Sylvestre 392
Gay, C. 390, 392
geometry
architectural 63–64, 69, 99–131
elements 5
Gibbs, James 319, 342
Giornale de’ Letterati d’Italia 339, 342
Giovannoni, Gustavo 42 fn. 69, 47, 127–28
Girelli, Pietro Paolo 269
Gismondi, Italo 209–10, 221–23
Gisor, Alexandre-Jean-Baptiste Guy de 409
Godefroy, Maximilian 383–84
Godfrey, Paul 4
gold coins 2, 69, 282
Goldschmidt Scrapbook 279
Gondoin, Jacques 385, 388, 390–91, 397
Gori, Carmine 364–65
grading 320–22, 324, 328
granite 8
monolithic shafts of 141, 145–46, 167
Greece, Pantheion 4, 71
Gregorius, Magister 261
Narracio de Mirabilibus Urbis Romae 247
Gregorovius, Ferdinand 355
grottini (barrel-vaulted chambers) 161, 166–67, 180, 201–3, 211
construction 186–87, 226–27
levels 180, 201
Gruben, Doris and Gottfried 62, 64
Grüner, Andreas 72
Guey, Julien 224
Guiccioli, Alessandro 370
Harris, John, Lexicon technicum 407
Harvey, William, On the Movement of the Heart and Blood in Animals 384
Haselberger, Lothar 10, 216, 219 fn. 43
Heemskerck, Maarten van 293
Heene, Gerd 130
Heiberg, Johan Ludwig 102
Heilmeyer, Wolf-Dieter 95–97, 121, 225–26
Hemsoll, David 4, 191, 212–13
Hermann of Fritzlar 317
Hero of Alexandria 102
The Mechanics, 117–18
On Vaulting 117–18
Herostratus 295
Hetland, Lise 7, 16, 44, 182, 224–26
history, physical 7, 333
horologium (sundial, Ars Pacis) 77
Houël, J. P. L. 397
ideal versions 290–95
Illustrazione Italiana, L,’ 361, 374
Imperial Hotel 384
Infessura, Stefano 319
Ingen-Housz, Jan 385
inscriptions
architrave 82 fn 13, 83, 213, 231
entrance portal 379–80
frieze 363, 377–78
main bronze panel 376
oculus (proposed) 37
pediment 4, 7, 43, 62, 79–82, 213
Temple to the Earth 398
porphyry tub 261
portico 80 fn. 3
portico entablature 282, 314
rotunda lower story 278
tablets flanking rotunda doors 300
Unberto I 378
intercolumniation. 146, 216, 252, 258–60
Church of S. Maria Egiziaca 255
interior 263, 304, 307
design 99
domed 4
intermediate (transitional) block (avancorpo) 13–16, 22, 133, 161, 166–67, 180, 215–16
construction 185, 188, 227
portico and 209–11
with stairs 141
–43
Isidorus of Miletus 115, 118
Isili (near Barumini), Is Paras 129
Jefferson, Thomas 409–12
“More General Diffusion of Knowledge,” 409
Jomard, Jean-Nicolas 392
Jones, Inigo 309, 338
Joppolo, Giovanni 58
jurisdictional disputes 364–65
Kahn, Louis 393–95, 419, 422
Karlsruhe, S. Stephen 243–44, 382
kings
Carlo Alberto 370
Eumenes II 71
Friedrich II, of Prussia (Frederick the Great) 381
Louis XV (France) 409
Umberto I 44, 264, 359, 375, 378
Vittorio Emanuele II 44, 355, 357
mythologizing 368–70
symbolic of Italian unity 362
two bodies 377
Vittorio Emanuele III 378
Klenze, Leo von 359
Krautheimer, Richard 25
La Mettrie, Julien Offroy de, L’Homme-Machine 387
La Rocca, Eugenio 5
Lahure, Jean-Baptiste 397
Lancaster, Lynne 116, 130
Lanciani, Rodolfo 26, 57–58, 85–86, 149, 189, 225
Lateran Accords of 1929 44–45
Latrobe, Benjamin 396, 397, 410
Lattari, Francesco 358–59
Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent 385
Leclère, Achille 104, 204, 209
Ledoux, Claude-Nicolas 391
Legeay, Jean-Laurant 382
Lequeu, Jean-Jacques 397–98, 415
levels.
See also zones
ancient and modern pavement 8
chamber 104–5, 143
dome wall 104, 117, 142, 150, 152–53, 158, 180
higher 201
lower 109, 216
Lévi-Strauss, Claude 130–31
Lewerentz, Sigurd 413
Libanus of Antioch 72–73
Liber Pontificalis 233–34, 279
libraries 341 fn. 25, 407–16
Capuchin Monastery
Columbia University 411
National (France, project) 409
New York University University Heights 411
Philips Exeter Academy (Kahn) 393
Royal (France) 407 fn. 81, 408
Stockholm Public (Asplund) 412–15, 419
University of Virginia (Jefferson) 409–12
Licht, Kjeld De Fine 126, 133–35, 140, 161, 170
Ligorio, Pirro 278
lime 126, 183 fn. 37
see also mortar
slaking 183–85
lions, Egyptian granite 320
liturgy
papal 253
seasonal 150, 246, 254
stational 246, 254
Livy 51
Loerke, William 62
Lolli Ghetti, Mario 19, 45–47
London
St. Pancras Station 160
St. Paul’s 3, 160, 232
Westminster Abbey 399
Lucian of Samosata 104
Lupus, M. Rutilius 182
Luxembourg Palace 397
MacDonald, William 79, 104–6, 117, 122, 133–35, 139–40, 198–99, 380
Maderno, Carlo 35, 42, 299
Madonna
and Child
icon, seventeenth century 236–38