A Thousand Days

by Arthur M. Schlesinger

Day Lincoln Was Shot, The (Bishop), [>]

  Dealey, E. M., [>]

  Dean, Arthur H., [>], [>], [>]; and State Department, [>]; JFK sends to Geneva, [>], [>], [>]; reaction of, to limited test ban, [>]; favors resumption of U.S. testing, [>]; presents updated U.S. plan for disarmament to Geneva, [>]; and on-site inspections, [>], [>]–[>]

  Decision-Making in the White House (Sorensen), [>]

  Declaration for Neutrality of Laos. See Geneva Agreement

  “Declaration of Interdependence,” [>]

  Declaration of Legal Principles for Outer Space, UN General Assembly, [>]

  Declaration to the Peoples of America, Punta del Este, [>]

  Deer Park, The (Mailer), [>], [>]

  Defense Department, U.S., [>], [>], [>], [>]; problems of staffing, [>]–[>]; and Cuba, [>], [>]; reorganization of, under McNamara, [>]–[>], [>]; in Laos, [>]; and Foreign Service, [>]; and atmospheric testing, [>]; and U.S. Steel, [>]; and civil defense, [>]–[>]; and nuclear deterrents, [>], [>]; and proposed Soviet-American moon shot, [>]. See also Pentagon

  Defferre, Gaston, [>]

  Deficit spending. See Fiscal policy

  De Gaulle, Charles, no, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; Memoirs, [>]; JFK meets, [>], [>]–[>]; questions firmness of west on Berlin, [>]–[>], [>]; counsels JFK on leadership, [>]; on Latin America, [>]; on Angola, [>]–[>]; on NATO, [>]–[>]; hostility of, to four-power negotiations on Berlin, [>]–[>]; and Algeria, [>]; and Tunisia, [>]; and Guinea, [>]–[>]; and Cuban missile crisis, [>], [>]; and Atlantic unity, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; and Common Market, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; and independent nuclear deterrents, [>], [>], [>]; and Macmillan, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]; and master plan for France, [>]–[>]; Le Salut, [>]; and Churchill, [>]–[>]; as political tactician, [>]; and Yalta, [>]; L’Express accuses of anti-Americanism, [>]; and test ban treaty, [>]; refuses JFK’s offer of nuclear cooperation, [>]

  De Lattre de Tassigny, General Jean Marie, [>]

  Democratic Advisory Council, g; and foreign affairs, [>]; Foreign Policy Committee, [>]; Scientists’ Committee, [>] fn.; and National Peace Agency, [>]

  Democratic party: convention of 1952, [>]; convention and election of 1956, [>]–[>]; in Massachusetts, [>]–[>], [>]; National Committee, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; convention of 1960, [>]–[>]; activists’ reaction to JFK-LBJ ticket, [>]–[>]; and social legislation of 1950s, [>]; and civil rights, [>]; in Texas, [>]

  De Sapio, Carmine, [>], [>], [>]; at 1960 convention, [>], [>]

  Desautels, Claude, [>]

  Deterrent or Defense (Hart), [>]

  Development Loan Fund, [>], [>]; and Dillon, [>]; JFK’s view of, [>]; and Coffin, [>]

  Dever, Paul A., [>]–[>]

  DeVoto, Bernard, [>], [>]

  Diefenbaker, John, [>]

  Diem, Ngo Dinh. See Ngo Dinh Diem Dien Bien Phu, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Die Zeit, [>]

  Dillon, Clarence, [>]

  Dillon, Douglas, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]; describes Eisenhower cabinet meetings, [>]; Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs in Eisenhower administration, [>]–[>], [>]; war experiences of, [>]; and Volta Dam project, Ghana, [>]; and Development Loan Fund, [>]; as Secretary of Treasury, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]; Galbraith congratulates economic policy of, [>]–[>]; urges JFK to repair relations with Business Advisory Council, [>]; during steel crisis, [>]; and domestic economy, [>], [>], [>]; and Heller, [>], [>]; on attractiveness of foreign investment, [>]; and international liquidity, [>]; and Roosa, [>]; and Latin America, [>]; and Alliance for Progress, [>]; and ExCom in Cuban missile crisis, [>]; and Birmingham race riots, [>]; at high-level meeting on Vietnam, [>]; on JFK’s fiscal policy, [>]–[>]; congressional praise for, [>]

  Diplomacy, [>]–[>] passim; foreign service, [>]–[>]; bureaucratic tangle in, [>]–[>]; Epernay comments on, [>]; Bohlen on, [>]; Rusk’s view of, [>]–[>]; presidential, and uncommitted nations, [>]; and African leaders, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Dirksen, Everett, [>]; denounces idea of test ban, [>]; on JFK legislative program, [>] fn.

  Disarmament, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]; in Stevenson report, [>]; and defense policy, [>], [>]; and Pugwash meeting, [>]; public reaction to, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; and Khrushchev, [>]–[>], [>] [>]– [>], [>];: and Berlin, [>]; and Wiesner, [>]; Soviet “hypocrisy” about, [>]; Stevenson urges JFK advocacy of, [>]–[>]; U.S. position on, [>]–[>], [>]; and stable deterrence, [>]–[>]; and JFK, [>], [>], [>]; U.S.-Soviet talks on, [>]–[>]; and UN, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]; propaganda value of drive for, [>]; and Soviet resumption of testing, [>], [>]; Macmillan’s views on, [>]–[>]; Geneva conference, [>], [>]–[>]; and U.S. defense budget, [>]–[>], [>]; Nehru doubts U.S. commitment to, [>]; and U.S. foreign missile bases, [>]. See also Test ban treaty

  Disarmament Committee, Geneva, [>], [>]

  Disarm and Verify (Wright), [>] fn.

  Dixon, Paul R., [>]

  Dobrynin, Anatoly: at Vienna summit meeting, [>]; and Cuban missile crisis, [>]–[>], [>]

  Docking, George, [>], [>]

  Dodd, Thomas J., [>]; on Sekou Touré, [>], [>]; and Congo, [>]; in Life apology to Schwarz, [>]; and Jagan of British Guiana, [>]; and test ban, [>], [>]

  Domestic policy, [>], [>]–[>]; task forces, [>], [>], [>]; and Sorensen, [>]; effect of Defense Department on, [>]; Dean Rusk’s liberalism in, [>]; congressional action for, [>], [>]–[>]; and liberals, [>]; and radicals, [>]

  Dominican Republic, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>] fn.; U.S. embargo, [>]; U.S. intervention in, [>]; political composition of, [>]; Council of State, [>]

  ‘Domino’ theory, [>]–[>]. See also Southeast Asia

  Donahue, Richard, [>], [>]

  Donald, David, [>]

  Dönhoff, Countess Marion, [>]

  Donovan, James B., [>]

  Donovan, Robert, [>], [>]

  Dorman, Michael, [>] fn.

  Dorough, C. Dwight (Mr. Sam), [>] fn.

  Dorticós, Osvaldo, [>], [>]

  Douglas, James: on Eisenhower team concept, [>]

  Douglas, John, [>]

  Douglas, Paul, [>], [>], [>]; and area development, [>], [>]; attitude of, toward JFK, [>]; and trade expansion bill, [>]; praises Dillon, [>]

  Douglas, William O., [>], [>]; on Robert Kennedy’s “capacity for growth,” [>]

  Douglas Aircraft, [>]

  Douglas-Home, Alec, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Douglas-Home, William, [>]

  Doyle, James, [>]; on JFK endorsement by liberals, [>]; and Stevenson at Los Angeles, [>], [>]; in campaign, [>]

  Draper, Theodore, [>]

  Draper, General William H., [>]

  Drug labeling, [>] fn.

  Dryfoos, Orville, [>]

  Dubinsky, David, [>]

  Dugger, Ronnie, [>]

  Duke, Angier Biddle, [>], [>]; and Metropolitan Club, [>]

  Dulles, Allen W.: JFK on, [>], [>], [>], [>]; briefs JFK on Cuban Brigade, [>], [>]–[>]; reviews Cuban situation, [>], [>]; and Trinidad Plan, [>]–[>]; described, [>]–[>]; and disposal problem of Cuban Brigade, [>], [>]–[>]; The Craft of Intelligence, [>] fn.; optimism of, for invasion, [>]–[>], [>]; and postinvasion commission of inquiry, [>]; Khrushchev on,’ [>]; and McCarthy, [>]; resignation of, [>]; and nuclear testing, [>]

  Dulles, John Foster: and McCarthyism, [>], [>], [>]; and Communism, [>], [>], [>], [>]; foreign policy and nuclear weapons, [>], [>]; and Dien Bien Phu, [>]; and SEATO, [>]; and Laos, [>], [>]; Khrushchev’s admiration for, [>]–[>]; and Adenauer, [>]. [>]; and Rusk [>], [>]; and Soviets, [>]; and India, [>]; and Vietnam, [>]–[>]; and Aswan Dam, [>]; conception of foreign aid, [>]; conception of Free World, [>], [>]

  ‘Dumbbell’ theory, [>] fn.

  Duncan, John, [>]

  Dungan, Ralph, [>], [>], [>]; as Special Assistant, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; and Shriver, [>]–[>], [>]; and hemisphere developments, [>]; on JFK’s interest in ambassadors to Africa, [>]; and Congo, [>]; and Clay foreign aid committee, [>]; White House expert on Catholic doctrine, [>]; and domestic policy, [>]
/>
  Du Pont, Henry, [>]

  Durkin, Martin, [>]

  Dutton, Fred, [>], [>]; in State Department reorganization, [>]–[>]

  Duvalier, François, [>], [>] fn.; and U.S. aid to Haiti, [>]

  East Germany, [>]; Khrushchev threatens peace treaty with, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; anti-Communist uprisings in, [>]; refugee flow problem in, [>], [>], [>], [>]; Adenauer cautions citizens of, on Wall, [>]; possible revolt in, [>]; and Khrushchev’s November 1962 speech, [>]; and test ban treaty, [>], [>], [>]

  Eastland, James O., [>]; and judgeships, [>]–[>]; and Senate Judiciary Committee, [>]

  Eaton, Cyrus, [>]

  Eccles, Marriner S., [>] fn.

  Echavarría, General Pedro Rodríguez, [>]; JFK appeals to, [>]

  ECLA. See United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America

  Economic Cooperation Administration, [>]

  Economist, The, criticizes JFK on Berlin, [>]; and JFK’s ‘showdown’ policy for Cuba, [>]

  Economy, U.S., [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]; JFK’s concern with diversion of resources to armaments, [>]; JFK’s views of, [>]–[>]; need for expansion of, [>], [>]–[>]; ‘manpower drag theory, [>]; ‘fiscal drag’ theory, [>]; coordination problems of, [>]–[>]; compared to Soviet, [>]

  Ecuador, [>]; opposes sanctions against Cuba, [>]

  Eden, Sir Anthony, [>]

  Edgar Stern Foundation, [>]

  Education, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; in underdeveloped nations, [>], [>]; improving U.S. system of, [>]; and JFK’s concern for youth, [>]; federal aid to, [>], [>]; and Civil Rights Commission, [>]; and Meredith case, [>]–[>]; pre-school, [>]. See also Civil rights

  Edwards, India, [>]

  EEC. See European Common Market

  Egypt, [>]–[>]

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; role of in 1960 campaign, [>]; first term of, [>]–[>]; and interregnum, [>]; and JFK meetings, [>], [>], [>], [>]; economic views and Latin America, [>]–[>] [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]; Latin American trip of, [>]–[>]; and National Security Council, [>]; and Cuban policy, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; and Cuban Brigade, [>]–[>]; after post-Bay of Pigs conference with JFK, [>]; and national defense, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>] fn., [>], [>]; on public policy and technological elite, [>]; policy of administration in Laos, [>]–[>], [>]; and Diefenbaker, [>]; and Berlin situation, [>], [>], [>]–[>]; Khrushchev reminisces about, [>]; and Macmillan, [>]; and nuclear testing, [>], [>]; and Red China, [>]; JFK consults, before U.S. resumption of testing, [>]; and Vietnam, [>]; and Africa, [>]–[>], [>]; presidential meetings with foreign leaders, [>], [>]; and foreign aid, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and birth control, [>]; calls Peace Corps “juvenile experiment,” [>]; and domestic economic policy, [>]–[>], [>]; and businessmen, [>]–[>]; presidential reminiscences, [>]; in Schlesinger, Sr., poll of presidential greatness, [>]; at Eleanor Roosevelt’s funeral, [>]; and permanent government bureaucracy, [>]; establishes legislative office in White House, [>]; and public information, [>], [>], [>]; and the arts, [>]; civil defense measures, [>]; and congressional elections, [>], [>], [>] and Khrushchev, [>]; in congressional elections of 1962, [>]; and multilateral force and NATO, [>]; and Skybolt, [>]; and de Gaulle, [>]; and civil rights, [>], [>], [>]; and Goldwater, [>]; attacks JFK’s fiscal policy, [>]

  Eisenhower, Mamie, [>]; tours White House with Jacqueline Kennedy, [>]

  Eisenhower, Milton, [>], [>]; and Tractors for Freedom Committee, [>]

  Eleanor Roosevelt Cancer Foundation, [>]

  Eliot, Thomas H., [>]

  Elliott, J. Robert, [>]

  Ellison, Ralph, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  El Salvador, [>]

  Emergence of Lincoln, The (Nevins), [>]

  Emergency Feed Grain Act of 1961, [>]

  England: JFK’s fascination of political society in, [>]. See also Great Britain

  Enthoven, Alain C., [>]

  Epernay, Mark, [>]; The McLandress Dimension, [>] fn.

  Equal Employment Opportunities, [>]; President’s Committee on, [>], [>]–[>]; and Civil Rights Commission, [>]; and LBJ, [>]

  Equal rights. See Civil rights

  Escambray Mountains, Cuba, [>], [>], [>]. See also Bay of Pigs

  Espionage: and test ban inspections, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and Barghoorn, [>]. See also U-2 flights

  Esquire, [>]

  Essex (carrier), proposed Cuban air strike from, [>]

  Establishment, the, [>]–[>], [>]; New York Establishment and JFK, [>]

  Estes, Billie Sol, [>]

  Eternal flame, [>]

  European Common Market, [>], [>]; JFK, de Gaulle discuss, [>]; and [>] per cent growth rate, [>]–[>], [>]; de Gaulle opposes admission of Britain to, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and European Economic Community, [>], [>], [>]; and Great Britain, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; and economic independence of Western Europe, [>]; and tariffs, [>]; and Treaty of Rome, [>], [>]; and Skybolt, [>]; and Italy, [>]

  European Defense Community, [>]

  European Economic Community. See European Common Market

  European Free Trade Association, [>] fn., [>]

  Evening News (London), [>]

  Evers, Charles, [>]; and Robert Kennedy, [>]

  Evers, Medgar, [>], [>]; death of, [>]

  ExCom. See National Security Council

  Export-Import Bank, [>], [>]

  L’Express, [>], [>]

  Extremism, [>]–[>], [>]; and John Birch Society, [>]; in domestic and foreign policy, [>], [>]; JFK concern with, [>]–[>]; growth of, [>]; and JFK family, [>]–[>]; and Negroes, [>]; and Goldwater, [>]; in Dallas, [>], [>]

  Fair Employment Practices Commission, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Fairlie, Henry, [>] fn.

  Fair Play for Cuba rally, [>]

  Fallout shelters. See Shelters, bomb and fallout

  Fanfani, Amíntore, [>], [>], [>], [>]; visits Washington, [>]–[>], [>]; Catholicism, Protestantism and Capitalism, [>]

  Fanny Hill, [>]

  Farland, Joseph, [>]

  Farley, James A., [>], [>]

  Farmer, James, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Farmer, Thomas, [>]; intercepts Loy Henderson’s proposal for ambassadors to Africa, [>]

  Farm policy, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; Congress passes farm bill, [>], [>] fn.; and production control, [>]

  Faubus, Orville, [>]

  Faulkner, William, [>]

  Fay, Paul, [>]

  Federal Aviation Agency, [>], [>]

  Federal Bureau of Investigation, [>]; and Bethlehem Steel stock-holders, [>]; and Robert Kennedy, [>]; as U.S. myth, [>]

  Federal City Club, [>]

  Federal Communications Commission, and Minow, [>], [>]

  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, [>]

  Federal Housing Administration, [>]

  Federalism and Civil Rights (Marshall), [>] fn.

  Federal Power Commission, [>]

  Federal Reserve Board, [>], [>]; economic views of, [>]

  Federal Trade Commission, [>]; and collusive price-fixing of steel companies, [>]

  Federov, Yevgenii, [>]

  Feiffer, Jules, [>]; civil defense cartoon, [>]

  Feldman, Myer, [>]–[>]; as JFK Special Assistant, [>], [>]; foreign policy duties of, [>]; and Middle East, [>]; and domestic policy, [>]; and tax reduction, [>]

  Felt, Admiral Harry D., [>]; and Malcolm Browne, [>]; and Diem, [>]

  Ferguson, John, [>]

  Ferguson Passage, [>], [>], [>]

  Fiallo, Viríato, [>]

  Figueres, José, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and Berle, [>]; Castro invites to Havana, [>]; and JFK meeting of 1961, [>]; and social democracy, [>]; and Juan Bosch, [>]

  Filibuster, [>], [>], [>]

  Fine Arts Commission, [>]; and Walton, [>]

  Finletter, Thomas K., [>], [>]; and Stevenson, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; on liberals’ endorsement of JFK, [>]; as possible ambassador, [>]; and defense establishment task force, [>]; foreign policy view of, [>]; and limited-war thesis, [>]
fn.; and MLF, [>], [>]

  Finnegan, James, [>], [>], [>]

  Fire Next Time, The (Baldwin), [>]

  Fireside chats, [>], [>]

  Fires of Spring (Michener), [>], [>]

  Fiscal policy, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; and Latin America, [>]–[>]; and Berlin, [>]; and balancing the budget, [>]–[>], [>]; and deficit spending, [>], [>]–[>]; and wageFiscal policy (cont’d) price spiral, [>]; and business, [>]; and Wall Street, [>]

  Fischer, John, JFK. to, on neutrals, [>]

  Fisher, Adrian, [>], [>]; and test ban, [>]; and test ban treaty negotiations, [>], [>]

  Fitzgerald, Dr. Dennis, [>]–[>]

  Fitzgerald, F. Scott, [>]–[>]

  Fitzgerald, John F. (Honey Fitz), [>], [>]

  Fitzgerald family, [>]

  Fleming, lan, [>], [>]

  Foggy Bottom, [>], [>]–[>]. See also State Department; Foreign Affairs Fomin, Aleksander, [>]–[>], [>]

  Food for Peace program, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and McGovern, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; background for, [>]–[>]; Frondizi’s reaction to, [>]; in Brazil, [>]; in Bolivia, [>]; and Algeria, [>]; and Nasser in Egypt, [>]; autonomy of, [>]; and Reuter, [>]

  Food Stamp plan, [>]

  Ford, Corey, [>]

  Ford Foundation, [>]

  Foreign Affairs, [>], [>]; “The President” (Rusk) article in, [>]; Galbraith essay on foreign economic development in, [>]

  Foreign aid, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]; in Latin America, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; to underdeveloped nations, [>], [>]; to Vietnam, [>], [>]; to Laos, [>]; and international payments crisis, [>]; to neutral nations, [>]–[>]; to India, [>]–[>], [>]; to Indonesia, [>]; to Africa, [>]; and political necessity, [>] fn.; U.S. policy, 1940–1960, [>]; New Frontier view of policy for, [>]–[>]; Charles River analysis of, [>]–[>]; “economic gap” in, [>]–[>]; interregnum task force, [>]; JFK bill to Congress, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]; and military assistance, [>]; and Clay committee, [>]–[>]; importance of Peace Corps and Food for Peace in, [>]; and British Guiana, [>]–[>]; and Haiti, [>]

  Foreign Other. Affairs (Davies), [>]

  Foreign Broadcast Information Service, [>]

  Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, [>]

  Foreign Operations Administration, [>]

  Foreign policy, [>], [>]; and Dulles, [>