Empires Apart
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INDEX
abortion, 251
Adams, John, 175, 224
Adams, John Quincy, 179, 218, 224, 228, 244
Afghanistan, 98, 502, 503
Africa, 333
agriculture, 211
Aguinaldo, Emilio, 290, 291
AIOC (Anglo-Iranian Oil Company), 451
Alaska, 175, 185, 212
Albright, Madeleine, 454
Aleuts, 124
Alexander I, 199, 205
and Arakcheyev, 221
Poland, 206
Russia’s role, 211, 212, 215
Alexander II, 199
assassinated, 297
Chechens, 239
Poland, 232
role as tsar, 260
serfdom, 267, 269
Alexander III, 199, 304
Alexis, 129
Allende, Salvador, 480
America
American dream, 469, 514, 530, 539
anti-communism funding, 439
bipolarity, 444, 448, 511
business, 291, 308–9, 542
colonisation, 46, 48, 53, 54, 91
commercial empire, 321
corruption, 306, 307
current account deficit, 538
dissent, 497–501
economic growth, 306
economic imperialism, 532
economy, 26, 161, 228–30, 315, 429, 436, 464, 541
English settlers, 51, 54, 61, 106, 116, 143
First World War, 245, 278, 298, 391, 398
fledgling nation, 179
foreign investment, 314
French, 150–56
global spread, 471
health indicators, 535
ideological empire, 447
immigration, 49, 97–98
independence, 175
industrialisation, 229–30, 250, 306–10
influence of, 376, 416
isolationism, 444, 445
justice, 245, 520–30
labour unrest, 351–53, 356
Lend-Lease Program, 428–29
manifest destiny, 95–96, 181, 244
military force, 423, 458–59, 489, 492
military leaders, 264
as nation state, 111
navy, 193, 195, 216, 403–4, 492
north-south divide, 207
October Revolution, 348, 350, 405, 408
party politics, 329
perceptions of, 89, 345
pogroms, 334, 344, 345
political life, 181, 183, 223, 494, 518–19
population growth, 251
presidents, 90, 183, 198, 215, 316, 387, 398, 448, 463, 549
Puritans, 88–91, 92–94, 96–98, 187
railways, 279, 310, 379, 412
regime change, 450–56, 480
religion, 187, 257, 547
rights of man, 219
rule of law, 144–46, 520
scramble for, 43–48
Second World War, 426, 428, 431
social and political turmoil, 399
socialists, 337–38, 354, 399
Spanish American War, 276, 287–91
Spanish exploration, 32–39
spoils system, 226–28, 519
superpower status, 327, 443
territorial expansion, 185–89, 206, 253
terror, 486–90
urbanisation, 249, 251
values, 247, 257, 445
War of, 210–11, 217
wars, approach to, 263, 265
wealth, 535, 536
wealth transfers, 540
women, 250
as world power, 216
see also corporations; corporatism; democracy; foreign policy (America); imperialism (America); Monroe Doctrine; Native Americans; oil; oligarchs; Pilgrims; slavery
America and Russia
cold war, 482–84
colonisation, 64, 137
differences between, 64, 144, 177, 310, 436
empires, 541–42
ideologies, 422
oligarchs, 374–75
parallels, 177, 351
perceptions of pasts, 432
psychological imperialism, 504
Second World War, 423–24
superiority, 81
superpowers, 436
zones of influence, 437
American Civil War, 249, 254, 258, 269–70, 274, 287, 296, 313, 351
American dream, 469, 514
American empire
ideology, 513, 541
non-existence, 109, 512, 541–42
phrase, 109
terminology, 109–10
territorial sense, 493
see also imperialism (America)
American Revolution, 160–62, 178, 180
American War of Independence. See American Revolution
Americanism, 411–12
Ames, Oakes, 270
Amur, 325
Anadyrsk, 274, 281–82
anarchists, 357
Andropov, Yuri, 494, 495
Angleton, James, 458
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), 451
Anna (Duchess of Kurland), 139
Anna (Vladimir’s wife), 25–26
annexations, 191, 234
Anti-Imperialist League, 296
anti-semitism, 343–44, 345, 418
apartheid doctrine, 273
Arakcheyev, Alexander, 221
Arapahos, 280
aristocracy. See nobility
Armenia, 503
arrows, 64, 67, 94
Asda, 538
Asia, 324, 444, 552
assassinations, 334, 345, 471, 486, 508
Atlanta, 265
atomic bomb, 440, 443, 472
Attila the Hun, 17, 236, 396
Austin, Moses, 233
Austro-Hungarian empire, 236, 383
autocracy
acceptance of, 80, 223, 517
advocate of, 304–5
ideology, 204
Russian imperialism, 81, 123
serfs, 269
tsarist control, 306
Ayn Julut (Nazareth), battle of, 66–67, 72
Bacon, Nathaniel, 54–55
Balkans, 333, 334, 346, 427
Baltic colonies, 503
bananas, 456
Barbados, 53, 255
Baring, Alexander, 200
Baruch, Bernard, 369, 412
Batista, Fulgencio, 477
battles
Ayn Julut (Nazareth), 72
Châlons, 17–21, 33, 41, 72
Fallen Timbers, 186, 197
Havana, 288
Kulikovo, 69–73
Little Bighorn, 248, 274, 280–82, 477
Maciejowice, 196–97
New Orleans, 207, 210–11
Tippecanoe, 208, 264
Warsaw, 394
Waterloo, 205
Wounded Knee, 282
Bayonet Constitution, 284
Beketov, Pyotr, 124
Belarus, 503
Benjamin, Judah, 271–72
Beothuk, 156
Beria, Lavrenti, 443, 462–65, 494–95
Bering, Vitus Jonassen, 118–20
Berkeley, William, 55–56
Bermuda, 51, 167, 426, 478
Berringer, Benjamin, 59
–60
Beveridge, Albert, 244, 263, 328, 330, 331, 349, 499–500
bipolarity, 444, 448, 511
Bishop, Maurice, 478–79
black people, 272, 273, 344, 379, 418. See also slavery
Black Sea, 191
Bloody Sunday, St. Petersburg, 335
Bolsheviks
consolidation, 416
empire, 393–98
October Revolution, 348–50
origin, 341
popularity, 386
protests against, 387
Russian Revolution, 356
Bonnie Prince Charlie, 154
Bosch, Juan, 500–501
Boston Tea Party, 29, 159, 161, 162
bounty hunters, 157, 231
bows and arrows, 64, 94
boyars, 27, 70, 75–76, 78
Bradford, William, 86, 93, 94
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, 350, 393
Britain
America, 466–67
Canada, 278
cultural angst, 469
empire, 245, 276, 537
financial institutions, 532–33
industrialisation, 229
Iran, 451
media, 543
PFI, 538
Second World War, 426–27, 431
Suez, 467
Victorians, 245
see also England
British colonists, 158–59, 278
Bulgaria, 485, 503
Burr, Aaron, 179, 207–8
Buryats, 121, 122
Bush, George (Bush I), 493
Bush, George W. (Bush II), 79, 90, 209, 245, 267, 477, 487
business, 291–92, 542–43. See also corporations
Buwalda, William, 355, 499
Byelorussia, 504
Cabot, George, 382
Cabot, John, 37
Cabot Lodge, Henry, the elder, 382, 383
Cabot Lodge, Henry, the younger, 382
Cahokia, 30, 32, 42, 151, 344
California, 212, 244, 265
Calvert, George, 101
Cambodia, 475, 482, 484, 488
Cameron, Ewen, 392
Canada, 151, 152, 153, 209, 210, 278
capital, Russia, 314, 315
capitalism, 310, 320–21, 422
Caribbean, 58, 167, 476
Carnegie, Andrew, 292–93, 308
Carolina, 59–61
Carriles, Luis Posada, 487
cars, 371, 506
Carter Doctrine, 491
Carter, Jimmy, 491–92
Cartier, Jacques, 150
Castro, Fidel, 477
catfish, 523
Catherine the Great, 141, 143, 173, 181–85, 198, 201, 217, 267, 270, 301–3, 340, 367, 394, 396
Catholics, 101
Caucasus, 239, 395
Central America, 241, 242, 366, 368, 476
Central Intelligence Agency, 438. See also CIA
Châlons, battle of, 16–21, 72
champagne, 15–16
Champlain, Samuel de, 151
charitable foundations, 308
Charles XII, 132–33
Charleston, 137
charters of incorporation, 364
Chechens, 239–40, 493
Cherokees, 156, 231, 257
Cheyennes, 280–81
Chicago, 352
Chile, 402, 480–81
China, 66, 325–27, 396, 440
Chinese immigrants, 252, 279
Chomsky, Noam, 498–99
Christianity, 24, 33, 90
Chukchi, 281, 282
Churchill, Winston, 316, 317, 426, 427, 434, 451
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)
Chile, 480
Congo, 482
Guatemala, 450, 456, 457
Iran, 451
Italy, 438, 446
Mitrione, 486
remit, 449
terror, 485
Cisneros, Rosa, 487
cities, 249
civil service, Russia, 125
civilisation, 49
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 148
Cleveland, Grover, 285–86, 303, 506
Coca-Cola, 308, 368, 411, 474
cold war, 470
America and Russia, 482–84
documents, 476
perceptions, 472
roots of, 351
Russia, 470
Coligny, Admiral, 47, 48
colonisation, 64, 137
America, 46, 48, 53, 54, 91
Russia, 122–23, 189, 190, 336
Colt, Samuel, 248
Columbus, Christopher, 33–36
commercial empire, 321
communism
America, 407
anti-imperialism, 444
Bolsheviks, 341
China, 440
Communist party, 421
development, 356–61
Europe, 438
global, 396
ideology, 422, 505, 546
communist imperialism, 361
Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), 358
Communist party, 341, 359, 390
Conestoga massacre, 157–58
conquest, 277
Constantine, 222
Contras, 487
Conway, Thomas, 172
Coolidge, Calvin, 398
corporate imperialism, 411, 416
corporate rights, 363, 371
corporations
development, 318–21
extensive operations, 445
informal empire, 484
political influence, 417
success of, 471
see also business
corporatism, 361–74
democracy, 341, 483–84, 505, 509, 514
ideology, 372, 374, 422, 515, 528
oligarchy, 421
Russian opportunities, 405–6
corruption, 307–8, 518–19
Cossacks, 107, 120
Costa Rica, 241
cotton, 189, 230, 234, 307, 313, 526–27
coups, 450, 452–53, 454, 480, 481
covert operations, 449, 458
CPUSA, 407
Crazy Horse, 282
creationism, 40
Crimean War, 238
Crockett, Davy, 110, 113–14
Crusade, Third, 65
Cuba, 243–44
Castro, 477
Guantanamo Bay, 291, 521
independence, 291
Spanish American War, 276, 287–90
Cuban Missile Crisis, 470
culture, 304
Cumberland, Duke of, 154
current account deficit, 538
Custer, George Armstrong, 280–81
Czechoslovakia, 437–38, 446, 503, 541, 542
Czolgosz, Leon, 335
Davenport, James, 101
Decatur, Stephen, 216
Decembrist conspirators, 222
Declaration of Armed Neutrality, 195
Declaration of Independence, 179–81
Delaware, 104
democracy
American Revolution, 170
corporatism, 341, 483–84, 505, 509, 514
foundations of, 146
home of, claims, 69
ideology of, 174, 546
imperialism, 330
malleability, 339–40
representativeness, 514–15
term, 168
universality, 446
Democrats, 302, 303
Denmark, 410, 427
deportations, 391, 464–65
depression, 424
determined opportunism, 220, 513
Devlet Giray, 112
Devlin, Larry, 482
Dewey, George, 288, 289, 290
Dezhnov, Semyon, 118
dictators, 425
dictatorship, 349
diseases, 43, 121
dissent
America, 497–501
Russia, 297–302, 306, 334–37, 496–97, 501
Dodge, Joseph, 440
Doenitz, Karl, 525
> Dole, Samuel, 284, 286
dollar, primacy of, 539–40
Dominican Republic, 331, 332, 333, 413–14, 500–503. See also Hispaniola
Donskoy, Dmitri, 72
Douglas, Stephen, 260
Dulles, Allen, 438, 456
Dulles, John Foster, 438, 456
Dutch settlements, 102
dvoriane, 78–79
dvorianstvo, 136
Dyer, Mary, 99
Dzhenik, 120
East Germany, 503
East India Company, 49, 161, 363