The Anatomy of Violence

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The Anatomy of Violence Page 59

by Adrian Raine


  brain imaging, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1

  of antisocial individuals, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

  of murderers, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1

  of neurotoxic effects

  process of

  of schizophrenics

  see also specific techniques

  brain stem

  brain-wave activity, 9.1, 9.2

  Brazil

  breast milk, and high IQ

  Breivik, Anders Behring, 9.1, 9.2

  Brennan, Patty, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2

  brioche

  British Medical Journal

  Brodmann, Korbinian

  Brodmann areas, 5.1, 5.2

  Brunner, Han, 2.1, 2.2

  Buchsbaum, Monte, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1

  Buddhism, 9.1, 9.2

  Buikhuisen, Wouter

  Bulgaria, 7.1, 7.2

  bullying, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2

  Bundy, Ted, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

  burglary, prf.1, itr.1, itr.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5

  Buss, David, 1.1, 1.2

  Bustamante, Antonio, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 5.1, 10.1

  cadmium, toxicity of, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

  Cadoret, Remi

  Cain, marks of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  California

  Corrections Department of

  death penalty in

  Penal Code of

  California, University of

  Berkeley, 4.1, 4.2

  Irvine, 3.1, 7.1

  Los Angeles, 2.1, 5.1

  callousness, 2.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1

  Cambridge University, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1

  Institute of Criminology at

  Cameron, David

  Canada, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

  cancer, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5

  cannabis, 3.1, 3.2, 9.1

  cardiac M2–muscarinic cholinergic receptors

  Cardiff, Wales, violence reduction in

  Cardiff University

  School of Dentistry

  cardiovascular system, 3.1, 4.1

  Carroll, Lewis

  Carruthers, Richard

  case control design

  Caspi, Avshalom, 2.1, 8.1

  Castle, James, 10.1, 10.2

  castration, 9.1, 11.1

  Castro District

  Catholic Church, 7.1, 10.1

  caudate nucleus

  cavum septum pellucidum, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1

  central nervous system (CNS), 6.1, 7.1

  central nucleus

  cereals

  cerebellum, 1.1, 5.1

  Chagnon, Napoleon

  Chakrabarti, Shami

  Changi Prison Complex

  “cheating” strategy, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 4.1

  chemical castration

  Chicago, Ill., 2.1, 7.1, 8.1

  Chicago Project on Human Development

  child abuse, itr.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 8.1, 11.1

  and antisocial behavior

  effect on brain of, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1

  frequency of

  MAOA and

  mishandling of, 10.1, 10.2

  by mothers, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2

  children

  aggression in, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1, 11.1

  alcoholism in

  antisocial behavior in, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 8.1, 9.1

  biological intervention in

  brain development in, 3.1, 5.1

  in brain imaging, 5.1, 6.1

  cadmium exposure in

  conscience in, 4.1, 8.1

  and early life experiences as predictors of violence, itr.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2; see also neurodevelopmental theory

  education of, see school, education

  in Edwardian England

  effects of prenatal smoking on

  emotions in

  fear conditioning in, 4.1, 4.2

  genetic investment in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5

  head injury in, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2

  heart rate in, 4.1, 4.2

  in hypothetical future scenarios

  lead exposure in

  learning in

  lying by

  malnutrition in, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2

  manganese levels in

  in Mauritius stimulation-seeking study

  medications for aggression in

  morality in

  murder of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 11.1

  natural selfishness of

  psychosis in

  in public-care institutions, 6.1, 6.2

  rejected by mother, see maternal rejection

  rights of, 11.1, 11.2

  risk factors for, itr.1, 3.1, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2

  safety and security of

  schizophrenia in

  22 warning signs in

  victimization of

  violence by, 2.1, 8.1, 11.1

  chimpanzees, shared genes of humans and

  China, Chinese, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1, 11.2

  Cho, Seung-Hui

  Christian college massacre

  Christmas

  chromosomes

  in leukemia

  sex, 2.1, 8.1

  chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

  Churchill, Winston

  cider

  Cinderella

  civil liberties

  in hypothetical future scenarios, 11.1, 11.2

  societal security vs., 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

  classical conditioning, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 8.1

  clemency, retribution vs., 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

  Clinton, Bill

  coal production

  cocaine addiction

  Coccaro, Emil

  cognition, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1

  impairment of, 3.1, 8.1, 8.2

  mercury and

  nutrition and, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

  cognitive-behavior therapy, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2

  Colombia, 1.1, 6.1, 7.1

  Columbia University, 8.1, 8.2

  Columbine High School massacre

  command hallucinations

  conception

  physiology of

  roots of violence at, 6.1, 6.2

  conditional stimulus

  conditioned emotional response

  conduct disorder, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6

  congenital adrenal hyperplasia

  conscience

  absence of, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1

  autonomic nervous system in, 4.1, 4.2

  in children, 4.1, 8.1

  and crime

  defined

  minor offenses and

  moral decisions and, 3.1, 8.1

  constricted affect, 7.1, 7.2

  continuous performance task, 3.1, 3.2

  contraceptives

  copper deficiency, 7.1, 7.2

  copyright laws

  corona radiata

  corpus callosum, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1

  cortical nucleus

  cortisol, 8.1, 8.2

  Council of Europe

  courage, fearlessness vs.

  craniofacial abnormalities

  Crick, Francis

  Crick, Nicki

  crime

  biological contribution to, prf.1, itr.1, 1.1, 6.1

  biological cures for

  biosocial influences on

  as clinical disorder

  conscience and

  fear conditioning and predisposition to

  fetal alcohol syndrome in

  gender difference in

  genetic basis to

  petty, 2.1, 3.1

  schizophrenia and

  sociological model for, prf.1, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1

  “stupid”

  treatment for

  white-collar, 4.1, 5.1, nts.1

  Crime and Personality (Eysenck)


  crime prevention

  financing for

  government intervention in, 11.1, 11.2

  hypothetical future scenarios in

  neurocriminology in

  neuroethical debate about

  through prediction, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

  Criminal Justice Act (2003)

  criminal justice system

  argument for clemency in, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2

  argument for retribution in, 1.1, 10.1, 11.1

  brain imaging used by

  castration and

  in England, 11.1, 11.2

  failures of, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2

  hypothetical future scenarios in

  legal responsibility and

  in Turkey

  Criminal Man (Lombroso)

  criminals

  as atavistic

  biosocial influences in creation of

  “born” 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1

  broken (anatomically different) brains of

  in hypothetical future scenarios

  physical attributes of, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 6.1

  as treatable

  undetected

  white-collar, 4.1, 5.1

  Cromwell, Oliver

  CS tones, 4.1, 4.2

  CT (computed tomography) scan, 5.1, 7.1

  cyanosis

  cyproterone acetate

  Czech Republic, surgical castration in

  Dabaoshan mine

  Dalais, Cyril

  Daly, Martin

  Damasio, Antonio, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 8.1, 8.2

  Damasio, Hanna, 5.1, 5.2

  “dangerous and severe personality disorder”

  Danny (biofeedback subject), 9.1, 9.2

  Dark Knight Rises, The, massacre at

  Davidson, Richie, 9.1, 9.2

  Dawkins, Richard

  Dawson, Mike

  death penalty, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1

  debate over

  support for, 1.1, 11.1

  decision-making, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2

  defensive aggression, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 9.1

  delinquency, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1

  fetal alcohol syndrome and, 6.1, 6.2

  delusions, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1

  of grandeur, 7.1, 7.2

  Demme, Jonathan, col1.1, 3.1

  Denmark, 7.1, 8.1, 11.1

  adoption study in

  birth complication study in, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 11.1

  chemical castration in

  dentistry, 6.1, 7.1

  Denver, Colorado

  Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone)

  depression, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 11.1, 11.2

  Descartes, René, 3.1, 4.1

  Descartes’ Error (A. Damasio)

  detention centers, prisons vs., 11.1, 11.2

  Devon colic

  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

  dichotic listening task

  dilemmas, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 11.1

  distal phalanges

  DNA, 2.1, 2.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 11.1

  discovery of structure of

  “junk”

  docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 7.1, 9.1

  Dodge, Ken

  dogs

  domestic violence, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 9.1

  dominance, 1.1, 6.1

  dopamine, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1

  dorsolateral prefrontal, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  drifters, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2

  Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, itr.1, 10.1, 10.2

  Dr. Strangelove

  drug abuse, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

  drugs

  murder by

  see also medication; specific drugs

  Drum, Kevin

  Dutch Hunger Winter

  Dyer, Chester

  dyslexia

  “Early Warning, Timely Response” guide

  ears, anomalies of, 6.1, 8.1

  EEG (electroencephalogram), 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

  alpha, 9.1, 9.2

  beta, 9.1, 9.2

  delta, 9.1, 9.2

  theta, 9.1, 9.2

  eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 7.1, 9.1

  Emory University, 6.1, 8.1

  emotion

  absence of, 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

  brain in processing of, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2

  impaired prefrontal cortex and, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2

  limbic system and, 3.1, 3.2

  in morality

  overresponse to

  secondary

  emotional Stroop task

  empathy

  lack of, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 8.1

  empathy theory

  employment, unstable, 1.1, 3.1

  Enabling Act

  Engel, Eric

  England

  chemical castration in

  cost of violence in

  Edwardian child-rearing in

  lead toxicity in, 7.1, 7.2

  legal and justice system in, 11.1, 11.2

  manganese exposure in

  obesity in

  stepparent murderers in

  sugar consumption in

  enrichment intervention, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

  environment

  as basis for schizophrenia

  and biology

  and cultural development, 1.1, 1.2

  heritability vs., 2.1, 2.2, 11.1

  in mediating effects of brain damage

  nurturing, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2

  schizophrenia influenced by

  structural brain abnormalities and, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1

  and violence, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1

  epigenetics, and maternal neglect, 8.1, 8.2

  epilepsy, epileptic seizures, 5.1, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2

  equal environments assumption, 2.1, 2.2

  Esterson, Aaron

  estrogen

  ethics, itr.1, 2.1

  in castration debate

  of neurocriminology

  ethnicity

  in birth complication study

  and prenatal smoking

  eugenics, prf.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

  as fueled by Lombroso’s theories

  passive

  evil, 11.1, 11.2

  evolution

  Lombroso’s ethnic hierarchy of, 1.1, 5.1

  vengeance and, itr.1, 10.1

  violence as survival strategy in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

  evolutionary theory

  murder in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4

  rape in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4

  sex and reproduction in

  of violence

  executive functioning, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 6.1, 9.1, 10.1

  exercise, 9.1, 9.2

  externalizing behavior, 7.1, 7.2

  Eysenck, Hans

  fairy tales, stepparents in

  false-positive problem

  families

  different outcomes for siblings in

  extended, violence study of

  high-risk, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 10.1, 10.2

  low-risk, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 11.1

  murder within, 7.1, 7.2

  outside influences vs.

  risk factors from, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2

  schizophrenia and, 7.1, 11.1

  in socialization

  as support system, 5.1, 8.1

  violent heritage within, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 5.1

  famine

  Fancher, Joey, 3.1, 3.2

  Farah, Martha

  Faroe Islands

  Farrington, David, 4.1, 8.1

  Fast, Diane

  fathers

  absent, 8.1, 10.1

  antisocial, 8.1, 8.2

  criminal, 1.1, 8.1, 8.2

  in hypothetical future scenarios

  killing of, 11.1, 11.2

  mentally il
l, 3.1, 10.1

  murder by, 1.1

  proprietary right of

  FBI, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1

  fear conditioning, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 11.1

  fearlessness theory

  Feinstein, Dianne

  fetal alcohol syndrome, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  fetal maldevelopment

  alcohol and

  of brain, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  physical anomalies of, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1

  smoking and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  fight-flight response, itr.1, 3.1

  Filiaggi, James “Jimmy the Fuse”

  Filiaggi, Tony

  fingers, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1

  anomalies of, 6.1, 6.2

  gender differences and length of

  webbed

  Finland, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2

  fish

  in biological intervention

  mercury in, 7.1, 7.2

  in nutrition, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 9.2

  worldwide consumption of, 7.1, 7.2

  Fitzgibbon, Clare

  Flight 714 (Hergé)

  floor effect

  forensic psychiatry

  Forty-four Juvenile Thieves (Bowlby)

  fraternal (dizygotic) twins, 2.1, 2.2

  Frederick V, king of Denmark

  free will

  constraints on, 10.1, 11.1

  criminal justice and, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

  French Revolution

  Fritzl, Josef

  frontal cortex, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1

  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 3.1, 5.1

  Fundamental Five Functions

  Fung, Annis

  future hypothetical scenarios

  advisability of

  enactment of

  feasibility of

  as utopia or dystopia

  Gage, Phineas, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2

  other brain injury victims vs.

  Gainj tribe

  Gall, Franz, 1.1, 3.1

  Gambrel, Terry

  Gao, Yu, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1, 11.1

  Gary, Carlton (Stocking Strangler), 8.1, 8.2, 11.1

  Gatzke-Kopp, Lisa

  gender differences

  in brain

  fetal development in

  genes and

  in heart rate

  in mental illness

  in mindfulness training

  in parental investment, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 6.1

  ring-finger length and

  in sexual perception

  in violence, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1

  gene pool, survival of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 11.1

  genes

  abnormalities in, 8.1, 11.1

  brain, violence and, 8.1, 8.2

  function of, itr.1, itr.2, 2.1, 7.1

  gender differences and

  “killer”

  MAOA

  and neurotransmitters

  and poor parenting, 8.1, 8.2

  selfish, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5

  Genesis, 6.1, 6.2

  genetic polymorphisms

  genetics

 

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