From SAS to Blood Diamond Wars
Page 31
So Mr Norman bled from the day of the operation, i.e. 8/2/07, not knowing how much blood he lost during the operation, until the day he died i.e. 14 days. During all this period his haemoglobin was tested only once and two days before he died. After that one blood transfusion of two pints, he developed High Fever and Rigor. Was his anaemia not responsible for his sudden collapse while attempting to lie on the bed for examination and [he] died a few minutes later? While we talk of his cardiac condition at autopsy, especially the recent infarction, yet I am of the view that the severe anaemia had not allowed sufficient blood to the cardiac muscles. Would the Coronary Arteries’ Atheromatous and Stenotic conditions not have been detected in a well-equipped hospital? This serious condition of the heart would of been diagnosed and a decision taken before the day of the operation. The ECG report on the 20th February 2007 indicated that the Anaemia was responsible for the Anomaly. Why was the patient continuously bleeding from the day of the operation to the time of his death? In my opinion, if this patient was admitted in a well-equipped hospital all these anomalies would have been detected before it was too late.
Even if the patient had survived the collapse of the 22nd February 2007, the fractured two ribs and hemothorax was another severe complication that would have kept him in the hospital for a longer time. This was definitely preventable in a modern and well-equipped hospital.
Conclusion
While I do accept the autopsy findings, yet I have the follow remarks:
The hospital was not ideal to handle such cases.
If the hospital was indeed ideal, then Mr Norman was regarded as a prisoner or a detainee, hence kept in a cubicle without proper medical care.
No proper investigation was done prior to his hospitalisation or after his collapse on the 20th February 2007.
Two pints of blood were not sufficient for an obese person with such low haemoglobin.
The two weeks of post operative bleeding was definitely an indication that something was wrong and needed thorough and immediate attention. That the continuous bleeding was indeed responsible for the severe anaemia, hence his collapse on the two occasions and even some aspects of the myocardial conditions.
In my opinion therefore, while I do still accept the autopsy findings, yet I do record here that Mr Sam Hinga Norman died due to medical negligence and the failure of the Special Court to provide the enabling environment i.e. proper medical facilities for his treatment (hospital).
Dr Albert J. E. Demby
Notes
Chapter 1
1. Alan Hoe interview.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. The Independent, 18 January 1996.
5. Alan Hoe interview.
6. The Independent, 18 January 1996.
7. Alan Hoe interview.
8. Peter Flynn interview.
Chapter 2.
1. The Independent January, 28, 1999.
2. Alastair Riddell correspondence.
3. Ibid.
4. P. Scholey, SAS Heroes:Remarkable Soldiers, Extraordinary Men (Botley, Oxford, Osprey Publishing, 2008), p.180.
5. Rudiger Bruns, ‘Hostage of the Revolutionary United Front’ [Appendix 1].
6. Ibid.
7. Alastair Riddell correspondence.
8. Rudiger Bruns, ‘Hostage of the Revolutionary United Front’.
9. Ibid.
Chapter 3
1. Col Rudolph (Roelf) van Heerden interview.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. J.Hooper, ‘Executive Outcomes in Sierra Leone’, Combat & Militaria, Vol. 3, No. 4, January, 1996, p. 14.
6. Ibid. p. 16.
7. Col Rudolph (Roelf) van Heerden interview.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. J. Hooper, Bloodsong:First Hand Accounts of a Modern Private Army in Action (London, Collins 2003) p.162.
11. Fred Marafono papers.
12. President Kabbah, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 5 August,2003, para. 20.
13. Peter Flynn interview.
14. Fred Marafono papers.
16. Ibid.
16. Peter Flynn interview.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
Chapter 4
1. Truth and Reconciliation Commission, vol. 3a, chpt. 3, para 647, http://trcsierraleone.org/ drwebsite.
2. Col Rudolph (Roelf) van Heerden interview.
3. Ibid.
4. Abidjan Accord, http://www.sierra-leone.org/abidjanaccord.html.
5. Statement By President Kabbah to Peace and Reconciliation Commission, 5 August 2003, para. 20. http://www.sierra-leone.org/kabbah080503.html.
6. Ibid, para. 19.
7. Ibid, para. 19.
8. Sierra Leone News, 30 January 1997, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0197.html.
9. Sierra Leone News, 3 February, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0297.html.
10. Ibid, 3 February 1997.
11. Ibid, 14 February 1997.
12. Sierra Leone News, 7 March, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0397.html.
13. Ibid, 6 March 1997.
14. Ibid, 25 March 1997.
15. Churchill Archives Centre, Penfold Papers, pp. 40–41.
16. Truth and Reconciliation Commission, vol. 3a, chpt. 3, para 673.
17. Churchill Archives Centre, Penfold Papers, p. 33.
18. Ibid. p. 33.
19. Ibid., p. 33.
Chapter 5
1. Truth and Reconciliation Commission, vol. 3a, chpt. 3, para 688.
2. Churchill Archives Centre, Penfold Papers, p. 34.
3. Ibid. p. 34.
4. Ibid. p. 35.
5. Sierra Leone news, 28 May 1997,http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0597.html.html.
6. Churchill Archives Centre, Penfold Papers, p. 36.
7. Ibid. p. 37.
8. Sierra Leone news, 30 May.
9. Peter Penfold interview.
10. Truth and Reconciliation Commission, vol. 3a, chpt. 3, paras 698–9 .
11. Ibid. para 696.
12. Ibid. para 700.
13. Sierra Leone news, 20 June 1997, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0697.html.
14. Truth and Reconciliation Commission, vol. 3a, chpt. 3, para 704.
15. Ibid. para 741.
16. Churchill Archives Centre, Penfold Papers, p. 42.
17. Ibid. pp.41–2.
18. Truth and Reconciliation Commission, vol. 3a, chpt. 3, para 707.
19. Ibid. para 735.
20. Ibid. para 756.
Chapter 6
1. M. M. Khobe, ‘The Evolution and Conduct of ECOMOG Operations in West Africa.’ Boundaries of Peace Support Operations, Monograph 44, February 2000.
2. H. Ross, Paddy Mayne, p.134.
3. Fred Marafono papers.
4. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
5. Peter Penfold interview.
6. Sierra Leone News, 8 October 1997, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews1097.html.
7. Security Council Resolution – 1132.
8. Sierra Leone News, 23 October 1997.
9. Fred Marafono papers.
10. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
11. Tijjani Easterbrook correspondence.
12. Ibid.
13. Sierra Leone News, December 1997, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews1297.html.
14. Churchill Archives Centre, Penfold Papers, p. 43.
15. Ibid., p. 44.
16. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
17. The Times, May 15 1998.
18. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
19. Ibid.
20. Sierra Leone News, 7 January 1998, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0198.html.
21. Ibid., 19 January 1998.
22. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
23. Ibid.
24. Peter Penfold interview.
25. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Sierra Leone News, 17 March 1998, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0398.html.
29. Tshisukka Tukayula (TT) De Abreu interview.
30. The Sunday Times, 10 May 1998.
31. Sierra Leone News, 11 March 1998.
32. Newswave, October 1998, p.23.
33. Ibid., p. 24.
34. Johann (Juba) Joubert correspondence.
35. Fred Marafono papers.
Chapter 7
1. Peter Penfold interview.
2. Churchill Archives Centre, Penfold Papers, p. 44.
3. Ibid., p. 45.
4. Ibid., p. 45.
5. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
6. E. Barlow, Executive Outcomes: Against All Odds (Alberton, Republic of South Africa, Galago Books, 1999) p. 275.
7. The Times, 9 May 1998.
8. The Sunday Times, 10 May 1998.
9. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
10. Churchill Archives Centre, Penfold papers, p. 48.
11. Hansard, 27 July 1998, vol. 317, c. 19.
12. Peter Penfold interview.
13. Peter Penfold personal papers.
14. Peter Penfold interview.
15. Ibid.
16. The Times, 15 May 1998 (first edition).
17. Peter Penfold interview.
18. Churchill Archives, Penfold papers, p. 49.
19. Peter Penfold interview.
20. Churchill Archives Centre, Penfold papers, pp. 48–9.
21. Ibid., p. 46.
22. Tim Spicer (3 February 2010) was happy to be included in the quote.
23. Peter Penfold interview.
24. Hansard, 27 July 1998, vol., 317, cc. 19–35.
25. Peter Penfold interview.
26. Hansard, 27 July 1998, vol., 317, cc. 19–35.
27. Churchill Archives Centre, Penfold papers, pp. 46–7.
28. Hansard, 27 July 1998, vol., 317, cc. 19–35.
29. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
30. House of Commons – Foreign Affairs – Second Report, para. 10.
31. Ibid., para. 63.
32. Ibid., para. 68.
33. Ibid., para. 42.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid., para. 71.
36. Hansard, 27 July 1998, vol., 317, cc. 19–35.
37. Peter Penfold interview.
38. Ibid.
Chapter 8
1. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
2. Tijjani Easterbrook correspondence.
3. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
4. Command Sergeant Major (retired) US Special Forces.
5. Ibid.
6. Sendaba Meri’s statement to Board of Inquiry, Fred Marafono papers.
7. Military contractor’s statement to Board of Inquiry, Fred Marafono papers.
8. Tijjani Easterbrook correspondence.
9. Ibid.
10. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
11. Ibid.
12. Sierra Leone news, 19 December 1998, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews1298.html.
13. Sierra Leone news, 8 January 1999, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0199.html.
14. General Sir David Richards’ testimony at the Special Court for Sierra Leone.
15. Ibid.
16. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
17. Sierra Leone news, 28 April 1999, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0499.html.
18. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
19. Fred Marafono papers.
20. Tijjani Easterbrook correspondence.
21. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Sierra Leone news, 12 May 1999, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0599.html.
Chapter 9
1. H. Ross, Paddy Mayne: Lt Col Blair ‘Paddy’ Mayne, 1 SAS Regiment (Stroud, The History Press), p. 104.
2. Ibid. p. 191.
3. Johann (Juba) Joubert interview.
4. Peter Penfold interview.
5. Ibid.
6. Sierre Leone news, 8 September 2000,http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0900html.
7. Ibid., 22 May 2000, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0500html.
8. Ibid., 9 May 2000.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., 12 May 2000.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid., 24 May 2000.
13. S. Griffin, quoted in Roberson, p. 49.
14. W. G. Roberson, ‘British Military Intervention into Sierra Leone: A Case Study.’ Master’s thesis for Faculty of the US Army Command and General Staff College, 2007, p. 81.
15. Sierra Leone news, 15 August 2000, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0800html.
16. Ibid., 12 August 2000.
17. W. Fowler, Operation Barras: The SAS Rescue Mission, 2000 (London, Cassell, 2004), p. 124.
18. W. G. Roberson, p. 62.
19. House of Commons Library, British defence policy since 1997. RP08/57, 27 June 2008, pp. 58–9.
20. MoD Press Release, serial number 472.
21. Ibid.
22. Sierra Leone news, 30 October 2000, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews1000html.
23. A. Forna, The Devil that Danced on the Water: A Daughter’s Memoir of Her Father, Her Family, Her Country and a Continent (London, Flamingo, 2003), pp. 386–7.
Chapter 10
1. Florence Norman interview.
2. Norman family papers.
3. Fred Marafono papers.
4. M. Nesbitt, ‘Lessons from the Sam Hinga Norman Decision of the Special Court for Sierra Leone’, p. 1.
5. Sierra Leone News, 5 March 2003, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0303.html.
6. P. Penfold, ‘The Tangled Web of Sierra Leone’s Special Court,’ Africa Analysis No. 491, 28 April.
7. Truth & Reconciliation Commission, database, 5 October 2004.
8. Peter Penfold interview.
9. Sierra Leone News, 10 March 2003.
10. Ibid., 18 March 2003.
11. Ibid., 2 April 2003, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Archives/sinews0403html.
12. D. Dimmock, ‘Washing rejects the ICC,’ http://www.choike.org/.
13. P. Penfold, ‘The Tangled Web of Sierra Leone’s Special Court.’
14. Peter Penfold interview.
15. Ibid.
16. Norman family papers.
17. Ibid.
18. Sierra Leone News, 7 April 2003.
19. G. Sereny, Albert Speer: His Battle with Truth, (London, Picador), p. 573.
20. Norman family papers.
21. Ibid.
22. Alfred SamForay correspondence, 21 August 2009.
23. Norman family papers.
24. Ibid.
25. Alfred SamForay correspondence, 21 August 2009.
26. Peter Penfold interview.
27. Fred Marafono papers.
28. Roelf van Heerden interview.
29. Hinga Norman Defence Fund, Press Statement, 24 March 2003.
30. Norman family papers.
31. M. Nesbitt, ‘Lessons from the Sam Hinga Norman Decision’, p.12.
32. Truth & Reconciliation Commission, para., 839.
33. Fred Marafono papers.
34. Truth & Reconciliation Commission, para., 839.
35. Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone.
36. Norman family papers.
37. Ibid.
38. Roelf van Heerdon interview.
39. Ibid.
40. Fred Marafono papers.
41. Ibid.
42. Florence Norman interview.
43. Sam Norman Jr interview.
44. Norman family papers.
45. P. Penfold, ‘The Tangled Web of Sierra Leone’s Special Court.’
46. Norman family papers.
47. Ibid.
48. Ibid.
49. Fred Marafono papers.
50. Norman family papers.
51. Newswave, p.24.
52. Fred Marafono papers.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid.
55. Norman family papers.
56. Ibid.
57. P. Penfold, ‘The Tangled Web of Sierra Leone’s Special Court’.
58. Peter Penfold interview.
59. Fred Marafono papers.
60. Special Court Press Release, 16 July 2007.
61. Norman family papers.
62. Ibid.
63. S. Kamara & M. Nijie, ‘Hinga Norman Located’, Awareness Times, p.1, http://www.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_20054822.shtml.
64. Norman family papers.
65. Ibid.
66. Ibid.
67. Ibid.
68. Lansana Jawara, ‘My Recollection of Events that Led to the Death of Chief Sam Hinga Norman in Senegal’, Norman family papers.
69. Ibid.
70. Ibid.
Chapter 11
1. Newswave, October 1998, p.23.
2. Peter Penfold interview.
3. Ibid.
4. Gen Sir David Richards’ testimony at the Special Court for Sierra Leone.
5. Ibid.
6. Peter Penfold interview.
7. Dr Joe Demby’s Report, Observations on Autopsy of Hinga Norman for Special Court of Sierra Leone, Peter Penfold Papers.
8. Special Court for Sierra Leone Press Release, 16 July 2007.
9. Ibid.
10. Peter Penfold interview.
11. Ibid.
12. Fred Marafono papers.
13. Doug Brooks, President of IPOA, correspondence, 2 April 2010.
14. Doug Brooks, interview by Stephen Mbogo, ‘Privatising Peacekeeping’, West Africa, Issue 4244, 18–24 September 2000, p. 21.
15. Peter Penfold interview.
Appendix 2
1. Eeben Barlow, Executive Outcomes, p. 541.
2. Tim Spicer, correspondence, 30 March 2010.
3. Johann(Juba) Joubert, 23 April 2010.
4. Eeben Barlow, Executive Outcomes, p.541.
Bibliography
Barlow, Eeben. Executive Outcomes: Against all Odds. Alberton, Republic of South Africa: Galago Books, 1999 (2007 edn).