luō, luere, luī – satisfy; pay (a debt); atone for
lupus, -ī (m.) – wolf
luxuriēs, -ēī (f.) – luxury; extravagance
M’. Aquilius, -iī (m.) – Manius Aquilius, defended by Marc Antony
magis – more
magister, magistrī (m.) – teacher
magistrātus, -ūs (m.) – magistracy; public office
magnificē – magnificently
magnitūdō, -inis (f.) – size; greatness; importance; extent
magnoperē – greatly
magnus, -a, -um – great; big
maiōrēs, -um (m. pl.) – ancestors
maiōrēs, -um natu – ancestors; previous generations
maleficium, -iī (n.) – crime; wicked deed
malus, -a, -um – bad
mancipium, mancipiī (n.) – slave
mandātum, -ī (n.) – order
mandō, -āre (+ dat.) – order; command
manipulāris, -is (m.) – common soldier
manipulus, -ī (m.) – an infantry unit; a company
Manliānus, -a, -um – belonging to Manlius
mansuetūdō, -inis (f.) – clemency; mercy
manus, -ūs (f.) – hand; hand-writing; band (of men)
mare, maris (n.) – sea
māter, -tris (f.) – mother
māteria, -ae (f.) – subject-matter
mātūrō, -āre (+ inf.) – hurry (to do something)
Maurītānia, -ae (f.) – Mauritania (a country of Africa)
maximē – very much; most
maximus, -a, -um – greatest
medius, -a, -um – in the middle; middle
mehercule – by Hercules
melior, -ōris – better
mellītus, -a, -um – made of honey; honeyed
meminī, meminisse − remember (occurs only in the perfect with present meaning)
memor, -oris – mindful; unforgiving
memoria, -ae (f.) – memory; remembering; recollection
mentio, -ōnis (f.) – mention
mentior, mentīrī, mentītus sum – lie
messis, -is (f.) – harvest
Metius – Marcus Metius, an envoy sent by Caesar to the German king, Ariovistus
metus, -ūs (m.) – fear
meus, -a, -um – my
migrō, -āre – go; depart
mīles, mīlitis (m.) – soldier
Milētus, -ī (m.) – a city in Asia Minor
militāris, -e – belonging to a soldier; relating to the military; military
Minerva, -ae (f.) – Minerva, goddess of wisdom, handicrafts (= Greek Athena)
minimē – least; least of all; not at all
minitor, minitārī, minitātus sum (+ acc. of the thing threatened + dat. of person) – threaten
miser, -era, -erum – wretched; unhappy; unfortunate
misereor, miserērī, miseritus sum (+ gen.) − pity
miseria, -ae (f.) – misery; misfortune
misericordia, -ae (f.) – pity
missio, -ōnis (f.) – sending
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum – send
Mitylēnae, -ārum (f. pl.) – Mytilene (capital city of Lesbos)
moderātio, -ōnis (f.) – moderation
modus, -ī (m.) – limit
moenia, -ium (n. pl.) – city walls; walls
molestē – with annoyance
molestē ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum – take badly; be annoyed at
molestus, -a, -um – troublesome; annoying
molior, molīrī, molītus sum – undertake; set in motion
mollior, -ōris – milder
mōmentum, -ī (n.) – weight; importance
moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum – warn
mōns, montis (m.) – mountain
monstrum, -ī (n.) – monster
Morīnī, -ōrum – Morini (a people of Gaul)
morior, morī, mortuus sum – die
moror, morārī, morātus sum – delay
mors, mortis (f.) – death
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtum – move; influence; (of strings) pluck
muliebris, -e – of a woman
mulier, -eris (f.) – woman
mulierārius, -a, -um – belonging to a woman; sent by a woman
multitūdō, -inis (f.) – large number; crowd
multus, -a, -um – much; (pl.) many
mundus, -ī (m.) – world
mūniō, mūnīre, mūnīvī, mūnītum – build a wall around; fortify
mūnītio, -ōnis (f.) – fortification
Murgentīnus, -a, -um – Murgentian (Murgentia – a city in Sicily)
mūtō, -āre – change
nam – for
narrō, -āre – tell; relate; report
nascor, nascī, nātus sum – be born
Natālis, -is (m.) – Birthday Spirit
nātūra, -ae (f.) – nature
nātus, -ūs (m.) – birth; age (occurs only in the abl. sing.)
nāvis, nāvis (f.) – ship
nē … quidem – not even
necessārius, -a, -um – necessary
necessārius, necessāriī (m.) – friend; relation; close associate
necō, -āre − kill
nefārius, -a, -um – abominable; wicked
neglegō, neglegere, neglēxī, neglectum – neglect; disregard
negō, -āre – say … not; deny
nēmō, nūllius (m. and f.) – no (one)
neque … nec – neither … nor
nervus, -ī (m.) – string (of a musical instrument)
neuter, neutra, neutrum – neither (of two)
nisi – unless; if … not; except
nītor, nītī, nīsus (or nixus) sum – strive
nōbilitās, -ātis (f.) − nobility
nōbilitō, -āre – (passive) be famous
noceō, nocēre, nocuī, nocitum – harm
noctū – by night
nocturnus, -a, -um – beloging to the night; nocturnal
nōmen, -inis (n.) – name; noun; item (in an account book)
nōminātim – by name
nōminō, -āre – name; call
nōn – not
nōn mē fugit – I am not unaware
nōn modo – not only
nōn modo … sed etiam – not only … but also
nōn sōlum – not only
nōn sōlum … sed etiam – not only … but also
nōs, nostrī (nostrum) – we
noscō, noscere, nōvi, nōtum – come to know; become acquainted with; in the perfect = know
noster, -stra, -strum – our
Noviodūnum, -ī (n.) – Noviodunum, a town in Gaul
novus, -a, -um – new
nūdō, -āre – strip; lay bare; leave defenseless
nullus, -a, -um – not any; none (sometimes best translated as “not”)
numerus, -ī (m.) – number
Numida, -ae (m.) – Numidian
nummus, -ī (m.) – coin
nunc – now
nūtus, -ūs (m.) – nod; will
ob (+ acc.) – on account of; because of
obeō, obīre, obī(v)ī, obitum – travel through
oblīviscor, oblīviscī, oblītus sum (+ gen.) − forget
obscūritās, -ātis (f.) – darkness; obscurity
obsequor, obsequī, obsecūtus sum – submit to; obey
obstō, obstāre, obstitī, obstātum – stand in the way of; hinder
obstringō, obstringere, obstrinxī, obstrictum – bind; hamper
obtineō, obtinēre, obtinuī; obtentum – hold; obtain; acquire; possess
obviam (+ dat.) – in the way of; obviam venīre (+ dat.) – come to meet
occāsio, -ōnis (f.) – occasion; opportunity
occidō, occidere, occidī, occāsum – fall down; set (of sun)
occultē – in secret
occurrō, occurrere, occurrī, occursum (+ dat.) – meet
Oceanus, -ī (m.) – Ocean
oculus, -ī (m.)
– eye
offendō, offendere, offendī, offensum – displease; offend
offensio, -ōnis (f.) – offense
officium, officiī (n.) – duty; function
omittō, omittere, omīsī, omissum – give up; neglect; reject
omnīnō – completely; altogether
omnis, -e – all
onerārius, -a, -um – carrying freight
onus, -eris (n.) – burden; trouble
opīnio, -ōnis (f.) – opinion; belief
oportet, oportuit (occurs only in 3rd person singular + infinitive) – one ought to; it is necessary to
Oppianicus, -ī (m.) – Oppianicus; step-father of Cluentius whom Cluentius was accused of poisoning
oppidum, -ī (n.) – town
opportūnissimus, -a, -um – most opportune
oppugnātio, -ōnis (f.) – attack
oppugnō, -āre – attack
optimus, -a, -um – best
optō, -āre – desire; choose
opus, -eris (n.) – work
opus est (+ abl.) – there is need of
ōra, -ae (f.) – border; margin; edge; shore
ōrātio, -ōnis (f.) – speech; language
ōrātor, -ōris (m.) – orator
ōrātōrius, -a, -um – relating to oratory
orbis, orbis (m.) – wheel
ordo, -inis (m.) – rank
orior, orīrī, ortus sum – rise; originate; begin
ornamentum, -ī (n.) – equipment; ornament
ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostensum – show; indicate
P. Lentulus, -i (m.) – Publius Lentulus, a fellow-conspirator with Catiline
P. Quinctius, -ii (m.) – Publius Quinctius, defended by Cicero
pābulātor, -ōris (m.) – forager
pābulō, -āre – forage (for food)
paene – almost; scarcely
paenitet − it repents (see Chapter 18)
palam – openly
Pān (gen. Pānos; acc. Pāna) (m.) – Pan
parātior, -ōris – more ready
parcō, parcere, pepercī, parsum (+ dat.) – spare
parens, -entis (m.) – parent
pāreō, pārēre, pāruī, pāritum (+ dat.) – obey
parō, -āre – prepare; (+ inf.) prepare (to)
pars, partis (f.) – part; division
particeps, -cipis (m.) – participant; partner
parvus, -a, -um – small
patefaciō, patefacere, patefēcī, patefactum – reveal
pateō, patēre, patuī − lay open
pater, -tris (m.) – father
patior, patī, passus sum – put up with; suffer; endure; undergo
patria, -ae (f.) – homeland
patrimōnium, patrimōniī (n.) – inheritance; patrimony
patrius, -a, -um – belonging to one's father; belonging to one's forefathers; ancestral
paulisper – for a little while
paulō – a little
pax, pācis (f.) – peace
peccō, -āre – commit an offense
pecūnia, -ae (f.) – money
peditēs, -um (m. pl.) – infantry
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsum – repel; drive back
per (+ acc.) – through
percipiō, percipere, percēpī, perceptum – understand
perditus, -a, -um – (participle from perdo) degenerate; ruined; broken
perdō, perdere, perdidī, perditum – destroy; ruin
perfundō, perfundere, perfūdī, perfūsum – moisten; bathe; fill
pergō, pergere, perrexī, perrectum − proceed
perīculum, -ī (n.) – danger; risk
permisceō, permiscēre, permiscuī, permixtum – mix
permoveō, permovēre, permōvi, permōtum – move deeply; influence
perniciēs, -ēī (f.) – disaster; destruction
perpetuus, -a, -um – enduring; lasting
persequor, persequī, persecūtus sum – pursue
perspiciō, perspicere, perspexī, perspectum – look at; examine; consider closely
perspicuē – clearly; manifestly
persuādeō, persuādēre, persuāsī, persuāsum (+ dat.) – persuade
perturbātus, -a, -um – troubled
perturbō, -āre – perturb; frighten; throw into confusion
perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum (+ ad + acc.) – come to; arrive at
pestis, -is (m.) – plague
petō, petere, petīvī, petītum – seek; seek out; attack; (+ ab + abl.) ask of
pietās, -ātis (f.) – piety; loyalty; respect
piget − it troubles (see Chapter 18)
pīlum, -ī (n.) – javelin
piscīna, -ae (f.) – fish-pond
placeō, placēre, placuī, placitum – please
placō, -āre – calm; appease; placate
plānē – clearly; completely; entirely; certainly
plebs, plēbis (m.) – the people
plēnus, -a, -um – full
plūrimum – greatest; most; exceedingly
plūrimus, -a, -um – most; a great many
poena, -ae (f.) – punishment; penalty
poēta, -ae (m.) – poet
Polemarchus, -ī (m.) – Polemarchus (a man's name)
polliceor, pollicērī, pollicitus sum – promise
Pompeius, -ī (m.) – Pompey, a Roman general, opponent of Julius Caesar
pondus, -eris (n.) – weight
pons, pontis (m.) – bridge
pontifex, pontificis (m.) – high priest
populus, -ī (m.) – people
porta, -ae (f.) – gate
portō, -āre – carry
portus, -ūs (m.) – port
possideō, possidēre, possēdī, possessum – hold; possess
possum, posse, potuī – be able; have power; have influence
post (+ acc.) – after
posteāquam – after that; from that time
posteritās, -ātis (f.) – future generations; posterity
posterus, -a, -um – next; following; future
posthāc – in future
postquam – after
potior, potīrī, potītus sum (+ abl.) − take possession of
potissimum – especially
potius – rather
praecaveō, praecavēre, praecāvī, praecautum – to take care (in advance)
praecēdō, praecēdere, praecessī, praecessum – excel; surpass; precede
praeceptum, -ī (n.) – precept; rule
praeclārus, -a, -um – magnificent; opulent; valuable
praeda, -ae (f.) − booty
praedicātio, -ōnis (f.) – proclamation
praedor, praedāri, praedātus sum – plunder
praefectus, -ī (m.) – commander; prefect
praeferō, praeferre, praetulī, praelātum – carry in front; put on display
praemittō, praemittere, praemīsī, praemissum – send ahead; send in advance
praepōnō, praepōnere, praeposuī, praepositum – (+ dat.) put in charge (of)
praescriptio, -ōnis (f.) – precept; rule
praesidium, praesidiī (n.) – defense; protection; guard
praestans, -antis – outstanding
praestō, praestāre, praestitī, praestātum – be superior to; surpass; guarantee
praetereā – besides
praetereō, praeterīre, praeterī(v)ī, praeteritum – pass over; omit
praetermittō, praetermittere, praetermīsī, praetermissum – pass over; leave out
praetor, -ōris (m.) – praetor (Roman official)
prāvus, -a, -um – crooked; vicious; depraved
pretium, pretiī (n.) – price
prīdiē – on the day before
prīmā nocte – at nightfall
prīmum – in the first place; first
prīmus, -a, -um – first; early
princeps, -cipis – first; most eminent
princeps, -cipis (m.) – prince; chief; lead
er
principātus, -ūs (m.) – commander-in-chief
prior, -ōris – former
pristīnus, -a, -um – former
prīvātus, -ī (m.) – private citizen
prō (+ abl.) – on behalf of; before
probābilior, -ōris – more likely
prōcurrō, prōcurrere, prōcurrī, prōcursum – run forward
prōdigium, prōdigiī (n.) – monster; prodigy
prōdō, prōdere, prōdidī, prōditum – betray
prōducō, prōdūcere, prōdūxī, prōductum – lead forward
proelior, proeliārī, proeliātus sum – battle
proelium, proeliī (n.) – battle
proelium (acc. n. sing.) committō, committere, commīsī, commissum – join battle
profectio, -ōnis (f.) – setting out
profectō – surely
prōferō, prōferre, prōtulī, prōlātum – bring forward
proficiscor, proficiscī, profectus sum – set out
profiteor, profitērī, professus sum – declare; confess; admit
profugus, -ī (m.) – fugitive; exile
prōhibeō, prōhibēre, prōhibuī, prōhibitum – keep out; prevent
propinquus, -a, -um – neighboring; nearby; (+ dat.) near (to); related (to)
propinquus, -i (m.) – relative
propius – nearer
prōpōnō, prōpōnere, prōposuī, prōpositum – set out; threaten
prōpraetor, -ōris (m.) – propraetor (a Roman magistrate)
propter (+ acc.) – on account of
propterea quod – because
prōvideō, prōvidēre, prōvīdī, prōvīsum – exercise foresight; look after; take thought for
provincia, -ae (f.) – province
proximus, -a, -um – next to; following
Ptolomaeus, -i (m.) (also Ptolemaeus) – ruler of Egypt; brother of Cleopatra
pūblicus, -a, -um – public
pudet − it shames (see Chapter 18)
pudīcitia, -ae (f.) – modesty; virtue
puella, -ae (f.) – girl
puer, puerī (m.) – boy
pugnō, -āre – fight; (+ cum + abl.) – fight with; fight against
pulcher, -chra, -chrum – beautiful; handsome
purgō, -āre − purge; cleanse
Q. Titinius, -iī (m.) – Quintus Titinius, a jurist and Fannius’ brother (see above)
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītum – ask; inquire; seek
quaestor, -ōris (m.) – quaestor (public official; magistrate)
quamdiū – for as long as
quantus, -a, -um – how great
quartus, -a, -um – fourth
quasi – as if; as it were
-que – and (added to the end of a word: arma virumque canō – I sing of arms and the man)
quī, quae, quod – who; which; that
quia – since; because
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam – a certain
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