Empires Apart
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East St. Louis Massacre, 344
economic growth, 306
economic imperialism, 532
economy
America, 228–30, 315, 436, 494, 530–34
Japan, 440
Russia, 436, 465, 494, 495, 505
Edward I, 77
efficiency, economics, 530–34
Egypt, 467
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 467, 494, 552
El Salvador, 486–87
elections, presidential, 267, 303, 378–79
Elizabeth, Empress, 139, 140
Elphinston, John, 191
Emancipation Proclamation, 262
emigrants. See immigration
emperors, 90, 126
empire, term, 21
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 32
Engels, Friedrich, 358
England, 91, 96, 98. See also Britain
English colonies, 85, 98, 105
English empire, 48–49
English settlers, 44, 48–56
Enron, 517
ethnic cleansing, 54, 86, 152, 157
eugenics, 417
Europe
communism, 438
concept of, 20
conflicts, 152
imperialism, 274
nation states, 128
Russia, 112
western and eastern, 20–23
evolutionism, 40
executions, 99
Ezekiel, Moses, 254
Falklands, 217
Fallen Timbers, battle of, 186, 197
Fallujah, 490
fascism, 444
Ferdinand, 33, 34
Ferris, William, 433
Filaret, 130
filibusters, 232–33, 241–44. See also mercenary soldiers
‘final solution,’ 266
finance, 551
financial crisis 2008, 524
financial institutions, 532–33
Finland, 202
Finns, 64–65, 103, 104
First World War
America, 338, 351
Balkans, 334, 346
Russia, 346
Flavius, Aetius, 17
Florida, 191, 208–9, 217–18, 230, 267
forced sterilisation, 417
foreign entrepreneurs, 313
foreign investment, 314
foreign policy (America)
bipolarity, 448, 513
communism, 441
corporations, 517
global supremacy, 492
ideology, 431
international forum, 384
Marshall Plan, 441–42
military force, 459–60, 489
nature of, 322–23
oil, 434, 443
secrecy, 453
Truman Doctrine, 447
see also Monroe Doctrine
foreign policy (Russia), 442
foreigners, 525
Forrestal, James, 449
Fort Ross, 212, 213
France, 150, 467
Franklin, Benjamin, 311
Frederick the Great, 188
free market, 306, 484, 529, 533
free speech, 373
‘free world,’ 473, 482
freedom, 170, 180, 400, 483
French America, 149–56, 200
French Revolution, 178
Frick, Henry, 352
frontier spirit, 248–49
frontiers, 106–7, 232, 277
Fugitive Slave Act, 254
Fukuyama, Francis, 508–9, 551
furs, 120, 122, 152
Gairy, Eric, 478
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 500
Gapon, Georgi, 335
Garfield, James, 307
Gazprom, 506–7
Genghis Khan, 66
genocide. See ethnic cleansing
George III, 158
Georgia (America), 265
Georgia (Asia), 191, 395, 503, 508
German immigrants, 252
Germany, 286, 425, 436, 503
Geronimo, 283
Gerry, Eldridge, 520
gerrymandering, 520
glasnost, 495, 501
globalisation, 220, 318, 423, 477
Goldman, Emma, 357, 400–401
Golovin, Pyotr, 120
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 495, 501, 502, 504
Gould, Jay, 308
Grant, Ulysses S., 265, 271, 272, 318, 345
Great Britain. See Britain
Great Northern War, 132–34
Great Terror, 390
Greece, 427, 447
greed, 245, 320
Greenland, 34
Grenada, 478–79
Grigory (first False Dimitry), 82
Guam, 276, 291
Guantanamo Bay, 291, 521
Guatemala, 450, 455–57
Guevara, Che, 486
gulags, 390–91
Gulf Oil, 413, 455
guns, 230, 289
Guzman, Jacobo Arbenz, 450, 455
Haiti, 243, 332–33. See also Hispaniola
Hamilton, Alexander, 184, 187, 307
Harrison, Benjamin, 303
Harrison, William, 264
Havana, 243, 289
Hawaii, 275, 283–86, 370, 426, 429
Hayes, Rutherford B., 318–19
Haymarket Affair, 352
health indicators, 535
hegemony, 437
Helga, 23
Henry VIII, 77, 78
Herjolson, Bjarni, 37
Hispaniola, 35, 332, 377. See also Dominican Republic; Haiti
history
contemporary fame, 295
continuities, 549–50
ideology, 296
individuals, 367
modern paradigms, 272
perceptions, 547–48
rewriting, 421, 546
role, 549
Hitler, Adolf, 425
Hopewell, 41
Hopi, 52
horses, 67
Hudson’s Bay Company, 49, 152, 213
Huguenots, 46–48
Hungary, 236, 439, 474–75, 503
Huns, 17
Huron, 43–44
ibn Saud, Abdul Aziz, 435
idealism, 245
ideological empire, 447
ideology
American empire, 513, 541
American Revolution, 168, 174
autocracy, 204
communism, 422, 505, 546
corporatism, 371, 374, 422, 515, 528
democracy, 174, 546
foreign policy, 431
history of, 296
manifest destiny, 244
merging of different, 359, 361, 371
Second World War, 430
immigration, 53, 251–52, 279
imperial overstretch, 551
imperialism
communist, 361
corporate, 411, 416
democracy, 330
economic, 532
Europe, 274
military, 505
neo-imperialism, 544–45
psychological, 504
Russia, 81, 123, 276–77
imperialism (America)
belief in difference of, 544–45
corporatism, 361, 411
determined opportunism, 220
driven by, 81
economic, 532
global destiny, 331
invisibilisation, 409–14
manifest destiny, 95
Monroe Doctrine, 214
post civil war, 277
territorial aggrandisement, 328, 414
see also American empire
imperialism (Russia), 81, 123, 274–75
imperialists, 14, 124, 152, 208, 232, 274–75, 368, 394
Incas, 37, 74
Indian Appropriation Act, 280
Indian Removal Act, 231
Indians. See Native Americans
indigenous people. See Native Americans; Siberian natives
Indonesia, 485
Industrial Workers of The World (IWW), 402
industrialisation, 229–30, 252, 306–10, 312–14
intelligence gathering, 449, 476
international conventions, 522
international law, 523, 527
International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation (ITT), 480, 481
investment, British empire, 537
Iran, 437, 450–53, 541, 542
Iraq, 439, 490, 511, 544
Ireland, 102
Irish Catholics, 255
Irish immigrants, 251, 279
Isabella, 33, 34
Islam, 33
Islamic civilisation, 66–67, 72
isolationism, 444, 445
Italy, 438, 449–50
ITT (International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation), 480, 481
Ivan III (the Great), 73, 111
Ivan IV (the Terrible), 73–79, 112–13, 126
IWW (Industrial Workers of The World), 402
Jackson, Andrew, 207, 217, 223–26, 228, 316
Jamestown, 52
Japan
America, 426, 433, 436, 440
American support, 323
economy, 440
foreigners, 217
Philippines, 291
Russia, 324, 327
Jedwardson, Erik, 103
Jefferson, Thomas, 168, 193, 207, 244, 247
Jeffreys, Sir Herbert, 56
Jews, 100, 271, 323, 343, 345, 418–19
Johnson, Lyndon B., 488
Johnson, Richard, 264
Johnston, Joseph E., 266
Jones, John Paul, 192–93
Joseph, King of Spain, 204
justice, 245, 520–30
Kalb, Johan, 172
Katyn massacre, 465
Kay, John, 530–31
Kazakhstan, 492
Keith, Minor Cooper, 366–67
Kennedy, John F., 470, 551
Kentucky, 547
KGB, 457, 485
Khruschev, Nikita, 465
Kiev, 26, 70
Kipling, Rudyard, 276
Kirgizstan, 503
Kissinger, Henry, 323
Komi, 414–15
Korea, 217, 325, 326
Korean War, 472–73, 475, 491
kormlenie, 125
Kosciuszko, Tadeusz, 173, 193, 196–97, 199, 202, 206
Kossuth, Lajos, 237
Kowalevski, Sophie, 311
Kronstadt, 387
Kuchum, 115, 116
Kulikovo, battle of, 71–73
La Salle, René, 151
labour unrest, 351–56, 404
Lafayette, Marquis de, 172
Lakoba, Nestor, 463
Lakota Sioux, 282, 283
land, attitude to, 219–20
Langéron, Comte de, 175
languages, 501
Lansing, Robert, 350
leaders, power transfer, 198
League of Nations, 384
Lee, Henry, 209
Lee, Robert E., 265
left
America, 337, 342, 408, 448
authority, 444
Russia, 302, 342
see also communism; socialists
Lehman Brothers, 524
Lend-Lease Program, 428–29, 431–32
Lenin, Vladimir
Bolsheviks created, 341, 357
brother’s execution, 283
career, 359
death, 388
Marxism, 393, 396
October Revolution, 348–49
strikes, 353
Taylorism, 406
Leninism, 357
Lexington, 162, 163
liberation movements, 287, 444
liberty. See freedom
Lili’uokalani, Queen, 284
limited liability, 363–64
Lincoln, Abraham
American Civil War, 254, 259–61
civil rights, 272
Emancipation Proclamation, 262
Hungary, 237
Jews, 345
memory of, 266–67, 316
Lingan, James, 210
Listev, Vladislav, 508
Lithuania, 129
Little Bighorn, battle of, 280, 281
Little Turtle (Michikinikwa), 186
Lobachevski, Nikolai, 311
local regimes, 446
Lomonosov, Mikhail, 311
Long, Huey ‘Kingfish,’ 424–25
Long, James, 233
Lopez, Narcisco, 243
Louisburg, 153–55
Louisiana, 151, 152, 200
Lumumba, Patrice, 482
lynchings, 345, 418
Lysenko, Trofim, 391–92
Maciejowice, battle of, 196–97
Mackenzie, Alexander, 213
Macready, William, 240–41
Madison, James, 208, 209
Madoc ab Owan Gwynedd, 38–39
Maine, 288
Mainwaring, Henry, 45
Malvinas, 217
Manchuria, 327
manifest destiny
America, 95–96, 181, 244
Russia, 129, 181
Mansur, Sheikh, 239
Marcy, William Learned, 227
Marshall Plan, 441–42
Marx, Karl, 358
Marxism, 358–60, 396–97
Maryland, 53, 102
Masaryk, Jan, 437, 438
mass murder, 484
Massachusetts, 53, 179
Massachusetts Bay Company, 98–99
massacres
Conestoga, 157–58
East St. Louis, 344
Katyn, 465
My Lai, 491
Mystic, 86, 88
No Gun Ri, 491
Sand Creek, 280
see also pogroms
Mayflower, 92–93
McCarthy, Joseph, 497
McKinley, William, 286, 288, 289, 317, 335
media, 352–53, 439, 479, 543–44
Mediterranean, 216
Medvedev, Dmitry, 551
Mendelev, Dmitri, 311
Menendez, Pedro de, 47, 48
mercenary soldiers, 172–73. See also filibusters
Mexico, 233, 235–36, 243, 376, 528, 534
Michikinikwa (Litte Turtle), 186
Middle East, 437, 450–53
military force
America, 424, 459–60, 489, 492, 493
Russia, 489
military imperialism, 505
military leaders, 264
Miniconjou Sioux, 282
Minuit, Peter, 104
Miranda, Francisco de, 187
Mississippi, 190
Mississippian culture, 42–43
Mitrione, Dan, 486
modern values, 272
Moldova, 503
Molly Maguires, 351, 355
Mongolia, 396
Mongols, 65–68, 70–72
Monk, Maria, 223
monopolists, 321
Monroe Doctrine
Canada, 278
Carter Doctrine, 491
legal theory, 524
origin, 214, 447, 476
Roosevelt Corollary, 332
Wilson, 384
Monroe, James, 214
Montojo, Patricio, 289
Moors, 33
Morgan, Henry, 45–46
Morgan, John Pierpoint, 308
Morison, Samuel Eliot, 89, 309
Mosaddeq, Mohammed, 450–54
Moscow, 203
Moskvitin, Ivan, 117
Mueller, Gerhard, 27–28
Muravyev, Nikolay, 325
murder, mass, 484
Muscovy, 111
Muscovy Company, 49
My Lai massacre, 491
Myers, Abraham, 271
Mystic Massacre, 86, 88
Napoleon, 200–206
nationalism, 412
Native Americans, 39–43
campaigns against, 156–58, 265, 275, 280–83
diseases, 44, 52
English settlers, 51, 54
Fallen Timbers, 197
Florida, 230
/> Indian Removal Act, 231
land, 219–20
New England, 86–91
Tippecanoe, 208
treaties with, 186, 280
War of 1812, 217
wars, 87, 217
native leaders, 123
native religions, 122
navy, 215–17, 402–3, 492
Negroponte, John, 487
neo-imperialism, 444–45
New England, 86–89, 91–101, 105, 187
New Orleans, battle of, 210–11
New Sweden, 104
New York, 102, 249
Nicaragua, 241, 410, 487
Nicholas I, 199, 222, 236
Nicholas II, 199
abdication, 346
Asia, 324
assassination attempt, 335
autocracy, 342
Duma, 345
Manchuria, 327
October Manifesto, 336
pogroms, 343
role as tsar, 317
Nixon, Richard M., 480, 488, 489
No Gun Ri massacre, 491
nobility, 135–36
North Ossetia, 543
north-south divide, America, 206–7
Novgorod, 13, 22, 69–70, 76
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, 502
Obama, Barack, 550–51
October Manifesto, 336
October Revolution, 348
oil
America, 433–34, 443, 491, 492
corporations, 312, 370, 413, 434, 493
Iran, 451
markets, 539–40