Twilight of Empire

by Greg King

  The collected writings and papers of Crown Prince Rudolf are held in the twenty-two boxes of Nachlass Kronprinz-Rudolf-Selekt, deposited as part of the Archiv des Kaiserlichen Hauses (Archive of the Imperial House) in the Haus-, Hof-, und Staatsarchiv in Vienna. Relevant citations to these materials are listed using the abbreviation HHS followed by the box number. In addition, through the generosity of Paul Slatin, we have been fortunate to utilize his grandfather Dr. Heinrich Slatin’s unpublished manuscript of May 21, 1929, detailing his experiences with the Mayerling tragedy (cited in the notes as Slatin, Abschrift).

  BOOKS

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  Bibl, Viktor. Kronprinz Rudolf: Die Tragödie eines sinkenden Reiches. Leipzig: Gladius Verlag, 1938.

  Bismarck, Otto von. Reflections and Reminiscences. New York: Harper, 1899.

  Bourgoing, Jean de. Briefe Kaiser Franz Josefs an Frau Katharina Schratt. Vienna: Oldenbourg, 1949.

  Brook-Shepherd, Gordon. The Last Empress: The Life and Times of Zita of Austria-Hungary. London: HarperCollins, 1991.

  Burg, Katrina von. Elisabeth of Austria: A Life Misunderstood. Swansea, Wales: Windsor Publications, 1995.

  Cantacuzène, Julia, Princess. My Life Here and There. Boston: Scribner’s, 1923.

  Cassels, Lavender. Clash of Generations: A Habsburg Family Drama in the Nineteenth Century. London: John Murray, 1973.

  ______.The Archduke and the Assassin: Sarajevo, June 28, 1914. New York: Stein and Day, 1984.

  Channon, Henry. The Ludwigs of Bavaria. London: Methuen, 1933.

  Chapman-Huston, Desmond. Bavarian Fantasy: The Story of Ludwig II. London: John Murray, 1955.

  Chlumecky, Leopold von. Erzherzog Franz Ferdinands Wirken und Wollen. Berlin: Verlag für Kulturpolitik, 1928.

  Cone, Polly, ed. The Imperial Style: Fashions of the Hapsburg Era. New York: Rizzoli, 1980.

  Cornwallis-West, Mrs. George. The Reminiscences of Lady Randolph Churchill. New York: Century, 1908.

  Corti, Egon Caesar, Conte. Elisabeth, Empress of Austria. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1936.

  ______, and Hans Sokol. Der Alte Kaiser. Vienna: Styria Verlag, 1955.

  Crankshaw, Edward. The Fall of the House of Habsburg. New York: Viking, 1963.

  Defrance, Oliver, and Joseph van Loon. La Fortune de Dora: Une petite fille de Leopold II chez les nazis. La Rochelle, France: Racine, 2013.

  Der Polizeibericht: Mayerling: Authentische Darstellung des soeben aufgefundenen Originalaktes des K. K. Polizeipräsidiums Wien No. 1 Reservat 1889. Vienna: Wilhelm Frick Verlag, 1955.

  Eisenmenger, Victor. Archduke Franz Ferdinand. London: Selwyn & Blount, 1928.

  Ernst, Otto. Franz Josef, As Revealed by His Letters. London: Methuen, 1927.

  Feigl, Erich. Kaiserin Zita, Von Österreich nach Österreich. Vienna: Amalthea, 1986.

  Ffoulkes, Maude. My Own Past. London: Cassell and Company, 1915.

  Fontenoy, Marquise de (pseudonym of Marguerite Cunliffe-Owen). Within Royal Palaces. Philadelphia: Hubbard Publishing, 1892.

  ______. Secret Memoirs of William II and Francis Joseph. 2 vols. London: Hutchinson, 1900.

  Franzel, Emil. Crown Prince Rudolph and the Mayerling Tragedy: Fact and Fiction. Munich: Verlag Herold, 1974.

  Friedrich, Lars. Das Mayerling Sammelsurium. Books on Demand, 2009.

  Freisler, Camilla. Letters from Mayerling. Heiligenkreuz, Austria: Heiligenkreuzer Verlag, 1973.

  Fugger, Nora, Princess. The Glory of the Habsburgs: The Memoirs of Princess Fugger. London: George G. Harrap & Co., 1932.

  Grant, Hamil, ed. The Last Days of Archduke Rudolph. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1916.

  Graves, Armgaard Karl. The Secrets of the Hohenzollerns. New York: A. L. Burt, 1915.

  Greene, Graham. The Third Man. London: Penguin, 1996.

  Gribble, Francis. The Life of the Emperor Francis Joseph. London: Eveleigh Nash, 1914.

  Gruber, Clemens. Die Schicksalstage von Mayerling. Vienna: Verlag Mlakar, 1989.

  Hamilton, Lord Frederic. The Vanished Pomps of Yesterday. New York: George H. Doran, 1921.

  Hamann, Brigitte, ed. Majestät, ich warne Sie.… Geheime und private Schriften. Munich: Piper Verlag, 1979.

  ______.The Reluctant Empress. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986.

  ______. Rudolf, Der Weg nach Mayerling. Vienna: Amalthea, 1988.

  ______. Rudolf: Kronprinz und Rebell. Vienna: Piper, 2005.

  ______, and Elisabeth Hassmann. Elisabeth: Stages in a Life. Vienna: Christian Brandstätter Verlag, 1998.

  Hanslick, Eduard. Aus meinem Leben. Berlin: Verein für Deutsche Literatur, 1894.

  Haslinger, Ingrid, and Gerhard Trumler. So lebten Die Habsburger. Vienna: Christian Brandstätter Verlag, 2007.

  Haslip, Joan. The Lonely Empress. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1965.

  ______. The Crown of Mexico. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.

  ______. The Emperor and the Actress: The Love Story of Emperor Franz Josef & Katharina Schratt. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1982.

  Hollaender, Albert. “Streiflichter auf die Kronprinzentragödie von Mayerling.” In Festschrift für Heinrich Benedikt, edited by Hugo Hantsch and Alexander Novotny, 129–166. Vienna: Verlag Notring der wissenschaftlichen Verbände Österreichs, 1955.

  Holler, Gerd. Mayerling: Die Lösung des Rätsels: Der Tod des Kronprinzen Rudolf und der Baroness Vetsera aus medizinischer Sicht. Vienna: Verlag Fritz Molden, 1980.

  Hough, Richard, ed. Advice to My Granddaughter: Letters from Queen Victoria to Princess Victoria of Hesse. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1975.

  Jászi, Oscar. The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1929.

  Judtmann, Fritz. Mayerling: The Facts Behind the Legend. London: George G. Harrap & Co., 1971.

  Ketterl, Eugen. The Emperor Francis Joseph I. Boston: Stratford, n.d.

  King, Greg. The Mad King: The Life of Ludwig II of Bavaria. Secaucus, NJ: Carol Publishing, 1995.

  ______, and Sue Woolmans. The Assassination of the Archduke: Sarajevo 1914 and the Romance That Changed the World. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2013.

  Kiszling, Rudolf. Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand von Österreich-Este. Cologne: Hermann Böhlaus, 1956.

  Kugler, Georg, ed. Kunsthistoriches Museum Wien. Vienna: Kunsthistoriches Museum Verlag, 1999.

  Kürnberg, Joachim von. A Woman of Vienna: A Romantic Biography of Katharina Schratt. London: Cassell and Company, 1955.

  Lambsdorff, Vladimir. Dnevnik (1886–1890). Moscow: Gosudarstvennoye Izdatelstvo, 1926.

  Lansdale, Maria Horner. Vienna and the Viennese. Philadelphia: Henry T. Coates & Co., 1902.

  Lardé, Enrique. The Crown Prince Rudolf: His Mysterious Life After Mayerling. Pittsburgh: Dorrance, 1994.

  Larisch, Countess Marie von. My Past. London: Eveleigh Nash, 1913.

  ______. My Royal Relatives. London: John Long, 1936.

  Lee, Sidney. King Edward VII: A Biography. 2 Vols. New York: Macmillan, 1927.

  Leehner, R. The Newest P
lan and Guide of Vienna. Vienna: Oldenbourg, 1911.

  Levetus, A. S. Imperial Vienna. London: John Lane, 1905.

  Listowel, Judith. A Habsburg Tragedy: Crown Prince Rudolf. New York: Dorset Press, 1978.

  Loehr, Clemens. Mayerling: Eine Wahre Legende. Frankfurt-am-Main: Ullstein, 1989.

  Lónyay, Carl. Rudolph: The Tragedy of Mayerling. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949.

  Mahaffy, R. P. Francis Joseph: His Life and Times. London: Duckworth, 1908.

  Marek, George. The Eagles Die: Franz Josef, Elisabeth, and Their Austria. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

  Margutti, Albert, Baron von. The Emperor Francis Joseph and His Times. London: Hutchinson, 1921.

  Markus, Georg. Crime at Mayerling: The Life and Death of Mary Vetsera: With New Expert Opinions Following the Desecration of Her Grave. Riverside, CA: Ariadne, 1995.

  ______, and Katrin Unterreiner. Das Original Mayerling-Protokoll der Helene Vetsera: “Gerechtigkeit für Mary.” Vienna: Amalthea, 2014.

  The Martyrdom of an Empress. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1899.

  Monts, Anton, Graf von. Erinnerungen und Gedanken des Botschafters Anton Graf Monts. Berlin: Verlag für Kulturpolitik, 1932.

  Morton, Frederic. A Nervous Splendor: Vienna, 1888–1889. Boston: Little, Brown, 1979.

  ______.Thunder at Twilight: Vienna, 1913–1914. New York: Scribner’s, 1989.

  Motley, John Lothrop. The Correspondence of John Lothrop Motley. 2 Vols. London: John Murray, 1889.

  Namier, Sir Lewis. Vanished Supremacies. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1958.

  Nemec, Vilem, and Jana Nemec-Jirak. Twenty-Five Years in Africa: The Beginning. London: Tate Publishing, 2011.

  Nikitsch-Boulles, Paul. Vor dem Sturm: Erinnerungen an Erzherzog Thronfolger Franz Ferdinand. Berlin: Verlag für Kulturpolitik, 1925.

  Nostitz-Rieneck, Georg von, ed. Briefe Kaiser Franz Josephs an Kaiserin Elisabeth, 1859–1898. Vienna: Herold Verlag, 1966.

  Oskar, Baron von Mitis. The Life of Crown Prince Rudolph of Habsburg. London: Skeffington, 1930.

  Paget, Walburga, Lady. Scenes and Memories. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1912.

  ______. Embassies of Other Days. 2 Volumes. London: Hutchinson, 1923.

  ______. The Linings of My Life. London: Hurst & Blackett, 1928.

  Paleologue, Maurice. The Tragic Empress: Intimate Conversations with the Empress Eugénie, 1901–1911. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1922.

  Palmer, Alan. Twilight of the Habsburgs: The Life and Times of Emperor Francis Joseph. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1994.

  Paoli, Xavier. My Royal Clients. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1911.

  Planitz, Ernst Edler von. Die volle Wahrheit über den Tod des Kronprinzen Rudolf von Öesterreich. Berlin: Verlag H. Piehler, 1889.

  Pöldinger, W., and W. Wagner, eds. Aggression, Selbstaggression, Familie und Gesellschaft: Das Mayerling-Symposium. Vienna: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

  Polzer, Wilhelm. Die Tragödie des Kronprinzen Rudolf. Graz: Verlag Oskar Karinger, 1954.

  Polzer-Hoditz, Count Arthur. The Emperor Karl. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1931.

  Ponsonby, Sir Frederick, ed. The Letters of the Empress Frederick. London: Macmillan, 1928.

  Praschl-Bichler, Gabriele. Kinder Jahre Kaiser Karls. Vienna: Amalthea, 2014.

  Radziwill, Princess Catherine. My Recollections. New York: James Pott Company, 1904.

  ______.The Austrian Court from Within. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1917.

  ______. Secrets of Dethroned Royalty. New York: John Lane, 1920.

  Rappoport, Angelo. Leopold the Second, King of the Belgians. London: Hutchinson, 1910.

  Recollections of a Royal Governess. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1916.

  Redlich, Joseph. Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria. New York: Macmillan, 1929.

  Richter, Werner. Kronprinz von Österreich. Zurich: Eugen Retsch, 1941.

  Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary. Travels in the East. London: Richard Bentley and Son, 1984.

  ______. Notes on Sport and Ornithology. London: Gurney & Jackson, 1889.

  Rumbold, Sir Horace. The Austrian Court in the Nineteenth Century. London: Methuen, 1908.

  ______. Final Recollections of a Diplomatist. London: Edward Arnold, 1905.

  ______. Francis Joseph and His Times. New York: Appleton, 1909.

  ______. Recollections of a Diplomatist. London: Edward Arnold, 1902.

  Ryan, Nellie. My Years at the Austrian Court. London: John Lane, 1915.

  Salvendy, John T. Royal Rebel: A Psychological Portrait of Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria-Hungary. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1988.

  Schad, Martha, and Horst Schad, eds. Marie Valerie: Das Tagebuch der Lieblingstochter von Kaiserin Elisabeth von Österreich. Munich: Langen Müller, 1998.

  Schiel, Irmgard. Stephanie: Kronprinzessin im Schatten der Tragödie von Mayerling. Munich: Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, 1978.

  Sinclair, Andrew. Death by Fame. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999.

  Society Recollections in Paris and Vienna. London: John Long, 1907.

  Sokop, Brigitte. Jene Gräfin Larisch. Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, 1985.

  Stephanie, Princess of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Hungary. I Was to Be Empress. London: Nicholson & Watson, 1937.

  Strong, George V. Seedtime for Fascism: The Disintegration of Austrian Political Culture, 1867–1918. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1998.

  Sulzberger, C. L. The Fall of Eagles. New York: Crown, 1977.

  Swistun, Hermann. Mary Vetsera: Gefährtin für den Tod. Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, 1983.

  Szeps, Bertha. My Life and History. London: Cassell, 1938.

  Szeps, Julius, ed. Politische Briefe an einen Freund, 1882–1889. Vienna: Rikola, 1922.

  Taylor, A. J. P. The Habsburg Monarchy, 1809–1918: A History of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1948.

  Taylor, Edmund. The Fall of the Dynasties. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1962.

  Thiele, Johannes. Elisabeth: Das Buch ihres Lebens. Munich: Paul List Verlag, 1996.

  ______. Crown Prince Rudolf: Myth and Truth. Vienna: Christian Brandstätter Verlag, 2008.

  Tschudi, Clara. Ludwig the Second, King of Bavaria. New York: Dutton, 1908.

  Tuchman, Barbara W. The Guns of August. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

  Tuscany, Princess Louisa of (Archduchess of Tuscany and Crown Princess of Saxony). My Own Story. Toronto: Musson, 1911.

  Unterreiner, Katrin. Emperor Franz Joseph: Myth and Truth. Vienna: Christian Brandstätter Verlag, 2006.

  ______. Crown Prince Rudolf: The Imperial Apartments of the Vienna Hofburg. Vienna: Schloss Schönnbrunn Kultur und BestriebsgesnbH, 2008.

  Vacaresco, Helene. Kings and Queens I Have Known. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1904.

  Van der Kiste, John. Windsor and Habsburg: The British and Austrian Reigning Houses, 1848–1922. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Alan Sutton, 1987.

  Vivian, Herbert, ed. Francis Joseph and His Court. New York: John Lane, 1917.

  Waddington, Mary King. My First Years as a Frenchwoman, 1876–1879. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1914.

  Watson, David. Georges Clemenceau: A Political Biography. London: Methuen, 1974.

  de Weindel, Henri. The Real Francis Joseph. New York: Appleton, 1909.

  Weissensteiner, Friedrich. Elisabeth: Die rote Erzherzogin. Vienna: Piper Verlag, 1982.

  Wilhelm II. The Kaiser’s Memoirs. New York: Harper, 1923.

  Wölfing, Leopold (Archduke Leopold of Tuscany). My Life Story: From Archduke to Grocer. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1932.

  Wolfson, Victor. The Mayerling Murder. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969.

  Woods, Frederick Adams. Mental and Moral Heredity in Royalty. New York: Henry Holt, 1906.

  Zweig, Stefan. The World of Yesterday. London: Pushkin, 2011.

  NEWSPAPERS

  Dates are referenced within the specific notes.

  Berliner Börsencourier, B
erlin.

  Berliner Tagblatt, Berlin.

  Corriere della Sera, Milan.

  Daily News, London.

  L’Éclair, Paris.

  Le Figaro, Paris.

  Le Gaulois, Paris.

  Le Journal, Paris.

  Journal des Débats, Paris.

  Kurier, Vienna.

  Le Matin, Paris.

  Neue Freie Presse, Vienna.

  Neue Illustrierte Wochenschau, Vienna.

  Neue Kronen Zeitung, Vienna.

  Neues Wiener Journal, Vienna.

  Neues Wiener Tagblatt, Vienna.

  New York Times, New York.

  Petit Parisien, Paris.

  Reichspost, Vienna.

  Revue Artistique Littéraire et Industrielle, Brussels.

  Der Spiegel, Berlin.

  Der Standard, Vienna.

  Die Stunde, Vienna.

  Le Temps, Paris.

  The Times, London.

  Wiener Morgenpost, Vienna.

  Wiener Montagspost, Vienna.

  Wiener Tagblatt, Vienna.

  Wiener Zeitung, Vienna.

  PERIODICALS

  Binion, Rudolph. “From Mayerling to Sarajevo.” Journal of Modern History 47, no. 2 (June 1975): 280–316.

  “Glimpses.” Royalty Digest 1, no. 1 (July 1991): 20.

  Ronay, Gabriel. “Death in the Vienna Woods.” History Today 58, no. 9 (September 2008): 52–60.

  WEBSITES

  Karmel Mayerling, at www.Karmel-Mayerling.org.

  Der Kriminalfall Mayerling ohne Mythos: Ein neuer Tatsachenbericht zum Tode von Kronprinz Erzherzog Rudolf von Österreich und Baroness Marie Alexandrine von Vetsera am 30. Januar 1889 in Mayerling (cited as Der Kriminalfall Mayerling), online manuscript by Lars Friedrich, at https://mayerlingarchiv.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/das-unredigierte-mayerling-manuskript-stand-03-11-2015.pdf.