Tycho and Kepler
Page 38
Pippard, Brian. Science: A Physicist’s View. Unpublished paper.
Porter, Neil A. “Kepler.” In Physicists in Conflict. Bristol, England and Philadelphia: Institute of Physics Publishing, 1998.
Rosen, Edward. Three Imperial Mathematicians: Kepler Trapped between Tycho Brahe and Ursus. New York: Abaris Books, 1986.
Schmidt, Justus. Johann Kepler, sein Leben in Bildern und eigenen Berichten. Linz: Rudolf Trauner Verlag, 1970. Contains extensive portions of Kepler’s “Selbstcharakteristik” (1597) and other personal writings, under the title “Heimat.” Material that I have used from this source has been translated into English with the help of Karoline Krenn of the Universität Salzburg.
Stephenson, Bruce. Kepler’s Physical Astronomy. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987.
———. The Music of the Heavens: Kepler’s Harmonic Astronomy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Thoren, Victor. The Lord of Uraniborg: A Biography of Tycho Brahe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
———. “New Light on Tycho’s Instruments.” Journal for the History of Astronomy 4 (1973): 25–45.
Voelkel, James R. Johannes Kepler and the New Astronomy. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Wilson, Curtis. “How Did Kepler Discover His First Two Laws?” Scientific American 226 (March 1972): 92–106.
PICTURE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Astronomiae Instauratae Mechanica, Wandesburgi, 1598: in the Color Plate Section – Mural quadrant, Uraniborg elevation drawing, Uraniborg garden plan, Stjerneborg.
Yale Ferguson: in the Color Plate Section – Chapel of the Magi, Benatky Castle. Black & white illustrations – Tycho Brahe statue, Golden Griffin, Tycho Brahe tomb.
Fredriksborgmuseet, Denmark: in the Color Plate Section – Portrait of Frederik II, Portrait of Christian IV. Black & white illustrations – Henrik Hanson painting of Uraniborg.
Owen Gingerich: Figure 12.1 Great Conjunctions drawing from Mysterium.
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Wien: in the Color Plate Section – Portrait of Rudolf II.
Landesbildstelle Würtemberg Stuttgart: Black & white illustrations – Weil der Stadt, Kloster Adelberg, Portrait of Michael Mästlin.
Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg: in the Color Plate Section - Wedding medallions of Johannes and Barbara Kepler.
Nationalgalerie, Prague: in the Color Plate Section – Prague riots.
Per Remberg and Johan Runeberg: Figure 7.1 Floorplan of Hven; Figure 8.2 Stjerneborg.
Prämonstratenserkloster in Strahov, Prague: in the Color Plate Section – Great Globe, Portrait of Tycho Brahe.
Sternwarte Kremsmünster: in the Color Plate Section – Portrait of Johannes Kepler.
Henrik Wachtmeister: in the Color Plate Section – Knutstorps Borg (modern and 16th century).
INDEX
Listed here are the names and terms that appear in the index in the print version of this book. Please use the search function on your reading device to find them in this ebook.
In this index, TB is used for Tycho Brahe and JK for Johannes Kepler.
Adelberg
Alchemical laboratory (TB)
Alchemy
Alfonsine Tables
Alidade
Angular distance
measuring
Apollonius
Approximating ellipse
Apsidal line
Archimedes
Architectural theory
Area rule
Aristarchus of Samos
Aristotelian philosophy/cosmology
Aristotle
Armillaries
Astrological meteorological almanac
Astrology
TB
conjunctions in
JK
nova in
Rudolph and
Astronomers
Astronomy
academy for
instruments for new
models of
new
vocabulary of
see also Brahe, Tycho, astronomy; Copernican astronomy/system; Kepler, Johannes, astronomy; Observations (TB)
Azimuth measurement
Azimuth quadrants
Baade, Walter
Bär, Nicolaus Reimers (Ursus)
book by
book by, banned
TB campaign to destroy
imperial mathematician
JK’s letter praising
JK writing against
left Prague
plagiarism
proceedings against
threat of
Barvitius, Johannes
Benatky Castle
JK at
moving instruments to
remodeling
Bille, Steen
Bille family
Bohemia
Protestant revolution in
Brahe, Axel
Brahe, Beate Bille
Brahe, Elisabeth
Brahe, Georg
Brahe, Inger Oxe
Brahe, Jørgen (brother of TB)
Brahe, Jørgen (uncle of TB)
Brahe, Knud
Brahe, Magdalene
Brahe, Otte
death of
Brahe, Sophie
Brahe, Steen
Brahe, Tycho
abduction
astrology
astronomy
attitude toward Copernicus
birth, childhood
books
books: gift copies
brothers
campaign to destroy Ursus (Bär)
campaign to restore honor and position
care for family
career
castle-observatory
change in temperament
children
children: deaths
children: future of
children: marriage for daughter(s)
children: moving
common-law marriage to Kirsten Jørgensdatter
death and funeral
decision to stay in Denmark
disappointment in his science
education
false nose
financial situation
Great Conjunction of
heirs of
Hven
immortality
inheritance
and JK
JK responsibility for unfinished work of
JK scientific heir to
left Copenhagen
library
move into exile
moving instruments to Benatky
name
personal characteristics
physical appearance
plans to emigrate
portrait
posthumous works
and problem of Mars
problems
publishing manuscripts
relationships
reputation
in Rudolfine Tables frontispiece
and scholarly community
scholarly future of
scholarly work
seeking royal patronage
self-image
statue of
status
system of, plagiarized by Bär
tomb
twin brother
university lectures
worldview
writings by
see also Observations (TB)
Brahe, Tycho (son)
Brahe family
and TB’s marriage
JK conflict with
reputation of
Calendars
JK
Calvin, John
Calvinism/Calvinists
Canonry
Cassini, Gian Domenico
Catholicism/Catholics
forced conversions to
tension with Lutherans
Celestial equator
Celestial events
influence on life on Earth
Celestial sphere
p
ositions of circles on
rotation of
Chapel of the Magi
Christian, Prince (King Christian IV)
Christian (king)
TB appeal to
marriage
Christian III, King
Circles
area of
Comet(s)
TB and
TB’s book on
Compasses, pair of
Conjunction(s)
Jupiter and Saturn
Moon and Mars
Copenhagen
TB move to
religious conflict
Copernican astronomy/system
compromise with Ptolemaic
correctness of
difference from Ptolemaic
eccentric planetary orbits
JK and
literal acceptance of
planetary movement in
planetary orbits in
rejection of
and Scripture
Sun-centered
support for
Copernican revolution
Copernican tables
see also Prutenic Tables
Copernicus
TB heir to
Earth orbit
mathematical theories of
planetary distances
Cosmology
Aristotelian
Cosmos
Counter–Reformation
Craig, John
Cross staff/radius
Crystallography
Cube
Cylinder
Dançey, Charles de
Dante
Deferent(s)
Denmark
TB leaving
TB position in
courtship and marriage customs
government
law codes
religious conflict
wars
Descartes, René
Distance, inverse of
Distance rule
Diurnal parallax
Dybvad, Jørgen
Earth
axis of rotation
behaves like planet
center
controversy regarding movement of
decaying nature of
influence of planetary movements on
moving
orbit
“planet-moving force,”
rotation of
stability of
unmoving
Eccentric/eccentricity
Eccentric orbit(s)
center of
Mars
see also Planetary eccentricities
Eclipse of Moon
Eclipses
lunar
solar
Ecliptic
Einhorn, Lutherus
Ellipse
Elliptical orbit
Mars
Ephemerides
Ephemeris
Epicycle
Equant
Euclid
Eye(s), function of
Fabricius, David
Ferdinand II, Archduke
Fiefs
offered to TB
transfer of
Flemløse, Peter Jacobsen
Frankfurt Book Fair
Frederick, King (Frederick II)
TB finding experts for
TB relations with
TB’s report on comet to
death of
marriage
offered fiefs to TB
and religious conflict
support for TB’s work
support for scientific research
Free will
Friis, Christian
Frobenius, Georg Ludwig
Galileo
clash with pope
discovery of planets
telescope
Gassendi, Pierre
Gemperle, Tobias
Geometry
and geometric harmony
and musical harmony
Globe
Gnesio-Lutherans
God
creation of universe
designing universe
geometric logic of
logic and harmony of creation
reasoning of
Gravity
Graz, Styria
JK in
JK required to leave
Kepler family in
Protestants expelled from
religious situation in
threat to JK in
Great Conjunctions of Jupiter and Saturn
Hagecius, Thaddeus
Hainzel, Paul
Half-sextant
Hapsburg family
Harmonic law
Harmonic ratios
Harmonic theory
Harmony
Heavenly movement
Ptolemy’s model of
Heliocentric longitudes
Hemmingsen, Niels
Herrevad Abbey
Hexagon
Hipparchus
Hoffmann, Johann Friedrich
Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
Horizon
Horoscopes
by TB
by JK
Hven
Brahe children could not inherit
TB left
center point
changes
Christian at
instruments at
new charter for
map of
peasants
visitors to
Inertia
Instruments
Instruments (TB)
at Benatky
Copenhagen observatory
JK responsibility for
metal
more precise and powerful
moving
moving to Benatky
moving to Copenhagen
moving to Prague
payment for
at Stjerneborg
at Uraniborg
Integral calculus
Inverse square law
Inverse square law of light
Jesensky, Jan
Jørgensdatter, Kirsten
and death of TB
status
Jupiter
conjunction with Saturn
moons of
Kepler, Barbara Müller
bad health and depression
death of
inheritance
left Graz
married JK
Kepler, Christoph
Kepler, Heinrich (brother of JK)
Kepler, Heinrich (father of JK)
Kepler, Heinrich (son of JK)
Kepler, Johannes
agreement with Tengnagel
allowed to return to Graz
astronomy
book by, sent to TB
books
and TB
on TB
career
children
children: deaths
contractual arrangement with TB
death of
and death of TB
district mathematician
early life
education
financial situation
and Galileo
imperial mathematician
letter praising Ursus
library
marriage arrangements
marriage to B. Müller
marriage to S. Reuttinger
and mother’s witchcraft trial
personal characteristics
portrait
problem of Mars
provincial mathematician
questions asked by
required to leave Graz
responsibility for completion of unfinished work of TB
status
teaching in Graz
threat to, in Graz
worldview
Kepler, Katharina
accused of witchcraft
Kepler, Margarethe (later Binder)
Kepler, Sebald
Kepler, Susanna Reuttinger
/>
Kepler family
Kepler’s Star
Knieper, Hans
Knutstorp
Knutstorps Borg (castle)
Lange, Erik
Laubenwolf, George
Liddell, Duncan
Light
inverse square law of
Light rays
Linz
religious conflict in
Logarithms
Longomontanus
and JK contract
left TB
moving instruments
and problem of Mars
work on lunar theory
work on Mars observations
Lunar eclipses
Lunar theory (TB)
Luther, Martin
Lutheranism/Lutherans
action against,
division in
tension with Catholics
Magdeburg
Magnetic hypothesis
Magnetism
Mars
conjunction with Moon
distance from Earth
oppositions
orbit
orbit: JK work on
parallax
see also Mars observations; “Problem of Mars”
Mars observations
JK and
JK surrendered to Tengnagel
JK use of/work on
and mathematical theory
Mästlin, Michael
appeals to
JK visited
and JK’s book
optics problem
Mathematical harmonies
Mathematics
of Copernicus
different from physics
JK
Mathematical/geometric logic
observations and
Matthias (emperor)
Melanchthon, Philipp
Mercury
orbit
Milky Way
Moon
conjunction with Mars
motion of
orbit
parallax shift
and tides
Müller, Regina
death of
Mural quadrant
Music
Musical intervals
Musical ratios
Napier, John
Nature
harmonic ratios in
pattern, logic, harmony in
Newton, Sir Isaac
Nicholas of Cusa, Cardinal
North celestial pole
North Pole
Nova
TB book about
parallax shift
positions of
Observation, and theory
Observations (TB)
astronomical tables based on
comet
in Copernican revolution
from Hven
JK access to
JK took charge of
JK use of/work on
records of
see also Mars observations
Odometer
Opposition
Mars
Optics
Osiander, Andreas
Oval
Ovid
Oxe, Peder
Oxe family
Palladio, Andrea
Parallax shift
comet
Mars
Parsberg, Manderup
Peace of Augsburg
Pedersen, Rasmus
Pentagon
Perfect solids
Perihelion
Philippists
Physical reasons/explanations
for eccentricities
need for
search for