The Time Traveler's Guide to Medieval England: A Handbook for Visitors to the Fourteenth Century
Page 39
Michael Prestwich, “The Court of Edward II,” in Gwilym Dodd and Anthony Musson (eds.), The Reign of Edward II: New Perspectives (Wood-bridge: York Medieval Press, in association with the Boydell Press with the Centre for Medieval Studies; University of York, 2006), pp. 61-75.
PROME: Chris Given-Wilson (ed.), The Parliamentary Rolls of Medieval England, 1275-1504 (CD edn, 2005).
Ralph B. Pugh, Calendar of London Trailbaston Trials under Commissions of 1305 and 1306 (London: HMSO, 1975).
———, Wiltshire Gaol Delivery and Trailbaston Trials 1275-1306, vol. 33 (Trow-bridge: Wiltshire Record Society, 1978).
T. B. Pugh, Imprisonment in Medieval England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968).
Carole Rawcliffe, Medicine and Society in Later Medieval England (Stroud: Alan Sutton, 1995; reprint 1999).
Compton Reeves, Pleasures and Pastimes in Medieval England (Stroud; Alan Sutton, 1995).
Henry Thomas Riley (ed.), Chronica Monasterii S. Albani: Thomae Walsingham, quondam Monachi S. Albani, Historia Anglicana, 2 vols. (London: Longmans & Company, 1863-64).
Henry Thomas Riley (ed.), Memorials of London and London Life in the Xlllth, XlVth and XVth Centuries (London: Longmans, Green, 1868).
Charlotte Roberts and Keith Manchester, The Archaeology of Disease, 2nd ed. (Ithaca, N.Y; Cornell University Press, 1997).
Margery M. Rowe and and John M. Draisey (eds.), The Receivers’ Accounts of the City of Exeter 1304-1353, (Exeter: Devon and Cornwall Record Society 1989).
Owen Ruffhead (ed.), The Statutes at Large, from Magna Charta to the end of the Last Parliament, 1761, 8 vols. (London: M. Basket, 1763-64).
L. F. Salzman, Building in England down to 1540: A Documentary History (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952; reissued 1992; special edition 1997).
———, English Life in the Middle Ages (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1926).
A. F Scott (ed.), Every One a Witness, The Plantagenet Age (London: White Lion, 1975).
Reginald R. Sharpe (ed.), Calendar of the Letter Books of the City of London, F 1337–1352 (London: John Edward Francis for the Corporation, 1904).
Caroline Shenton, “Edward III and the Coup of 1330,” in J. S. Bothwell (ed.), The Age of Edward III (Woodbridge; York Medieval Press in association with The Boydell Press, 2001), pp. 13-34.
Timothy A. Shonk, “A Study of the Auchinleck Manuscript: Bookmen and Bookmaking in the Early Fourteenth Century,” Speculum, 60 (1985), pp. 71-91.
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Rudolf Simek, Heaven and Earth in the Middle Ages, Angela Hall, trans. (Wood-bridge: Boydell, 1996).
Joshua Toulmin Smith (ed.), English Gilds (Oxford: Early English Text Society, 1870).
Lucy Toulmin Smith (ed.), Expeditions to Prussia and the Holy Land made by Henry Earl of Derby . . . in the Years 1390-91 and 1392-93 (London: Camden Society, 1894).
Society of Antiquaries of London, A Collection of Ordinances and Regulations for the Government of the Royal Household (London: Society of Antiquaries of London, 1790).
W. B. Stephens, “Literacy in England, Scotland and Wales 1500-1900,” History of Education Quarterly, 20, 4 (1990), pp. 545-71.
E. L. G. Stones, “The Folvilles of Ashby-Folville, Leicestershire, and Their Associates in Crime, 1326-1347,” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th series, 7 (1957), pp. 117-36.
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TNA: The National Archives, Kew (formerly the Public Record Office).
Thomas Frederick Tout, The Place of the Reign of Edward II in English History, 2nd ed. Manchester: The University Press, 1936.)
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Westman: see Hanawalt Westman
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J. H. Wylie, The History of England under King Henry TV, 4 vols. (London: Longmans, 1884-98).
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Philip Zeigler, The Black Death (London: Collins, 1969).
Illustrations
All the images in this volume have been kindly provided by the British Library, from manuscripts in their collections. The author is grateful for permission to reproduce them.
Section 1
Wheel of Fortune, from a mid-fifteenth-century copy of Lydgate’s Troy Book (Royal 18 D. II fol. 30v).
Alexander the Great given white elephants, from an early-fifteenth-century romance (Royal 20 B. XX fol. 82v).
Lady at her toilet, from the Luttrell Psalter, c. 1325-40 (Add. MS 42,130 fol. 63r).
Woman wearing a wimple, from a philosophical tract illuminated in Paris, c. 1300 (Burney275 fol. 166r).
Women reaping at harvesttime, from the Luttrell Psalter, c. 1325-40 (Add. MS 42,130 fol. 172v).
Woman being beaten by a man, from a German manuscript of 1446 (Add. MS 17,987 fol. 88r).
Woman beating a man, from the Luttrell Psalter, c. 1325-40 (Add. MS 42,130 fol. 60r).
Lady shooting at a hare, from the Taymouth Hours, c. 1325-35 (Yates Thompson 13 fol. 68v).
King John of England does homage to King Philip of France, from an early-fourteenth-century Chroniques de France (Royal 16 G. VI fol. 362v).
Philippe de Mezières presents his treatise to Richard II of England, c. 1395 (Royal 20 B. VI fol. 2r).
Queen Guinevere and the maiden sent by the Lady of the Lake, from a French romance, c. 1316 (Add. MS 10,293 fol. 90v). Two images from De Claris Mulierihus, early fifteenth century (Royal 20 C. V fol. 5r).
Plowmen, from the Luttrell Psalter, c. 1325-40 (Add. MS 42,130 fol. 170r).
Builders, from the Bedford Hours, c. 1414-23 (Add. MS 18,850 fol. 17v).
Women spinning and carding wool, from the Luttrell Psalter, c. 1325–40 (Add. MS 42,130 fol. 193r).
Women spinning and carding wool in the early fifteenth century, from De Claris Mulieribus (Royal 20 C. V fol. 75r).
Boy being birched by his teacher, from Omne Bonum, c. 1360-75 (Royal 6 E. VI fol. 214r).
Burning of the Templars, from a late-fourteenth-century Chroniques de France (Royal 20C. VII fol. 44v).
Section 2
World map of Ranulph Higden, from a late-fourteenth-century Polychronicon (Royal 14 C. IX fol. lv-2r).
Map of Great Britain, from Matthew Paris’s Abbreviato Chronicorum Angliae, 1250s (Cotton Claudius D. VI fol 12v).
Royal traveling coach, from the Luttrell Psalter, c. 1325-40 (Add. MS 42,130 fol. 181v-182r).
Early fourteenth-century cogs, from the Smithfield Decretals, c. 1340 (Royal 10 E. IV fol. 19r).
Late-fourteenth-century cogs, from Jean Creton’s Histoire du Roy d’Angleterre RichardII, c. 1401-5 (Harley 1319 fol. 18r).
Richard II dining, from Jean Waurin’s Chronique d Angleterre, illuminated in the late fifteenth century (Royal 14 E. IV fol. 265v).
Alexander the Great dining, from an early-fifteenth-century French romance (Royal 20 B. XX fol. 88v).
Gallows, from a 1487 edition of Chroniques de France (Royal 20 E. Ill fol. 28r).
Executions, from a late-fourteenth-century Chroniques de France (Royal 20 C.VII fol. 133v).
Monk and woman in the stocks, from the Smithfield Decretals, c. 1340 (Royal 10 E. IV fol. 187r).
Diagnosis through the inspection of urine, from a late-fourteenth-century Chroniques de France (Royal 20 C. VII fol. 78v).
Physicians administering medicine to a king, from an early fourteenth-century Chroniques de France (Royal 16 G. VI fol. 310v).
Clergymen with the plague, from Omne Bonum, c. 1360-75 (Royal 6 E. VI fol. 301r).
Leper with a bell, from a Pontifical, c. 1400 (Lansdowne 451 fol. 127r).
John of Arderne performing a fistula operation, from a late-fourteenth-century medical text (Sloane 2002 fol. 24v).
Two musicians and a female acrobat, from the Smithfield Decretals, c. 1340 (Royal 10E. IV fol. 58r).
Carol of love, from an early-fourteenth-century copy of the Roman de la Rose (Royal 20 A. XVII fol. 9r).
Bear-baiting, from the Luttrell Psalter, c.1325-40 (Add. MS 42,130 fol. 161r).
Index
abbeys. See monasteries
abbots, 42, 43–4, 46–47, 49, 51, 87, 88, 97, 128, 186–87, 189, 280, 296
lodgings of, 152, 186, 189. See also specific abbeys
Aberdeen, 93
Abingdon, 296
Abyssinia, 72
accounts, keeping of, 67, 68, 297
acorns, 167
acres. See units of measurement
acrobats, 52, 249, 251. See disc jugglers; tumblers
Adam Davy’s Five Dreams, 77
adultery. See crime
Advent, 169, 183, 187
Aesop’s Fables, 287
Africa, 73
age. See longevity; old people; youthfulness
Agincourt, battle of, 296
aketons. See clothes
alchemy 75
ale, 10, 86, 97–98, 132, 141, 148, 154, 174–75, 180, 186, 187, 211, 212, 227, 229, 233, 249, 304, 305
ale cellar, 156, 159
ale house, 24, 180. See also taverns
ale-tasters, 51, 230
alewives, 174, 229, 305
Alighieri, Dante. See Dante
alleys, 13, 16, 24, 126
almonds. See nuts
almoners, 161, 183, 186, 189
Alnwick, 34
Alrewas, 174
altar coverings, 158
altarpieces, 149
Amazons, 73
ambergris, 118
America, 277
ampullae, 267
amputation. See surgery
andirons, 150
anesthetics, 214
Anglo-French (language). See French language
Anne, Queen, 106, 113, 132
Antipedes, 73
Antipodes, the, 73
apothecaries, 12, 21, 22, 53
apples. See fruit
apprentices, 67, 100, 232
aprons, 116
Apuleis, Sphere of, 193
Aquitaine, duchy of. See Gascony
Arabic writing. See books
archbishops, 42, 43–44, 97, 296
suffragan, 43–44. See also Canterbury; York
archdeacons, 15, 42, 43–44, 243, 255
archers, archery, 39, 220, 240, 241, 263, 275. See also bows
crossbows Arderne John, 200, 214
Aristotle, 55, 298
arithmetic, 67
armor, armorers, 57, 65, 92, 108, 120–22, 149, 256–58, 266, 300
Guild of Tailors and Armourers, 300
transportation of, 133–34
weight of, 256. See also axes
daggers; helmets; lances; pikes
swords arms, coats of, 41, 87–88, 112, 156, 157
Arras, 157
Arthur, King, 269, 275, 276, 282. See also books
Arundel, John, 60, 297
Ashby Folville, 241
Asia, 72–73
assarting, 227
asses milk, 207
assizes. See courts
astrolabe, 84, 135, 149, 298
astrology, 75, 191–93, 210. See also zodiac man
astronomy, 67, 211
Atonement, day of, 76
Auchinleck Manuscript. See books
Auden, W. H., 5
Augustinians, 46
Austin Canons. See Augustinians
Austin Friars, 47
Avesbury, Robert of, 275
Avignon, 44, 71, 77
axes, 120, 140, 282. See also pickaxes
Aylesbury 302
baboons, 106, 253
Babylon, 276
backgammon, 264
backplate (for a fireplace), 152
bacon. See meat
Bacon, Roger, 77–78
badges, 118, 266, 268. See also brooches; clasps; livery
bagpipes. See musical instruments
bags, 150
bailiffs, 32, 50, 51, 59, 69, 218–19, 221–23, 225–27, 231–33
bake houses, 30, 155, 171
bakers, 53, 93, 96, 161, 176, 180, 205–6, 230, 232–33. See also bread
baking. See bakers; cooking
balas rubies, 118, 119
baldaquins. See beds; furniture
Balliol, Edward, 120
Baltic Sea, 17, 71, 139
Bamburgh Castle, 155
Bangor, diocese of, 296
banking houses, 17. See also financiers; merchants
Bannockburn, 256
barbers, 213. See also surgeons
Bardney Abbey, 296
bark, 167
barley. See grain
Barnet, 124
barn(s), 16, 30, 32, 226
barons. See noblemen
barrels, butts, casks, 24, 30, 138, 139, 146, 151, 162, 179, 184. See also butteries
barter, 98
Bartholomew the Englishman, 74
bartons, 32
basins, 147, 149, 150, 151, 158, 162, 165, 197–98, 200, 287
baskets, 166, 184
Bath, 252, 297
Bath and Wells, diocese of, 296
baths and bathing, 119, 156, 196–99, 201
of face, 197
of feet, 146, 197
hair. See hair; of hands, 90, 162, 164, 181, 197
medicinal baths, 207, 211
of mouth, 90
public stews, 20, 198
surgical, 214. See also basins; cleaning; ewers; Order of the Bath
bats heads, 212
Battle Abbey, 273, 296
Battle of the Thirty, 258
beans. See vegetables bearbaiting, 61, 262
beards, 110–11, 211, 213, 253, 271, 301
bears, 212, 251
Beauchamp, Richard (d. 1471), Earl of Warwick, 265
Beauchamp, Thomas (d. 1369), Earl of Warwick, 155
Beaufort, Henry, 309
Beaufort, John, marquis of Dorset, 295-96
beavers, 106, 184
Becket, Thomas. See St. Thomas
bedbugs. See parasites
bedchambers, 146–47, 148, 153, 155, 161–62, 163, 164–65, 166, 261, 280
Bedfordshire, 33, 218
beds and bedding, 93, 101, 119, 132, 134, 141, 143–47, 157, 158, 161, 165, 166, 189, 211
with baldaquins, 157, 158
bedspreads, 161, 164
blankets, 132, 150, 161, 164, 165
curtains for, 156, 157, 158, 161, 304
featherbeds, 149, 150, 152, 161
half-testers, 151
mattresses for, 13, 147, 150, 153, 154, 164, 166
Norfolk 158
pillows, 132, 161, 164
rugs, 134, 157, 158
sheets, 132, 150, 151, 154, 161, 164, 165, 211
&n
bsp; silk beds, 157, 158
tapets (carpets), 150, 157, 158, 165
worsted beds, 151, 158. See also hammocks
beef. See meat
beer, 86, 174
beggars, begging, 8, 43, 53, 144, 181, 229, 279, 293. See also paupers; vagrants
Bel, Jean le, 275
Bellers, Roger, 241
bells, 230, 232, 248–49, 255
Canterbury, 267
church, 19, 84–85, 92, 204 passing bells, 306
lepers, 103, 204. See also clocks; time
belts. See clothes
benches. See furniture
Benedict XI, 44
Benedict XII, 187, 188
Benedictines, 46, 47, 67, 188, 197
Benefit of the Clergy, 235, 243–15
Bennyng, Roger, 248
Berkeley Castle, 133, 155, 213
Berkeley, Thomas, 41, 155, 213
Berkshire, 308
Bernard the Fool, 247
Berry Pomeroy Castle, 34
Berwick-on-Tweed, 97, 106, 257
betrothal, 38
Bever, Hugh le, 149, 150–51, 238, 303
Beverley 11, 252, 269
Bewcastle, 34
Bible, the, 54, 55, 58, 79, 118 Book of Revelations. See also books
birds, 116, 261
blackbirds, 182
songbirds, 134, 247. See also hunting; poultry; wildfowl
Birkenhead Priory, 152
bishops, 19, 20, 42, 43–44, 68, 81, 97, 143, 243
household size, 159
longevity of, 39
palaces (see palaces); precedence over earls, 296
suffragan, 43–44. See also individual dioceses
Black Canons. See Augustinians
Black Death. See plague
Black Friars. See Dominicans
Black Monks. See Benedictines
Black Prince. See Edward of Woodstock
blacksmiths, 10, 93, 161
Blanche of Lancaster. See Lancaster
blankets. See beds and bedding
Blemmyae, 73
bloodletting. See surgery
boar, wild, 27, 259
boats. See ships and boats
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 284
Bodiam Castle, 34, 154, 155, 303
bodkin, 132
Bodmin, 227–28
Bohemia, 71, 106, 110, 132, 258
Bohun family, Earls of Hereford, 273
Bohun, Mary de, 251
Bologna, 194
Bolton Castle, 303
bondmen, bondwomen, 41, 49, 59. See also villeins
bonesetting, 213, 214
Boniface VIII, 44
books, 272–88
Aimeric de Narbonne, 272