by Adrian Raine
brain imaging, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1
of antisocial individuals, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
of murderers, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1
of neurotoxic effects
process of
of schizophrenics
see also specific techniques
brain stem
brain-wave activity, 9.1, 9.2
Brazil
breast milk, and high IQ
Breivik, Anders Behring, 9.1, 9.2
Brennan, Patty, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2
brioche
British Medical Journal
Brodmann, Korbinian
Brodmann areas, 5.1, 5.2
Brunner, Han, 2.1, 2.2
Buchsbaum, Monte, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1
Buddhism, 9.1, 9.2
Buikhuisen, Wouter
Bulgaria, 7.1, 7.2
bullying, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2
Bundy, Ted, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
burglary, prf.1, itr.1, itr.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5
Buss, David, 1.1, 1.2
Bustamante, Antonio, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 5.1, 10.1
cadmium, toxicity of, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
Cadoret, Remi
Cain, marks of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
California
Corrections Department of
death penalty in
Penal Code of
California, University of
Berkeley, 4.1, 4.2
Irvine, 3.1, 7.1
Los Angeles, 2.1, 5.1
callousness, 2.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1
Cambridge University, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1
Institute of Criminology at
Cameron, David
Canada, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
cancer, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5
cannabis, 3.1, 3.2, 9.1
cardiac M2–muscarinic cholinergic receptors
Cardiff, Wales, violence reduction in
Cardiff University
School of Dentistry
cardiovascular system, 3.1, 4.1
Carroll, Lewis
Carruthers, Richard
case control design
Caspi, Avshalom, 2.1, 8.1
Castle, James, 10.1, 10.2
castration, 9.1, 11.1
Castro District
Catholic Church, 7.1, 10.1
caudate nucleus
cavum septum pellucidum, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1
central nervous system (CNS), 6.1, 7.1
central nucleus
cereals
cerebellum, 1.1, 5.1
Chagnon, Napoleon
Chakrabarti, Shami
Changi Prison Complex
“cheating” strategy, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 4.1
chemical castration
Chicago, Ill., 2.1, 7.1, 8.1
Chicago Project on Human Development
child abuse, itr.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 8.1, 11.1
and antisocial behavior
effect on brain of, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1
frequency of
MAOA and
mishandling of, 10.1, 10.2
by mothers, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2
children
aggression in, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1, 11.1
alcoholism in
antisocial behavior in, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 8.1, 9.1
biological intervention in
brain development in, 3.1, 5.1
in brain imaging, 5.1, 6.1
cadmium exposure in
conscience in, 4.1, 8.1
and early life experiences as predictors of violence, itr.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2; see also neurodevelopmental theory
education of, see school, education
in Edwardian England
effects of prenatal smoking on
emotions in
fear conditioning in, 4.1, 4.2
genetic investment in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
head injury in, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2
heart rate in, 4.1, 4.2
in hypothetical future scenarios
lead exposure in
learning in
lying by
malnutrition in, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2
manganese levels in
in Mauritius stimulation-seeking study
medications for aggression in
morality in
murder of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 11.1
natural selfishness of
psychosis in
in public-care institutions, 6.1, 6.2
rejected by mother, see maternal rejection
rights of, 11.1, 11.2
risk factors for, itr.1, 3.1, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2
safety and security of
schizophrenia in
22 warning signs in
victimization of
violence by, 2.1, 8.1, 11.1
chimpanzees, shared genes of humans and
China, Chinese, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1, 11.2
Cho, Seung-Hui
Christian college massacre
Christmas
chromosomes
in leukemia
sex, 2.1, 8.1
chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Churchill, Winston
cider
Cinderella
civil liberties
in hypothetical future scenarios, 11.1, 11.2
societal security vs., 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
classical conditioning, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 8.1
clemency, retribution vs., 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
Clinton, Bill
coal production
cocaine addiction
Coccaro, Emil
cognition, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1
impairment of, 3.1, 8.1, 8.2
mercury and
nutrition and, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
cognitive-behavior therapy, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2
Colombia, 1.1, 6.1, 7.1
Columbia University, 8.1, 8.2
Columbine High School massacre
command hallucinations
conception
physiology of
roots of violence at, 6.1, 6.2
conditional stimulus
conditioned emotional response
conduct disorder, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
conscience
absence of, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1
autonomic nervous system in, 4.1, 4.2
in children, 4.1, 8.1
and crime
defined
minor offenses and
moral decisions and, 3.1, 8.1
constricted affect, 7.1, 7.2
continuous performance task, 3.1, 3.2
contraceptives
copper deficiency, 7.1, 7.2
copyright laws
corona radiata
corpus callosum, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1
cortical nucleus
cortisol, 8.1, 8.2
Council of Europe
courage, fearlessness vs.
craniofacial abnormalities
Crick, Francis
Crick, Nicki
crime
biological contribution to, prf.1, itr.1, 1.1, 6.1
biological cures for
biosocial influences on
as clinical disorder
conscience and
fear conditioning and predisposition to
fetal alcohol syndrome in
gender difference in
genetic basis to
petty, 2.1, 3.1
schizophrenia and
sociological model for, prf.1, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1
“stupid”
treatment for
white-collar, 4.1, 5.1, nts.1
Crime and Personality (Eysenck)
crime prevention
financing for
government intervention in, 11.1, 11.2
hypothetical future scenarios in
neurocriminology in
neuroethical debate about
through prediction, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
Criminal Justice Act (2003)
criminal justice system
argument for clemency in, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2
argument for retribution in, 1.1, 10.1, 11.1
brain imaging used by
castration and
in England, 11.1, 11.2
failures of, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2
hypothetical future scenarios in
legal responsibility and
in Turkey
Criminal Man (Lombroso)
criminals
as atavistic
biosocial influences in creation of
“born” 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1
broken (anatomically different) brains of
in hypothetical future scenarios
physical attributes of, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 6.1
as treatable
undetected
white-collar, 4.1, 5.1
Cromwell, Oliver
CS tones, 4.1, 4.2
CT (computed tomography) scan, 5.1, 7.1
cyanosis
cyproterone acetate
Czech Republic, surgical castration in
Dabaoshan mine
Dalais, Cyril
Daly, Martin
Damasio, Antonio, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 8.1, 8.2
Damasio, Hanna, 5.1, 5.2
“dangerous and severe personality disorder”
Danny (biofeedback subject), 9.1, 9.2
Dark Knight Rises, The, massacre at
Davidson, Richie, 9.1, 9.2
Dawkins, Richard
Dawson, Mike
death penalty, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1
debate over
support for, 1.1, 11.1
decision-making, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2
defensive aggression, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 9.1
delinquency, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1
fetal alcohol syndrome and, 6.1, 6.2
delusions, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1
of grandeur, 7.1, 7.2
Demme, Jonathan, col1.1, 3.1
Denmark, 7.1, 8.1, 11.1
adoption study in
birth complication study in, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 11.1
chemical castration in
dentistry, 6.1, 7.1
Denver, Colorado
Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone)
depression, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 11.1, 11.2
Descartes, René, 3.1, 4.1
Descartes’ Error (A. Damasio)
detention centers, prisons vs., 11.1, 11.2
Devon colic
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
dichotic listening task
dilemmas, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 11.1
distal phalanges
DNA, 2.1, 2.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 11.1
discovery of structure of
“junk”
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 7.1, 9.1
Dodge, Ken
dogs
domestic violence, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 9.1
dominance, 1.1, 6.1
dopamine, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1
dorsolateral prefrontal, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
drifters, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, itr.1, 10.1, 10.2
Dr. Strangelove
drug abuse, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
drugs
murder by
see also medication; specific drugs
Drum, Kevin
Dutch Hunger Winter
Dyer, Chester
dyslexia
“Early Warning, Timely Response” guide
ears, anomalies of, 6.1, 8.1
EEG (electroencephalogram), 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
alpha, 9.1, 9.2
beta, 9.1, 9.2
delta, 9.1, 9.2
theta, 9.1, 9.2
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 7.1, 9.1
Emory University, 6.1, 8.1
emotion
absence of, 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
brain in processing of, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2
impaired prefrontal cortex and, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2
limbic system and, 3.1, 3.2
in morality
overresponse to
secondary
emotional Stroop task
empathy
lack of, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 8.1
empathy theory
employment, unstable, 1.1, 3.1
Enabling Act
Engel, Eric
England
chemical castration in
cost of violence in
Edwardian child-rearing in
lead toxicity in, 7.1, 7.2
legal and justice system in, 11.1, 11.2
manganese exposure in
obesity in
stepparent murderers in
sugar consumption in
enrichment intervention, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
environment
as basis for schizophrenia
and biology
and cultural development, 1.1, 1.2
heritability vs., 2.1, 2.2, 11.1
in mediating effects of brain damage
nurturing, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2
schizophrenia influenced by
structural brain abnormalities and, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1
and violence, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1
epigenetics, and maternal neglect, 8.1, 8.2
epilepsy, epileptic seizures, 5.1, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2
equal environments assumption, 2.1, 2.2
Esterson, Aaron
estrogen
ethics, itr.1, 2.1
in castration debate
of neurocriminology
ethnicity
in birth complication study
and prenatal smoking
eugenics, prf.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
as fueled by Lombroso’s theories
passive
evil, 11.1, 11.2
evolution
Lombroso’s ethnic hierarchy of, 1.1, 5.1
vengeance and, itr.1, 10.1
violence as survival strategy in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
evolutionary theory
murder in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
rape in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
sex and reproduction in
of violence
executive functioning, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 6.1, 9.1, 10.1
exercise, 9.1, 9.2
externalizing behavior, 7.1, 7.2
Eysenck, Hans
fairy tales, stepparents in
false-positive problem
families
different outcomes for siblings in
extended, violence study of
high-risk, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 10.1, 10.2
low-risk, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 11.1
murder within, 7.1, 7.2
outside influences vs.
risk factors from, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
schizophrenia and, 7.1, 11.1
in socialization
as support system, 5.1, 8.1
violent heritage within, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 5.1
famine
Fancher, Joey, 3.1, 3.2
Farah, Martha
Faroe Islands
Farrington, David, 4.1, 8.1
Fast, Diane
fathers
absent, 8.1, 10.1
antisocial, 8.1, 8.2
criminal, 1.1, 8.1, 8.2
in hypothetical future scenarios
killing of, 11.1, 11.2
mentally il
l, 3.1, 10.1
murder by, 1.1
proprietary right of
FBI, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1
fear conditioning, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 11.1
fearlessness theory
Feinstein, Dianne
fetal alcohol syndrome, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
fetal maldevelopment
alcohol and
of brain, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
physical anomalies of, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1
smoking and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
fight-flight response, itr.1, 3.1
Filiaggi, James “Jimmy the Fuse”
Filiaggi, Tony
fingers, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1
anomalies of, 6.1, 6.2
gender differences and length of
webbed
Finland, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2
fish
in biological intervention
mercury in, 7.1, 7.2
in nutrition, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 9.2
worldwide consumption of, 7.1, 7.2
Fitzgibbon, Clare
Flight 714 (Hergé)
floor effect
forensic psychiatry
Forty-four Juvenile Thieves (Bowlby)
fraternal (dizygotic) twins, 2.1, 2.2
Frederick V, king of Denmark
free will
constraints on, 10.1, 11.1
criminal justice and, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
French Revolution
Fritzl, Josef
frontal cortex, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 3.1, 5.1
Fundamental Five Functions
Fung, Annis
future hypothetical scenarios
advisability of
enactment of
feasibility of
as utopia or dystopia
Gage, Phineas, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2
other brain injury victims vs.
Gainj tribe
Gall, Franz, 1.1, 3.1
Gambrel, Terry
Gao, Yu, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1, 11.1
Gary, Carlton (Stocking Strangler), 8.1, 8.2, 11.1
Gatzke-Kopp, Lisa
gender differences
in brain
fetal development in
genes and
in heart rate
in mental illness
in mindfulness training
in parental investment, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 6.1
ring-finger length and
in sexual perception
in violence, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1
gene pool, survival of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 11.1
genes
abnormalities in, 8.1, 11.1
brain, violence and, 8.1, 8.2
function of, itr.1, itr.2, 2.1, 7.1
gender differences and
“killer”
MAOA
and neurotransmitters
and poor parenting, 8.1, 8.2
selfish, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
Genesis, 6.1, 6.2
genetic polymorphisms
genetics