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God's War: A New History of the Crusades

Page 128

by Christopher Tyerman


  Bohemund VII 1275–87

  Edessa

  Baldwin I of Boulogne 1098–1100

  Baldwin II of Le Bourcq 1100–1118

  Joscelin I of Courtenay 1119–31

  Joscelin II 1131–50

  (Joscelin III titular count 1150–88)

  Valois Dukes of Burgundy

  Philip the Bold 1363–1404

  John the Fearless 1404–19

  Philip the Good 1419–67

  Charles the Rash 1467–77

  Index

  Aaron of Mainz 102

  Abbo of Fleury, Passio sancti Edmundi 41

  Absolon, archbishop of Lund 681, 690

  Abu Ali Ibn Izz ad-Din, Syrian merchant 216

  Abu Shama, historian 414–15, 796

  Abu Sulayman Da’ud, Palestinian doctor 212

  Achard of Montmerle 27

  Acre 153, 205, 220, 223, 228, 237, 238, 353, 354–5, 372, 465, 520, 618, 643, 645, 717–18, 732

  commune of St Andrew at 726

  Council of (1148) 332

  massacre at (1191) 456–7

  siege of (1189–91) 354, 367, 395–6, 402–17, 428–30, 439, 442–3, 446–55, 473

  siege and fall of (1291) 706, 732, 818–22

  Adalia 327–8, 832

  Adam Haughton, chancellor of England 911

  Adela, countess of Blois 117, 122, 141, 171

  Adelarius of Fleury 39

  Adelisa of Sicily 207, 357

  Adhemar of Chabannes, chronicler 55, 68, 69–70, 80

  Adhemar, bishop of le Puy 60, 63, 64, 65, 75–6, 87, 93, 115, 116, 121, 130, 138, 141, 142–6, 148, 159, 163, 216

  al-Adid, Fatimid caliph of Egypt 349–50

  al-Adil, sultan of Egypt 451, 461, 463, 492–4, 547, 612, 636, 637, 643, 648, 725

  Adolf, count of Holstein 305–7, 679

  Aelfric of Cerne, abbot of Eynsham 40

  Lives of the Saints 40–41

  al-Afdal, son of Saladin 367

  al-Afdal, vizier of Egypt 128, 129, 141, 152, 155, 156, 160

  Afonso Henriques, king of Portugal 310–16

  Agincourt, battle of (1415) 456, 856, 912

  Agnes of Courtenay 209, 227, 357–62

  Aigues Mortes 780–81, 783, 811, 881

  Aimery of Limoges, patriarch of Antioch 193, 236, 346

  Aimery of Lusignan, king of Jerusalem 361–2, 371, 405, 444–5, 490, 492–4, 723, 724–5

  Ain Jalut, battle of (1260) 807

  Alacazar do Sol (Al-Qasr) 627–8

  Alan, lord of al-Atharib 192, 231

  Alan of Lille 380

  Alarcos, battle of (1195) 666

  Alberic of Trois-Fontaines 502

  Albert of Aachen (Aix), chronicler 60, 79, 92, 95, 98, 99, 104, 109, 157, 244, 246

  Albert ‘the Bear’, margrave of Brandenberg 307, 682

  Albert of Buxtehude, bishop of Riga 687, 690–93

  Albert Sürbeer, archbishop of Prussia and Riga 704–5

  Albigensian, definition of 576

  Alcantara, Order of 256, 667–8

  Alcuin of York 37

  Aleppo 12, 53, 187, 188, 189, 206, 268, 272, 329–30, 331, 344, 352, 353, 362, 636, 806

  Alexander II, pope 54–5, 56, 104, 660

  Alexander III, pope 210, 342, 682, 695

  Alexander IV, pope 696, 705, 806, 898

  Alexander VI, pope 698, 711, 871

  Alexander Nevsky, ruler of Novgorod 696

  Alexandretta 135

  Alexandria 238, 402, 515–16

  crusade to (1365) 831–4, 837

  patriarch of 4

  Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 12, 15, 21, 59, 61–2, 69, 72, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 96–9, 108–16, 118–22, 124, 125, 136, 147–8, 152, 172–3, 178, 193–4, 261–2, 325, 534, 537

  Alexius II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 517, 536

  Alexius III Angelus, Byzantine emperor 490, 509–10, 515, 536, 537–9, 544–7

  Alexius IV Angelus, Byzantine emperor 519, 520, 528, 532–3, 538–49, 553–4, 559

  Alexius V Ducas ‘Murzuphlus’, Byzantine emperor 549–54

  Alice of Jerusalem, princess of Antioch 191, 194, 200

  Alice of Jerusalem, queen of Cyprus 726, 727

  Alfonso I, king of Aragon 250, 253, 256, 664–5

  Alfonso V, king of Aragon and Naples 865, 866

  Alfonso VI, king of Leon-Castile 658–9, 660–61

  Alfonso VII, king of Leon-Castile 264, 313, 665

  Alfonso VIII, king of Castile 488, 666, 668–9

  Alfonso IX, king of Leon 666

  Alfonso X, king of Leon-Castile 671

  Alfonso-Jordan, count of Toulouse 196–7, 198, 277, 280, 290, 294, 295, 329, 330, 397, 580

  Alfred, king of Wessex 38, 41

  Aljubarotta, battle of (1385) 901

  Allenby, Edmund, British General 469, 771

  Almeria 304, 665

  Almohads 488, 494, 608, 612, 665–6, 668–9, 721

  Almoravids 13, 250, 263, 311, 661–2, 721

  Alp Arslan, Seljuk sultan 126–7

  Alphonse, count of Poitiers 601, 772, 775, 779, 781, 784, 786, 788, 808, 812

  Amadeus of Savoy, count of Maurienne 280, 289, 290, 298, 323

  Amadeus VI, count of Savoy 832

  his crusade 833, 843, 851, 852

  Amalfi 71

  hospital of in Jerusalem 180, 253

  Amalric, king of Jerusalem 201, 208–9, 212, 218, 223, 231, 236, 332, 337, 347–50, 357–8, 359

  Amaury of Montfort 563–6, 600, 757, 759, 765–6

  Ambroise, poet chronicler 351, 472–3

  Ambrose of Milan 29, 33–4, 173

  Americas, the 838, 910, 914

  Anacletus II, anti-pope 14, 248, 266

  Andrew II, king of Hungary 615, 626–7, 629, 635, 699

  Andrew of Longjumeau, OP 785, 786, 798

  Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 422, 517

  Andronicus II Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 838, 849

  Ankara, battle of (1402) 847, 856

  Anna Comnena 97, 111–12, 113, 114, 119–20, 147, 262, 537

  Alexiad 111–12

  Anse, synod of 171, 247

  Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury 49, 88, 236, 569

  Anselm, bishop of Havelburg 305, 307

  Anselm of Lucca 67

  Anselm, archbishop of Milan 170, 174

  Anselm of Ribemont 164, 172

  Antioch (in Syria) 12, 15, 53, 61, 119, 120, 122, 126, 129, 133, 136, 175, 403, 422, 427–8, 453, 534, 536, 806, 810

  Assises d’Antioche 729

  battle of 146–7

  Lake of, battle of (1098) 140

  patriarchate of 4, 193, 197, 323

  principality of 85, 111, 112, 149, 178, 187, 188, 189–96, 212–40, 273, 319, 323, 345–6, 354, 716, 721

  siege of (1097–8) 59, 80, 93, 117, 120, 132–48, 155, 163, 334

  apartheid 225–40

  Apocalypse, the 31, 247

  Arda of Edessa 202, 207

  Aristotle 32, 34

  Politics 32

  Armenians 118–19, 132, 134, 135, 141, 142, 227

  Arnaud Aimery, abbot of Cîteaux 581, 582, 583, 584–5, 587–92, 597, 669

  Arnold III, count of Aerschot 300, 308–17 passim

  Arnold, bishop of Lisieux 295

  Arnold of Lübeck, chronicler 392, 418, 492, 685

  Arnulf of Chocques, twice patriarch of Jerusalem 117, 145, 156, 160, 169, 204

  Arnulf, king of the East Franks 38

  Arpin, viscount of Bourges 175

  Arqah, siege of (1099) 142, 145, 150–53

  Arrabit, family of 228

  Arsuf 161, 179

  battle of (1191) 353, 439, 458–9

  Ascalon 157, 206, 330, 332, 335, 372, 722, 765, 768, 771

  battle of (1099) 60, 117, 140, 141, 160, 162

  capture of (1153) 344, 346

  and Third Crusade 456–71

  al-Ashraf Khalil, sultan of Egypt 732, 818–22

  Assassins, the, Shi’ite sect 128, 198, 199,
352, 466

  assise de l’an et jour 196

  assise des bourgeois 231, 729

  assise du coup apparent 223

  assise sur la ligece 205, 211, 223

  assises (laws) of Jerusalem 205, 213, 230

  Athena Promachos, Phidias’s statue of 548

  Athlit, Chêteau Pèlerin 628, 637, 645, 648, 722, 822

  Augustine of Hippo 29, 34–5, 38, 567, 583

  Autun, crusade vowsat (1095) 63

  Avars 36, 37

  Avis, Order of 256, 667

  Aymar, patriarch of Jerusalem 509, 721

  al-Azimi, Aleppan chronicler 81

  Al-Babayn, battle of (1167) 337, 348

  Bacon, Francis, on holy war 875

  Badr al-Jamali, vizier of Egypt 128

  Bahram, vizier of Egypt 225

  Baibars al-Bunduqdari, sultan of Egypt 351, 722, 728–9, 730–31, 797, 807, 813, 817

  Baghdad 2, 173, 175, 554, 806

  Abbasid caliphate, caliphs of 1, 12, 52, 53, 126, 188, 191, 195, 345, 348, 350, 353, 806

  Bagrat the Armenian 134

  Baha’ al-Din ibn Shaddad, writer and civil servant 235, 353, 384–5, 403, 406, 411, 414, 420, 442–3, 452, 456, 459, 464, 470, 472

  Balak of Aleppo 187, 265, 271

  Baldric of Borgueil, chronicler 93

  Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury 377–8, 381, 383, 385–7, 393, 395, 407, 428–30, 433, 435, 441

  Baldwin, intimate, perhaps lover, of Baldwin I 202

  Baldwin I, count of Edessa and king of Jerusalem 20, 82, 109, 111, 131–2, 134, 149, 161, 164, 178, 185–6, 187, 190, 195, 197, 200–205, 207, 254, 259, 357

  Baldwin II, emperor of Constantinople 556, 632, 762, 783

  Baldwin II, of Le Bourcq, count of Edessa and king of Jerusalem 109, 186–7, 188, 191, 194, 195, 200–201, 204–9, 221, 225, 228, 231, 264, 265, 267, 271, 346

  Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem 195, 201, 207, 208–9, 212, 216, 223, 231, 331–2, 334, 335, 345, 346–7, 357

  Baldwin IV, king of Jerusalem 209–11, 212, 227, 354, 356, 357–64

  leprosy of 210–11, 212, 356

  Baldwin V, king of Jerusalem 209, 236–7, 354, 361, 363–5

  Baldwin IX, count of Flanders, emperor of Constantinople 502–3, 505, 507–8, 509, 510, 516, 518–20, 525–6, 531, 542, 550, 554–6, 559, 613, 885, 888

  Baldwin of Ibelin 229, 359–60, 361, 365–6

  Baldwin of Marasch 235, 268

  Baldwin of Mons, count of Hainault 63

  Balian of Ibelin 229, 371, 372, 429, 472

  Balts, the 677, 685

  al-Bara 121, 138, 140, 149, 190

  Barbastro 660, 661

  Bari 11–12, 14, 55, 108, 112, 537

  Barisan (or Balian), founder of Ibelin family 221

  Barisan of Beirut 725

  Barkyaruq, Seljuk prince 128

  Basil II, the Bulgar Slayer, Byzantine emperor 11, 55, 535

  Bayeux Tapestry, the 76

  Bayezid I, Ottoman sultan 846, 851, 853, 856–7

  Bayezid II, Ottoman sultan 872

  Bayt Nuba 462–4, 467–9

  Beaufort, castle of 235, 404–5, 406, 407, 409, 415, 810

  Bede 36, 41

  Bedouin 4, 12, 226, 347, 356, 638

  Bedum, Frisia 618–19

  Beirut 153, 179, 221, 352, 372, 492, 495, 822

  Ibelin palace at 238, 718, 730

  Bela III, king of Hungary 419, 421, 434, 626

  Bela IV, king of Hungary 785

  Bela of Hungary 224

  Belchite, confraternity of 256

  Belgrade 96, 844

  defence of (1456) 837, 844, 866–9

  Belvoir, castle of 232, 372

  bathroom at 238

  Benedetto Accolti, chancellor of Florence and historian 829

  Benedict, saint 39

  Benedict VIII, pope 55

  Benedict XII, pope 830–31, 905

  Benedict XIII, anti-pope 854

  Benedict d’Alignan, bishop of Marseilles 719–20

  Benevento, battle of (1266) 898

  Benzo of Alba 69

  Berengaria of Navarre, queen of England 442–4, 450

  Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux 27–8, 68, 250–51, 252, 255, 257, 275–99, 304–5, 306, 310, 311, 337–8, 384, 489, 569, 580, 674, 678–80

  De consideratione 337–8

  De laude novae militiae 250–51, 255, 256, 277

  Bernard, count of Ploetzkau 293, 320

  Bernard Gui, inquisitor 602–3

  misrepresention of, in Umberto Eco’s Name of the Rose 602

  Bernard of Valence, patriarch of Antioch 193

  Bertha of Sulzbach, Byzantine empress 319

  Berthier of Orléans, poet and clerk 388–9

  Berthold, bishop of Livonia 488, 689–90

  Bertrada of Montfort, countess of Anjou 107

  Bertrand, acting count of Toulouse, count of Tripoli 196–7, 198

  Bertrand, claimant to county of Tripoli 198–9, 331

  Bertrand of Born, troubadour 575

  Bertrand du Guesclin 886

  Bertrand of Montcontour 86

  Bertrand du Poujet, legate 900

  Bertrandon de la Brocquière, Burgundian agent 828, 846, 859

  Bethgibelin 221, 224, 231

  Bethlehem 153, 155, 202, 207, 225, 231, 236, 336, 471, 740

  Béziers, massacre at (1209) 590–92

  Birger, king of Sweden 697

  Birger Jarl, Swedish crusader 697

  Blanche of Castile, queen of France 772, 780, 803

  Bodrum (Halicarnassus), St Peter’s castle at 884–5

  Bogomils, Balkan heretics 573–4

  Bohemia, kingdom of 9–10

  Bohemund, prince of Taranto and

  Antioch 14, 15, 59, 71, 76–7, 82, 93, 94, 110–14, 115, 119–20, 121, 130, 131–2, 136–7, 138–42, 145, 146–52, 161, 175, 178, 186, 190, 193–4, 197, 201, 203, 221, 234, 246, 258, 261–3, 537

  physical description of 262

  Bohemund II, prince of Antioch 191–2, 194, 195, 196, 200, 264, 267, 346

  Bohemund III, prince of Antioch 191, 346, 347, 348, 361, 403, 428, 492

  Bohemund IV, count of Tripoli, prince of Antioch 200, 492, 555, 716, 723

  Bohemund V, count of Tripoli, prince of Antioch 726, 785

  Bohemund VI, count of Tripoli, prince of Antioch 728, 806

  Bohemund VII, count of Tripoli 817

  Boleslav III, king of Poland 678

  Boniface III, marquis of Montferrat 504, 517–20, 525, 528, 531, 532–3, 538–9, 541–2, 547, 550, 554–5, 556, 588

  Boniface VIII, pope 842, 899

  Boniface IX, pope 854

  Bonizo, bishop of Sutri 47, 67

  Liber de Vita Christiana 47

  Boris, Hungarian claimant 321

  Boucicaut, Jean le Meingre, Marshal of France 707, 846, 856

  Bourges, assembly at (1145) 276–7, 278, 323

  Bouvines, battle of (1214) 595, 598, 615

  Bremen 398, 412, 414, 424, 430, 685, 689

  Brian FitzCount 168, 244

  Bridget of Sweden, saint 697

  Brindisi 118, 290, 323, 440, 520, 741, 744, 745, 746, 748, 762

  Bromholm, abbey of 558

  Bruno, bishop of Olmutz 706, 815

  Bruno of Segni, papal legate 261

  bula de la cruzada 655, 671

  Burchard, bishop of Worms 44

  Burchard, count of Vendôme 42, 43

  Bursuq of Hamadan 187, 191

  Byzantine church, union with Rome 538, 559–60, 815, 816, 838, 849–50, 862

  Byzantium, empire of 1, 4, 10–12, 21, 35, 49–50, 52–3, 68, 162, 181, 189–90, 191, 193–4, 195, 261–3, 265–6, 273–4, 290–91, 342, 349, 360, 496, 501, 509–10, 514–15, 533–8, 555–60, 830, 845–52

  Cadmus, Mt (Honaz Daghi), battle of (1148) 326–7

  Caesarea 153, 178, 179, 205, 220, 224, 233–4, 355, 628, 636, 722, 748, 807

  Caesarius of Heisterbach, theologian 479, 480

  Caffaro, Genoese chron
icler 180

  Calatrava, Order of 256, 667–8

  Calixtus II, pope 249, 253, 258, 265, 275, 664, 668

  Calixtus III, pope 865, 869, 871, 890

  Caltabellota, treaty of (1302) 899

  Canary Islands 838

  Canute, Danish duke 252, 264, 681

  Canute V, king of Denmark 305, 680, 681

  Canute VI, king of Denmark 377, 382, 690

  Carmelites, Order of 730

  Casal Imbert 222, 404, 726

  Castelnaudary 563–6, 596, 624

  Catalan Company, the 162, 850

  Cathars, Catharism 568–605

  Celestine III, pope 480, 488, 491, 666–7, 685

  Cerne, monks of 106

  Chanson d’Antioche, La 40, 84, 86, 246, 248

  chansons de geste 49, 50, 56, 245, 246

  Chanson des chétifs 236

  Charlemagne, king of the Franks, emperor 5, 36–7, 40, 68, 650, 908

  Charles IV, king of France 830

  Charles V, king of France 887–8

  Charles VI, king of France 852, 854, 858

  Charles VII, king of France 866, 909–10

  Charles VIII, king of France 872, 910

  Charles IV, king of Germany and Bohemia, emperor 887

  Charles V, king of Germany and Spain, emperor 671, 902, 910

  Charles of Anjou, king of Sicily 724, 731–2, 772, 795, 806, 807, 810–12, 815, 816, 817–18, 838, 849, 898

  Charles the Good, count of Flanders 207, 252

  Charles the Rash, duke of Burgundy 858, 861

  Châteaudun, crusade confraternity of 776

  Christian, bishop of the Prussians 699–700, 704

  Christian of Gistel 299, 300, 309–17 passim

  Christians

  Armenian 125, 193, 215, 226, 232, 849

  Coptic 126, 637

  Greek Orthodox 125, 192–3, 194, 225, 226, 231, 681, 684, 849–50

  Jacobite 125, 193, 225, 226, 232

  Maronite 125, 225, 226, 616

  Melkite 226, 616

  Mozarab 314, 315, 654, 660

  Nestorian 213, 226, 641, 642, 785

  ‘Syrian’ 204, 215, 224–5, 226, 231–2, 235

  Christine de Pisan, mystic and polemicist 909

  Chud-Peipus, Lake, battle of (1242) 696, 701

  Church reform movement of eleventh century 6–8, 45–7, 64, 68

  Cicero 32, 34

  Cilician Armenia 59, 126, 129, 131–2, 139, 149, 190, 194, 261, 319, 328, 427, 716, 723, 817, 826

  Cistercians, order of, and crusade 296, 381, 497, 499, 503–4, 588

  Clairvaux, abbey of 68

  Clement III, pope 441, 479, 481, 482

  Clement IV, pope 807, 809, 810, 896, 898

  Clement V, pope 706, 830, 841, 842, 879, 909

  Clement VI, pope 698, 889, 891

  Clement VII, anti-pope 900–901

  Clermont, council of (1095) 44, 58, 61, 62–74, 244, 248, 279, 386, 387, 655, 915

 

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