Wiley's Real Latin

by Robert Maltby

  dēsiliō, dēsilere, dēsiluī – leap down

  dēsistō, dēsistere, dēstitī, dēstitum − desist; give over; (+ abl.) desist (from)

  dēspectus, -ūs (m.) – view down

  dēspiciō, dēspicere, dēspexī, dēspectum – look down upon; despise

  dēterreō, dēterrēre, dēterruī, dēterritum – frighten off; deter

  dētrahō, dētrahere, dētraxī, dētractum – take away from

  deus, deī (m.) – god

  dexter, -tra, -trum – right

  dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum – say

  diēs, -ēī (m.) – day

  differō, differre, distulī, dīlātum – be different; differ

  difficilis, -e – difficult

  dīgerō, dīgerere, dīgessī, dīgestum – separate; arrange

  dignitās, -ātis (f.) – dignity; excellence; honor

  dignus, -a, -um – worthy

  diligenter − diligently

  dīmicō, -āre – fight; struggle

  dīmittō, dīmittere, dīmīsī, dīmissum – dismiss; send away

  discēdō, discēdere, discessī, discessum – depart; (+ ab + abl.) depart (from); leave (from)

  discō, discere, didicī – learn

  discrīmen, -inis (n.) – crisis

  disertē – eloquently

  disputātio, -ōnis (f.) – argument; reasoning

  disserō, disserere, disseruī, dissertum – discuss; argue

  dissimulō, -āre – hide; conceal; dissimulate; pretend

  dissolūtus, -a, -um – careless; dissolute

  diūtius – longer

  diūturnus, -a, -um – long-lasting

  Diviciācus, -ī (m.) – Diviciacus, a leader of a Gallic tribe

  divīsus, -a, -um – divided

  do, dare, dedī, datum – give

  doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum – teach

  doctus, -a, -um – learned

  dolor, dolōris (m.) – pain; sorrow; grief

  domesticus, -a, -um – belonging to one's home; domestic

  domicilium, domiciliī (n.) – home

  dōnō, -āre – give; present (with)

  dubius, -a, -um – doubtful; sine dubiō – without doubt

  dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum – lead

  dum – while; as long as; provided that

  Dumnorix, -igis (m.) – Dumnorix, a Gallic leader

  duo, duae, duo – two (see Appendix 3)

  dūplex, -icis – double

  dux, dūcis (m.) – leader; commander; general

  Dyrrachīnī, -orum (m. pl.)– the Dyrrachini, a people of Illyria

  ēdūcō, ēdūcere, ēdūxī, ēductum – lead out

  effundō, effundere, effūdī, effūsum – pour forth; squander

  egeō, -ēre, eguī (+ abl.) − lack, need

  ego, meī – I; me

  ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum – march out; set out

  ēiciō, ēicere, ēiēcī, ēiectum – drive out; with sē: rush out

  elephantus, -ī (m.) – elephant

  emō, emere, ēmī, emptum – buy

  enim – for

  Ennius, Enniī (m.) – Ennius (a Roman poet 239–169 bc)

  eques, equitis (m.) – horseman; member of the cavalry

  equidem – truly

  equitātus, -ūs (m.) – cavalry

  equus, -ī (m.) – horse

  ergā (+ acc.) – towards; in respect of

  ēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptum – snatch; snatch away; take away

  errō, -āre – err; be wrong

  ērudītus, -a, -um – clever; skilled; erudite

  ērumpō, ērumpere, ērūpī, ēruptum – burst out

  et – and

  et … et – both … and

  etiam – even; also

  etsi – although

  ēvādō, ēvādere, ēvāsī – get away; escape

  ex (+ abl.) – from; out of; in accordance with (sometimes written e before a consonant)

  excēdō, excēdere, excessī, excessum – leave; walk out of

  exclūdō, exclūdere, exclūdī, exclūsum – shut out; hinder; prevent

  excors, -cordis – senseless; stupid

  excursio, -ōnis (f.) – assault; sally

  excūsātio, -ōnis (f.) – excuse

  excūsō, -āre – excuse; offer an excuse (for)

  exercitatio, -ōnis (f.) – exercise; practice

  exercitus, -ūs (m.) – army

  exhibeō, exhibēre, exhibuī, exhibitum – show; produce; give up

  exilium, exiliī (n.) – exile

  eximius, -a, -um – excellent; outstanding

  existimō, -āre – consider; think; judge

  exitium, exitiī (n.) – destruction

  expellō, expellere, expulsī, expulsum – expel

  expensum, -ī (n.) – payment; expense

  experior, experīrī, expertus sum – try

  expers, expertis – without; free from

  explicō, -āre – unfold; set forth; explain

  explorātor, -ōris (m.) – scout; spy

  expōnō, expōnere, exposuī, expositum – explain; disembark; put (troops) ashore

  exprobō, -are – reproach; charge

  exprōmō, exprōmere, exprom(p)sī, expromptum – bring forth; explain

  exsanguis, -e – bloodless, pale

  exspectātio, -ōnis (f.) – expectation

  exspectō, -āre (+ acc.) – wait for; await

  extrēmus, -a, -um – farthest; most distant

  faber, fabrī (m.) – workman

  Fabriciī, -ōrum (m. pl.) – the Fabricii, an aristocratic Roman family

  fābula, -ae (f.) – story; fable

  facilē – easily

  facinus, -oris (n.) – deed; crime

  faciō, facere, fēcī, factum – do; make

  fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsum – deceive

  falsus, -a, -um – false

  fāma, -ae (f.) – report; rumor; fame

  familia, -ae (f.) – (often plural) household; household slaves

  familiāris, -is (m.) – family member; acquaintance; friend

  familiāritās, -ātis (f.) – familiarity; friendship

  fānum, -ī (n.) – temple

  fateor, fatērī, fassus sum – admit; confess

  fātum, -ī (n.) – fate; (in plural) the Fates

  faucēs, -ium (f. pl.) – throat; jaws

  faveō, favēre, fāvī, fautum (+ dat.) – favor; be favorable (to)

  fēlīx, -īcis – happy

  fēmina, -ae (f.) – woman

  ferē – approximately; almost

  fermē – almost; for the most part

  ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum – carry; bear; endure; allow

  ferreus, -a, -um – iron-hearted

  ferrum, -ī (n.) – iron; sword

  fictus, -a, -um – (participle from fingo) false

  fidēs, fideī (f.) – faith; honesty; credibility

  figūra, -ae (f.) – figure; shape

  fīlius, fīliī (m.) – son

  fīnēs, -ium (m. pl.) – territory

  fingō, fingere, finxī, fictum – compose; arrange; form

  fīnis, -is (m.) – limit; end

  fīō, fierī, factus sum – be made; become; happen

  firmō, -āre – confirm; support

  firmus, -a, -um – firm; strong

  flagitium, flagitiī (n.) – shame; disgrace

  flagitō, -āre – demand

  fleō, flēre, flēvī, flētum – weep; cry

  flōreō, flōrēre, flōruī – flourish; be in good repute

  fluctus, -ūs (m.) – wave

  flūmen, -inis (n.) – river

  fons, fontis (f.) – spring; fountain; source

  forsitan – perhaps

  fortis, -e – brave

  fortūna, -ae (f.) – fortune

  fortūnātissimus, -a, -um – most fortunate

  forum, -ī (n.) – forum; market place

  fossa, -ae (f.) – ditch; trench />
  frāter, -tris (m.) – brother

  fraudātor, -ōris (m.) – cheat

  fraudō, -āre – act illegally; defraud

  frequenter – often

  frequentia, -ae (f.) throng; assembly

  fructus, -ūs (m.) – fruit; reward; enjoyment

  frūmentum, -ī (n.) – corn; grain; ear of corn

  fruor, fruī, fructus sum (+ abl.) − enjoy

  frux, frūgis (f.) – fruit; grain

  Fūfius Calēnus, -ī (m.) – Fufius Calenus, a tribune of the plebs

  fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitum – flee

  fungor, fungī, functus sum (+ abl.) − fulfill

  furō, furere, furuī – rage; be mad

  fūror, fūrārī, fūratus sum – steal

  Gabinius, -iī (m.) – Aulus Gabinius (a consul with Piso in 58 bc)

  Gaius, Gaiī (m.) – Gaius (abbreviated C.)

  Gallia, -ae (f.) – Gaul

  Gallia ulterior, Galliae ulterioris (f.) – further Gaul (the area of Gaul across the Alps)

  Garunna, -ae (m.) – a river in Gaul

  Genāva, -ae (f.) – Geneva

  genus, -eris (n.) – origin; nature; race; family

  Germānī, -ōrum (m. pl.) – the Germans

  gerō, gerere, gessī, gestum – wage; carry on

  glaciālis, -e – icy; frozen

  gladius, gladiī (m.) – sword

  glōria, -ae (f.) – glory; honor

  grandis, -e – large; great

  grātulor, grātulārī, grātulātus sum – congratulate

  gravis, -e – serious

  gravitās, -tātis (f.) – seriousness; dignity

  habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum – have; hold; consider

  Haeduī, -ōrum (m. pl.) – the Haedui, a people of Gaul (also written Aedui)

  haesitō, -āre – hesitate

  Hannibal, Hannibalis (m.) – Carthaginian leader during the Second Punic War (218–201 bc)

  haud – not

  Helvetiī, -ōrum (m. pl.) – the Helvetii, a people of Gaul

  hērēditās, hērēditātis (f.) – inheritance

  hībernus, -a, -um – (belonging to) winter

  hīc – here; in this place; at this point

  hic, haec, hoc – this; this man; this woman; this thing

  Hirtius, -iī (m.) – Aulus Hirtius, an acquaintance of Cicero

  Hispania, -ae (f.) – Spain

  hodiernus, -a, -um – of today; hodiernō dīē – on this very day

  homō, hominis (m.) – man; human

  honestus, -a, -um – honorable; honest

  hōra, -ae (f.) – hour

  hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum – encourage; urge

  hostis, -is (m.) – enemy

  iactō, -āre – throw about; drive here and there

  iam – now; already

  iam dūdum – (+ present tense) now for a long time

  Iānuarius, -a, -um – of or belonging to January

  idcircō – for this reason

  īdem … quī – the same … as

  īdem, eadem, idem – same; the same (see Appendix 2)

  idōneus, -a, -um (+ dat.) – suitable (for)

  Īdus, -uum (f. pl.) – Ides (March, May, July, October 15; 13 of other months)

  iecur, iecinoris (n.) – liver

  igitur – therefore; then; accordingly

  ignoscō, ignoscere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.) – forgive

  ille, illa, illud – that; that man; that woman; that thing

  illuc – to that place

  imbrifer, -era, -erum – rain-bringing

  imitor, imitārī, imitātus sum – imitate

  immātūrus, -a, -um – unripe; untimely

  immineō, imminēre – hang over; threaten

  immō vērō – no indeed

  immoderātus, -a, -um – wanton; unbridled

  immortālis, -e – immortal

  impedimenta, -ōrum (n. pl.) – baggage; (military) equipment

  impediō, impedīre, impedī(v)ī, impedītum – impede; prevent; hinder

  impedītus, -a, -um – weighed down; in difficulty

  impellō, impellere, impulsī, impulsum – urge, impel

  impendeō, impendēre, impendī, impensum – hang over; threaten

  imperātor, -ōris (m.) – general; emperor

  imperātōrius, -a, -um – of a general; belonging to a general

  imperō, -āre – (+ dat.) order

  impetus, -ūs (m.) – attack, charge

  impius, -a, -um – wicked; impious

  improbus, -a, -um – bad; wicked

  impudentia, -ae (f.) – impudence; shamelessness

  impūnē – with impunity

  in (+ abl.) – in; on; among

  in (+ acc.) – against; upon; into; onto

  in perpetuum – forever

  in posterum – for the future

  in prīmīs (also written as one word imprīmīs) – especially; above all

  incendō, incendere, incendī, incensum – set fire to; rouse

  incertus, -a, -um – uncertain; changing

  incitō, -āre – hasten; rush

  incolō, incolere, incoluī – dwell; inhabit

  incrēdibilis, -e − incredible

  indicium, indiciī (n.) – evidence

  indignus, -a, -um – unworthy; intolerable

  indūcō, indūcere, indūxī, inductum − induce

  inertia, -ae (f.) – idleness

  infāmia, -ae (f.) − disgrace

  inferō, inferre, intulī, illātum – bring in; introduce

  infestus, -a, -um – hostile

  infirmus, -a, -um – weak

  infitiātor, -ōris – bad debtor; defaulter

  ingenium, ingeniī (n.) – quality; nature; character

  inhorreō, inhorrēre – grow spiky

  iniciō, inicere, iniēcī, iniectum (+ dat.) – bring into; instill

  inimīcitia, -ae (f.) – enmity

  inīquus, -a, -um – unjust

  initium, initiī (n.) – beginning

  iniūria, -ae (f.) – injury; injustice

  innātus, -a, -um – inborn; innate

  innocens, -entis – innocent; harmless

  inopia, -ae (f.) – scarcity; lack

  inquit – he (she, it) says

  insector, insectārī, insectātus sum – pursue

  inserō, inserere, insēvī, insitum – implant

  insidiae, -ārum (f. pl.) – trap; ambush; plot

  insitus, -a, -um – implanted; fixed

  insolenter – unusually; immoderately; insolently

  instituō, instituere, instituī, institūtum – build; set up; establish

  institūtum, -ī (n.) – custom

  insula, -ae (f.) – island

  intelligō, intelligere, intellēxī, intellēctum – understand

  inter (+ acc.) – between

  interdictum, -ī (n.) – provisional decree

  interdum – from time to time

  interest − it matters (see Chapter 18)

  interficiō, interficere, interfēcī, interfectum – kill

  intermittō, intermittere, intermīsī, intermissum – leave out; discontinue; interrupt

  intrā (+ acc.) – within

  intus – inside

  inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum – find

  invideō, invidēre, invīdī, invīsum – envy

  invidia, -ae (f.) – envy; ill-will; hatred

  Īphicrates, -is (m.) – Iphicrates, a famous Athenian general (4th century bc)

  ipse, ipsa, ipsum – -self; -selves (see Appendix 2)

  īra, -ae (f.) – anger

  irascor, irascī, irātus sum – be angry with

  is, ea, id – he; she; it; this; that, etc.

  iste, ista, istud – that (of you/of yours); (pl.) those (for declension, see Appendix 2)

  ita – in this way; so; thus

  Ītalia, -ae (f.) – Italy

  iter, itineris (n.) – road; journey

  iter fac
iō, -ere – march

  iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussum – order; bid

  iucundus, -a, -um – sweet

  iūdex, -icis (m.) – judge

  iūdicium, iūdiciī (n.) – judgment; trial; sentence; court

  iūrō, -āre – swear (an oath)

  iūs, iūris (n.) – right; law; custom

  iustus, -a, -um – just

  iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum – help

  Ixīon, -onis (m.) – Ixion, punished in the Underworld, attached to an eternally revolving wheel

  L. Opimius, -iī – Lucius Opimius, consul 121 bc

  labor, -ōris (m.) – labor; toil

  Lacedaemoniī, -ōrum (m. pl.) – the Spartans

  lacrima, -ae (f.) – tear

  lactēns, -entis – milky

  laetitia, -ae (f.) – joy

  laetus, -a, -um – happy; joyful

  lapis, -idis (m.) – stone

  lateō, latēre, latuī – lie hidden

  latus, lateris (n.) – side

  laudātio, -ōnis (f.) – praise

  laudō, -āre – praise

  laus, laudis (f.) – praise

  Lāvīnius, -a, -um – belonging to Lavinia; Lavinian (city in Italy, founded by Aeneas in honor of his wife, Lavinia)

  laxō, -āre – spread out

  lectus, -ī (m.) – bed

  legātus, -ī (m.) – ambassador; envoy

  legō, legere, lēgī, lectum – read

  lēnitās, -ātis (f.) – kindness; leniency

  Lentulus, -ī (m.) – Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus, consul 56 bc

  lepidus, -a, -um – fine; charming

  libellus, -ī (m.) – little book

  libenter – willingly

  līber, -era, -erum – free; (m. pl.) līberī, -ōrum – children

  liber, librī (m.) – book

  līberālitās, -ātis (f.) – generosity; kindness

  līberius – more freely

  līberō, -āre – set free; (+ abl.) free (from)

  lībertās, -ātis (f.) – freedom

  libīdō, -inis (f.) – lust

  Libitīna, -ae (f.) – the goddess of corpses; Death

  Licinius, Liciniī – Publius Licinius, a friend of Caelius

  lignum, -ī (n.) – wood; (pl.) logs; firewood

  līmen, -inis (n.) – threshold

  lingua, -ae (f.) – language

  Liscus, -ī (m.) – Liscus, a Gallic leader (from the Haedui/Aedui)

  littera, -ae (f.) – letter; (pl.) letters, letter (i.e., epistle); written records; document; report

  lītus, -oris (n.) – shore

  locus, -ī (m.) place; position; opportunity; in the plural the gender is neuter – loca, locorum

  longē – far; a long way

  longus, -a, -um – long

  loquor, loquī, locūtus sum – speak

  Lūcīlius, -ii (m.) – Lucius Lucilius, an assistant to Aquilius (above)

  lūna, -ae (f.) – moon