Liberated Spirits

by Hugh Ambrose

  5. Charles D. Hilles to Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, June 16, 1920, Folder 1324, Box 113, CHC; “New York Group Divided on Ticket,” New York Times, June 14, 1920, 1.

  6. Charles D. Hilles to Mrs. Charles H. Sabin, June 24, 1920, Folder 1324, Box 113, CHC.

  7. “Mrs. Charles H. Sabin Entertains 60 at Luncheon,” New York Tribune, July 12, 1920, 9.

  8. “Political Meeting Held in Mrs. Sabin’s Ballroom,” New York Tribune, July 16, 1920, 13.

  9. William H. Crawford, “A Big Woman Vote Seen by Mrs. Sabin,” New York Times, October 27, 1924, 8.

  10. “Wadsworth Won’t Debate or Retire,” New York Times, July 21, 1920, 6.

  11. “Leaders Decide Saratoga Slate Must Go Through,” New York Times, July 27, 1920, 1.

  12. “Wadsworth’s Dilemmas,” New York Times, July 25, 1920, 68.

  13. “Saratoga Leaders Plan Last Rites of Direct Primary,” New York Times, July 26, 1920, 1.

  14. Charles D. Hilles to Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, August 2, 1920; June 29, 1920; Folder 1326, Box 113, CHC.

  15. “Senator Wadsworth,” New York Times, July 26, 1920, 10.

  16. “Senator Wadsworth,” New York Times, July 26, 1920, 10.

  17. “Bids Women Aid Harding,” New York Times, August 3, 1920, 3.

  18. Elizabeth Kenney, “Denies Property Law Will Mean a Sex War,” Los Angeles Times, July 13, 1920, II1; “Shows Evil in Property Law Plans,” Los Angeles Times, September 30, 1920. II7.

  19. Myra Nye, “Shall We Have a Sex War?” Los Angeles Times, June 2, 1920, I14.

  20. L. H. Roseberry, “Hits Mooted Community Property Law as Peril,” Los Angeles Times, June 20, 1920, II12.

  21. “The Community Property Act,” Transactions of the Commonwealth Club, vol. XV, March 1920 to February 1921, 256–62.

  22. Edna Kinard, “Women and Men Battle Over Rights,” Oakland Tribune, March 4, 1919, 11.

  23. Mabel Walker Willebrandt and William J. Carr, “Proposed Measure Amending the Present Community Property Law,” Community Property Committee (Southern Section) of the Women’s Legislative Council of California, (undated, circa early 1920), John Randolph Haynes and Dora Haynes Foundation Collection, Special Collections, University of California at Los Angeles.

  24. Carrie Chapman Catt and Nettie Rogers Shuler, Woman Suffrage and Politics: The Inner Story of the Suffrage Movement, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1923, 439, 443–44, 452.

  25. Frank P. Doherty to Hiram Johnson, July 28, 1921, Folder 1, Box 33 (Doherty), Part III, HJP.

  26. “Miller Campaign Starts,” New York Times, August 26, 1920, 3.

  27. “Miller Denounces Article X. Here,” New York Times, September 19, 1920, 18.

  28. “Drop Fight on Wadsworth,” New York Times, September 20, 1920, 16.

  29. “Miller Lead, 64,014, 107 Dists. to Come,” New York Times, November 5, 1920, 2.

  30. Myra Nye, “Women’s Work and Women’s Clubs,” Los Angeles Times, October 24, 1920, III18.

  31. Edna Kinard, “Women and Men Battle Over Rights,” Oakland Tribune, March 4, 1919, 11.

  32. “Many Propositions Fail,” Los Angeles Times, November 4, 1920, I5.

  33. “The Community Property Act,” Transactions of the Commonwealth Club, vol. XV, March 1920 to February 1921, 257.

  34. Ostrander, The Prohibition Movement in California, 1848–1933, 140–47.

  35. “Republican Women Meet,” New York Times, November 5, 1920, 2.

  36. “Women Organize Committee to Forward Bills in Congress,” New York Times, November 23, 1920, 1.

  37. “Film Interests Begin War on Crusaders,” New York Tribune, December 12, 1920, 1.

  38. “Republican Women Accord Honor to Mrs. A. L. Livermore,” New York Tribune, December 16, 1920, 2.

  39. Women’s National Republican Club, http://www.wnrc.org/history.

  40. Strakosch, Avery, “A Woman in Law,” Saturday Evening Post, September 24, 1927, 194.

  41. Senator Hiram Johnson to Major Frank P. Doherty, March 5, 1921, Folder 1, Box 3, Part II, HJP.

  42. Hiram Johnson to Frank Doherty, June 24, 1921, Folder, 1, Box 3, Part II, HJP.

  43. Babcock, Woman Lawyer, 267.

  44. Frank P. Doherty to Senator Hiram Johnson, July 28, 1921, Folder: Shortridge, Samuel Morgan, Box 33, Part III, HJP.

  45. Babcock, Woman Lawyer, 247.

  46. “This Is the Opportunity of a Lifetime,” Mrs. Foltz to “Direct to You,” August 29, 1921, Folder: Foltz, Box 38, Part III, HJP.

  47. Ostrander, The Prohibition Movement in California, 160, 175.

  48. H. M. Daugherty, Attorney General, telegram to Mrs. Mabel Walker Wille-brandt, August 13, 1921, Folder: Daugherty, Box 31, Part III, HJP.

  49. “Federal Plum Is Awarded to Local Woman,” Los Angeles Times, August 17, 1921, Section II, 11.

  50. Dorothy M. Brown, Mabel Walker Willebrandt: A Study in Power, Loyalty, and Law, Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984, 47–48.

  Chapter 4

  1. First Deficiency Appropriations, House Bill 15848, 70th Cong., 2nd sess., Congressional Record 1905 (January 18, 1929).

  2. “Receives Official Word,” Seattle Times, July 28, 1921, 5.

  3. “Haynes Bars Politics,” New York Times, July 3, 1921, 12.

  4. “Bootleggers Must Go,” Seattle Times, August 20, 1921, 2.

  5. “Liquor Worth $35,000 Stolen,” Seattle Times, August 31, 1921, 1.

  6. “Six Men Are Found With Big Cache,” Seattle Times, September 11, 1921, 1.

  7. “Dry Agents on Trial Tuesday,” Seattle Star, April 4, 1921, 5; “Federal Prohibition Agents Go After Booze and Obtain Water,” Seattle Times, September 21, 1921, 4.

  8. “Counsel for Government Withdraws,” Seattle Times, October 20, 1921, 1, 7.

  9. Article, title unknown, New York Times, March 1, 1921, 12 and Article title unknown, New York Evening Telegram, March 2, 1921, as quoted in Jensen, Annette Abbott Addams, 197.

  10. Giglio, James N., H. M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency, Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1978, 127.

  11. “Woman Swayed by Logic,” Kansas City Star, September 5, 1921, 13.

  12. Avery Strakosch, “A Woman in Law,” Saturday Evening Post, September 24, 1927, 17.

  13. “Woman Here Is Appointed to Federal Place,” Los Angeles Times, August 27, 1921, section II, 10.

  14. Frank P. Doherty to Senator Hiram Johnson, August 29, 1921; Folder 1, Box 33, Part III, HJP.

  15. “Mrs. Mabel Willebrandt Wants No Publicity,” Berkeley Daily Gazette, August 31, 1921, 8.

  16. A friend to Mabel Walker Willebrandt, September 1, 1921, Folder: General Correspondence, Box 4, Mabel Walker Willebrandt Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (hereafter abbreviated as MWWP).

  17. “Urges Prison For Bootleggers Revelle Wants Laws Enforced,” Seattle Times, October 23, 1921, 1.

  18. William Whitney to Wesley Jones, November 23, 1928, Folder 13, Box 272, WJP.

  19. “Lyle Starts Campaign,” Seattle Times, October 27, 1921, 24.

  20. William Whitney to Senator Wesley Jones, May 31, 1927, Folder 3, Box 278, WJP; William Whitney to Wesley Jones, May 4, 1930, Folder 26, Box 13, WJP.

  21. H. A. Chadwick (editor and publisher of Argus) to Wesley Jones, July 23, 1930, Folder 31, Box 275, WJP.

  22. William Whitney to Senator Wesley Jones, May 6, 1926, Folder 31, Box 271, WJP.

  23. Exhibit A, Roy Lyle to Commissioner Haynes, September 5, 1925, included in a letter from William Whitney to James Yaden, dated November 27, 1927, forwarded by Whitney to Senator Jones on December 16, 1927, Folder 1, Box 272, WJP.

  24. “B.C. Rules Aid Liquor Smuggler,” Seattle Times, November 11, 1921, 1.

 
25. “Americans and Canadians Make Booze Restrictions,” Seattle Times, November 8, 1921, 9.

  26. “Housebreakers Find Profit in Booze Running,” Seattle Times, December 10, 1921, 3; “Canada to Stop Liquor Leak,” Seattle Times, December 21, 1921, 1.

  27. “US State Department May Take Hand in Booze Fight,” Seattle Times, January 4, 1922, 4.

  28. William Whitney to James Yaden, “Supplemental Answers: Exhibit C,” dated December 16, 1927, and attached to a cover note from William Whitney to Senator Wesley Jones, December 16, 1927, Folder 1, Box 272, WJP.

  29. “Building Owners to Get Rid of Bootleggers,” Seattle Times, January 25, 1922, 1.

  30. Nomination of Mabel Walker Willebrandt, 67th Cong., 2nd sess., Congressional Record 61 (September 22, 1921): 5737; Nomination of Mabel Walker Willebrandt, 67th Cong., 2nd sess., Congressional Record 61 (September 27, 1921): 5831.

  31. “Woman Swayed by Logic,” Kansas City Star, September 5, 1921, 13.

  32. Lower, A Bloc of One, 19.

  33. Liva Baker, The Justice from Beacon Hill: The Life and Times of Oliver Wendell Holmes, New York: HarperCollins, 1991, 465.

  34. “Mrs. C. H. Sabin Joins Lobbyists,” New York Times, February 1, 1922, 4.

  35. “Assembly Votes for Committeewomen,” New York Times, February 16, 1922, 2.

  36. Mabel Walker Willebrandt to David and Myrtle Walker, March 22, 1922, Folder: General Correspondence, Box 4, MWWP.

  37. Justus S. Wardell, as Collector of Internal Revenue v. James A. Blum et al., 258 U.S. 617 (1922)

  38. Alma Whitaker, “The Last Word,” Los Angeles Times, April 4, 1922, I18.

  39. Mabel Walker Willebrandt to David and Myrtle Walker, March 22, 1922, Folder: General Correspondence, Box 4, MWWP.

  40. Norman H. Clark, “Roy Olmstead: A Rumrunning King on Puget Sound,” Pacific Northwest Quarterly 54, no. 3 (July 1963), 91–92.

  41. “Transfers of Liquor Made from Ships at Sea,” Seattle Times, January 21, 1926, 1.

  42. “Finest Kind of Whiskey Brought in from Sound,” Seattle Times, May 19, 1922, 1.

  43. “Booze Ring Suspect in Jail Here,” Seattle Times, May 24, 1922, 1.

  44. “Discovery of Caches Described by Whitney,” Seattle Times, January 23, 1926, 1.

  45. “Little Giant Got $600 A Month, Says Testimony,” Seattle Times, January 28, 1926, 8.

  46. “Ex-Policeman Accused as Booze Gang Chief,” Seattle Times, June 8, 1922, 1.

  47. “To Fight Booze Wars,” Seattle Times, June 9, 1922, 5.

  Chapter 5

  1. “10,000 Cheer Pleas for Beer and Wine,” New York Times, May 4, 1922, 1.

  2. “Runners Sought Here,” Seattle Times, June 23, 1922, 4.

  3. “Federal Grand Jury Called,” Seattle Times, June 25, 1922, 2.

  4. “Liquor Expose Coming,” Seattle Times, July 6, 1922, 2.

  5. “Olmsted Free of Charges by Dry Officers,” Seattle Times, July 7, 1922, 1.

  6. “Olmsted Named Plot Chief; Revelle Outlines His Case,” Seattle Times, January 21, 1926, 1.

  7. “Women Will Not Debate,” New York Times, February 24, 1922.

  8. “Bans Radio Broadcast for Women’s Speeches,” New York Times, May 21, 1922, 18.

  9. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. to Pauline Sabin, May 24, 1922, Folder: 1922 S-Z 002, Container 12, Theodore Roosevelt (1887–1944) Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

  10. “Consumers’ League Meets,” New York Tribune, July 11, 1922, 11.

  11. “Consumers to Attack Blanket Equality Bill,” Washington Star, November 1, 1922, 1.

  12. “Platform Pleases Republican Women,” New York Times, September 29, 1922.

  13. “Republican Leaders Admit a Real Fight,” New York Times, October 11, 1922, 4.

  14. “Praises Miller’s Work for Welfare,” New York Times, October 22, 1922.

  15. “Miller Women Confident,” New York Times, November 6, 1922, 3.

  16. “Miller Is Relying on Votes of Women,” New York Times, November 7, 1922, 2.

  17. “The Result in New York,” New York Times, November 8, 1922, 11; “Republican Chiefs Admit Defeat Early,” New York Times, November 8, 1922, 5.

  18. Frank Doherty to Hiram Johnson, May 6, 1922, Part III, Box 33 (Doherty), Folder 3, HJP.

  19. Frank Doherty to Hiram Johnson, May 10, 1922, Part III, Box 33 (Doherty), Folder 3, HJP.

  20. Frank Doherty to Hiram Johnson, June 30, 1922, Part III, Box 33 (Doherty), Folder 4, HJP.

  21. Hiram Johnson to Mabel Walker Willebrandt, July 20, 1922, Part III, Box 3, HJP.

  22. James H. Pope to Mabel Walker Willebrandt, September 20, 1922, Folder: Correspondence between Pope and Mabel Walker Willebrandt, Box 3, James Harlan Pope Papers (Collection 752), Department of Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA (hereafter abbreviated as JHPP).

  23. Press Release, October 31, 1922, Folder: Sam Robinson, Box 4, MWWP.

  24. Margaret Smith, Secretary to Mabel Willebrandt, to Myrtle Walker, October 11, 1922, Folder: Family Papers, Box 2, MWWP.

  25. Diary, Mabel Walker Willebrandt, October 2, 1922, Folder: Diary, Box 3, MWWP.

  26. Diary, Mabel Walker Willebrandt, December 7, 1922, Folder: Diary, Box 3, MWWP.

  27. Mabel Walker Willebrandt to David and Myrtle Walker, December 25, 1922, Folder: General Correspondence, Box 4, MWWP.

  28. Hiram Johnson to Frank Doherty, January 2, 1923, Part III, Box 5, HJP.

  29. Frank Doherty to Hiram Johnson, January 8, 1923, Part III, Box 33 (Doherty), Folder 4, HJP.

  30. Mabel Walker Willebrandt to David and Myrtle Walker, March 20, 1923, Folder: Correspondence, Box 2, MWWP.

  31. James H. Pope to Mabel Walker Willebrandt, March 20, 1923, Folder: Correspondence between Pope and Mabel Walker Willebrandt, Box 3, JHPP.

  32. Diary, Mabel Walker Willebrandt, June 18, 1923, Folder: Diary, Box 3, MWWP.

  33. “Anderson Rebuked by Women’s Club,” New York Times, December 21, 1922.

  34. Charles Hilles to George Morris, January 2, 1923, Folder 1357, Box 115, CHC.

  35. “Paper for Women Voters Planned by Two Leaders,” New York Times, November 28, 1922, 3.

  36. Pauline Sabin to Charles Hilles, April 3, 1923, Folder 1360, Box 115, CHC.

  37. Charles Hilles to Mrs. Charles Sabin, April 3, 1923, Folder 1369, Box 115, CHC.

  38. Charles Hilles to George Morris, May 31, 1923, Folder 1361, Box 115, CHC.

  39. “Republican Committeewomen,” New York Times, June 29, 1923.

  40. “Mrs. Sabin Advises Women to Stick to Old Parties,” New York Times, July 15, 1923.

  41. “Mrs. Sabin Advises Women to Stick to Old Parties,” New York Times, July 15, 1923.

  42. “Stand by Film Censorship,” New York Times, February 29, 1924, 19.

  43. Frank Buckley, Department of Justice, to Mabel Walker Willebrandt, January 29, 1923, Case 5-647, Folder: Special Section 3, Box 2471, Class 5 (Tax-Income and Inheritance) Litigation Case Files, Record Group 60, Department of Justice, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD (hereafter abbreviated as DOJ).

  44. David Blair, Commissioner, Internal Revenue Bureau, to Mabel Walker Willebrandt, April 28, 1923, Folder 2, Box 2470, Case 5-647, Class 5 (Tax-Income and Inheritance) Case Files, DOJ.

  45. David Blair, Commissioner, Internal Revenue Bureau, to Mabel Walker Willebrandt, date unknown (but sometime after the 28th because Blair made reference to that letter), Folder: Special Section 3, Box 2471, Case 5-647, Class 5 (Tax-Income and Inheritance) Case Files, DOJ.

  46. White B. Miller, Special Assistant to the Attorney General, to Mabel Walker Willebrandt, May 12, 1923, Folder 2, Box 2470, Case 5-647, Class 5 (Tax-Income and Inheritance) Case Files, DOJ.
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  47. Mabel Walker Willebrandt to David and Myrtle Walker, June 19, 1923, Folder: Correspondence, Box 2, MWWP.

  48. Mabel Walker Willebrandt to David and Myrtle Walker, August 11, 1923, Folder: Correspondence, Box 2, MWWP.

  49. Mabel Walker Willebrandt to David and Myrtle Walker, June 19, 1923, Folder: Correspondence, Box 2, MWWP.

  50. Mabel Walker Willebrandt to David and Myrtle Walker, June 4, 1924, Folder: General Correspondence, Box 4, MWWP.

  51. Harry Daugherty to Mabel Walker Willebrandt, April 12, 1922, Folder 23-1907-1, Box 1807, Class 23 materials, DOJ.

  52. Mabel Walker Willebrandt to Thomas Morrow, U.S. Attorney, May 2, 1922, Folder 23-1907-1, Box 1807, Class 23 materials, DOJ.

  53. Roy Haynes to Mabel Walker Willebrandt, May 27, 1922, Folder 23-1907-1, Box 1807, Class 23 materials, DOJ.

  54. Mabel Walker Willebrandt to Thomas Morrow and R. T. Dickerson, July 3, 1923, Folder 23-1907-2, Box 1807, Class 23 materials, DOJ.

  55. Thomas Morrow, U.S. Attorney, to Mabel Walker Willebrandt, May 24, 1922, Folder 23-1907-1, Box 1807, Class 23 materials, DOJ.

  56. Mabel Walker Willebrandt to Granby Millyer, U.S. Attorney, May 16, 1923, Folder 23-10-1, Box 141, Class 23 (Liquor Violations) Litigation Case Files, DOJ.

  57. Norman H. Clark, “Roy Olmstead, A Rumrunning King on Puget Sound,” Pacific Northwest Quarterly 54, no. 3 (July 1963), 92.

  58. “Dry Chiefs to Make Capital of Repeal,” New York Times, June 3, 1923, 1.

  59. “United States Will Stay Dry, Harding Tells Denver, Rocky Mountain News, June 26, 1923, 2.

  60. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

  61. Diary, Mabel Walker Willebrandt, April 13, 1923, Folder: Diary, Box 3, MWWP.

  62. Myrtle Walker to Mabel Walker Willebrandt, November 28, 1923, Folder: Poems, Box 2, MWWP.

  63. Mabel Walker Willebrandt to Myrtle Walker, December 31, 1923, Folder: Poems, Box 2, MWWP.

  64. “U.S. Dry Agents in Seattle Said to Receive Fees,” Seattle Times, October 28, 1923, 1.

  65. “U.S. Agents Here to Unify Liquor Law Enforcers,” Seattle Times, September 12, 1923, 1, 6.

  66. “Jones Urges Aid for Dry Chief; Senator Praises Work of Lyle,” Seattle Times, September 17, 1923, 5.