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Tomorrow-Land

Page 40

by Joseph Tirella


  Epilogue: Tomorrow Never Knows

  The June 3, 1967, ceremony in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park was covered in the New York Times. I also found an amusing Talk of the Town piece about it in The New Yorker. I got the figures on the Montreal Expo from World’s Fairs by Erik Mattie. Information about the Human Be-In was gleaned from the Ginsberg biography Song of Myself; Martin Torgoff’s Can’t Find My Way Home and Charles Perry’s wonderful Haight-Ashbury: A History (Wenner Books, 2005). The William Mann quote was found in Read the Beatles.

  SOURCES

  Archives & Collections

  Arnold Goldwag/Brooklyn CORE Collection, Brooklyn Historical Society

  Charles Poletti interview, Columbia Center for Oral History

  Charles Poletti Papers, Series 1, Box 7, Columbia University

  Gilmore Clarke Papers, Box 2, Columbia University

  Jane Jacobs, An Oral History Interview with the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, 1997.

  John F. Kennedy Presidential Library (www.jfklibrary.org)

  Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library (www.lbjlibrary.org)

  Robert F. Wagner Jr. interviews, Columbia Center for Oral History

  Robert Moses Papers, Boxes 47–52, 119–132, Manuscript and Archive Division, New York Public Library

  World’s Fair Archive, Boxes 49; 141; 185; 262; 267; 281–282; 321–322; 337–338; Manuscript and Archive Division, New York Public Library

  Newspapers & Magazines (Selected)

  Amsterdam News

  Long Island Star Journal

  New York Daily News

  New York Herald Tribune

  New York Journal-American

  New York Post

  New York Times

  New York World-Telegram

  Village Voice

  Wall Street Journal

  Washington Post

  Billboard

  The Economist

  Fortune

  Harper’s

  Life

  Newsweek

  The New Yorker

  Popular Mechanics

  Reader’s Digest

  Rolling Stone

  The Saturday Evening Post

  Sports Illustrated

  Time

  Other Works Consulted

  Acocella, Joan. “Perfectly Frank,” New Yorker, July 1993.

  Alterman, Erc. “Expletive Included,” New York Times, August 9, 1998.

  “Avant-Garde Art Going to the Fair,” New York Times, October 5, 1963.

  Baldwin, James. “A Report from Occupied Territory.” The Nation, July 11, 1966.

  Barrow, Tony. John, Paul, George, Ringo & Me: The Real Beatles Story. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2005.

  Baumann, Edward. “Al Carter, First or Last at Big Events,” The Chicago Tribune, July 12, 1987.

  Berman, Marshall. All That is Solid Melts into Air. New York: Penguin Books, 1988.

  Bigart, Homer. “’64 Fair Seeking Global Flavor,” New York Times, December 2, 1962.

  Bloom, Jack M. Class, Race, and the Civil Rights Movement. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.

  Brawley, Arthur. “The Fire on New York’s Famous Little Island,” Sports Illustrated, July 23, 1962.

  Cannato, Vincent J. The Ungovernable City: John Lindsay and His Struggle to Save New York. New York: Basic Books, 2002.

  Carlin, Peter Ames. Paul McCartney: A Life. New York: Touchstone Books, 2010.

  Caro, Robert A. “The City-Shaper.” The New Yorker, January 5, 1998.

  Chiasson, Dan. “Fast Company.” The New Yorker, April 7, 2008.

  Coleman, Ray. Lennon: The Definite Biography. London: Pan Books, 2000.

  D’Antonio, Michael. Forever Blue: The True Story of Walter O’Malley, Baseball’s Most Controversial Owner, and the Dodgers of Brooklyn and Los Angeles. New York: Riverhead Books, 2009.

  Dalrymple, Theodore. “The Architect as Totalitarian,” City Journal, Autumn 2009.

  Dickstein, Morris. Gates of Eden: American Culture in the Sixties. New York: Penguin Books, 1989.

  Dunlap, David W. “Scrutinizing the Legacy of Robert Moses,” New York Times, May 11, 1987.

  Dunn, Gary, and Harvey Pekar. Students for a Democratic Society: A Graphic History. New York: Hill & Wang, 2008.

  Dylan, Bob. Chronicles: Volume One. New York: Simon &and Schuster, 2004.

  Ellison, Ralph. “Harlem Is Nowhere,” Harper’s, August 1964.

  Epperson, Bruce. “Eminence Domain: Reassessing the Life and Public Works of Robert Moses,” Technology and Culture, Volume 48, Number no. 4, (October 2007).

  Freeman, Henry Ira. “Originator of Fair Dropped by Moses,” New York Times, April 9, 1960.

  Fortune, the Editors of. The Exploding Metropolis: A Study of the Assault on Urbanism and How Our Cities Can Resist It. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor, 1958.

  Gaddis, John Lewis. The Cold War: A New History. New York: Penguin Books, 2007.

  Ganz, James, and Eric Lipton. City in the Sky: The Rise and Fall of the World Trade Center. New York: Times Books, 2003.

  Gelb, Arthur, and A. M. Rosenthal. The Pope’s Journey to the United States. Written by Staff Members of the New York Times. New York: Bantam, 1965.

  Genauer, Emily. “Showplace for Artists: An Old Story Becomes New,” New York Herald Tribune, August 18, 1963.

  Giedion, Sigfried. Space, Time and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition. Fifth Edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976.

  Gitlin, Todd. The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage. New York: Bantam, 1993.

  Goldberger, Paul. “Robert Moses, Master Builder, is Dead at 92,” The New York Times, July 30, 1981.

  ———. “Eminent Dominion,” The New Yorker, February 5, 2007.

  Gottehrer, Barry. New York: City in Crisis. New York: David McKay Company, 1965.

  Gratz, Roberta Brandes. The Battle for Gotham: New York in the Shadow of Robert Moses and Jane Jacobs. New York: Nation Books, 2011.

  Gutman, David, and Elizabeth Thomason (editors). The Dylan Companion. Boston: Da Capo Press, 2001.

  Haley, Alex. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Ballatine Books, 1992.

  Hayes, Harold (editor). Smiling Through the Apocalypse: Esquire’s History of the Sixties. New York: Delta Books, 1971.

  Hunt, Richard P. “Moses Quits 5 State Posts, Charging Governor Asked One of Them For Brother,” New York Times, December 1, 1962.

  “Indignant Rabbi,” New York Times, February 15, 1967.

  Jackson, Sharyn Elise. “International Participation of the 1964–65 New York World’s Fair,” (B.A. thesis, New York University, 2004).

  Judt, Tony. Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945. New York: Penguin Books, 2006.

  Kaplan, Fred. 1959: The Year Everything Changed. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 2009.

  Kennedy, John F. A Nation of Immigrants. New York: Popular Library, 1964.

  Koestenbaum, Wayne. Andy Warhol. New York: Penguin Books, 2001.

  Kramer, Jane. Allen Ginsberg in America. New York: Fromm, 1997.

  Larrivee, Shaina D. “Playscapes: Isamu Noguchi’s Designs for Play,” Public Art Dialogue, Vol. 1, Issue no. 1, (March 2011).

  Lattin, Don. The Harvard Psychedelic Club. New York: Harper One, 2010.

  Leary, Timothy. High Priest. Classic Reprint Series (www.forgottenbooks.com).

  Lehman, David. The Last Avant-Garde: The Making of the New York School of Poets. New York: Anchor Books, 1999.

  Leland, John. Hip: The History. New York: Ecco, 2004.

  Lopate, Phillip. “A Town Revived, a Villain Redeemed.” New York Times, February 11, 2007.

  Lowe, Jeanne R. Cities in a Race with Time. New York: Vintage Books, 1968.

  Lysaght, Alan, and David P
ritchard. The Beatles: Oral History. New York: Hyperion, 1998.

  Marquese, Mike. Wicked Messenger: Bob Dylan and the 1960s. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2005.

  Matusow, Allen J. The Unraveling of America: A History of Liberalism in the 1960s. New York: Harper & Row, 1984.

  Meehan, Thomas. “Public Writer No.1?” The New York Times Magazine, December 12, 1965.

  Menand, Louis. “Why They Were Fab.” The New Yorker, October 16 and 23, 2000.

  ———. “Acid Redux,” The New Yorker, June 26, 2006.

  ———. “Drive, He Wrote,” The New Yorker, October 1, 2007.

  ———. “Top of the Pops,” The New Yorker, January 11, 2010.

  Morgan, Bill (editor). The Letters of Allen Ginsberg. Boston: Da Capo Press, 2008.

  Moses, Robert. “What’s the Matter with New York?” The New York Times Magazine, August 1, 1943.

  ———. “Mr. Moses Dissects the ‘Long-Haired Panners,’” The New York Times Magazine, June 25, 1944.

  ———. “A Report by Mr. Moses on New York Traffic,” The New York Times Magazine, November 4, 1945.

  ———. “Slums and City Planning,” The Atlantic Monthly, January 1945.

  ———. “Build and Be Damned,” The Atlantic Monthly, December 1950.

  ———. “The Traffic Menace, in Both Peace and War,” The New York Times Magazine, April 29, 1951.

  ———. “Problems: Many—And a Program,” The New York Times Magazine, February 1, 1953.

  ———. “Are Cities Dead?” The Atlantic Monthly, January 1962.

  ———. “Moses Meets the Press—Head On,” The New York Times Magazine, August 15, 1962.

  Mumford, Lewis. “Mother Jacobs’ Home Remedies,” The New Yorker, December 1, 1962.

  ———. The City in History. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1962.

  Norman, Philip. John Lennon: The Life. New York: Ecco, 2008.

  Ouroussoff, Nicolai. “Complex, Contradictory Robert Moses,” New York Times, February 2, 2007.

  Perry, Charles. Haight-Ashbury: A History. New York: Wenner Books, 2005.

  Pogrebin, Robin. “Rehabilitating Robert Moses,” New York Times, January 23, 2007.

  Powell, Michael. “A Tale of Two Cities,” New York Times, May 6, 2007.

  Randolph, Eleanor. “Robert Moses, Builder, Left Behind His Power Tool,” New York Times, February 14, 2007.

  Remnick, David. King of the World. New York: Random House, 1998.

  Rogers, Cleveland. “Robert Moses: An Atlantic Portrait,” The Atlantic Monthly, February 1939.

  Ross, Alex. “The Wanderer,” The New Yorker, May 10, 1999.

  Rotolo, Suze. A Freewheelin’ Time: A Memoir of Greenwich Village in the Sixties. New York: Broadway Books, 2009.

  Rybczynski, Witold. The Look of Architecture. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

  ———. Makeshift Metropolis. New York: Scribner, 2001.

  Schonberg, Harold C. “What Attracts More People Than the Beatles? Beethoven!” New York Times, August 22, 1965

  Schwartz, Joel. The New York Approach: Robert Moses, Urban Liberals, and Redevelopment of the Inner City. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1993.

  Sheff, David. All We Are Saying: The Last Major Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

  Smith, Michael L. “Representations of Technology at the 1964 World’s Fair.” In The Power of Culture: Critical Essays in American History, edited by Richard Wightman Fox and T. J. Jackson Lears. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993.

  Sounes, Howard. Down the Highway: The Life of Bob Dylan. New York: Grove Press, 2001.

  Stevens, Mark, and Annalyn Swan. De Kooning: An American Master. New York: Knopf, 2001.

  Swados, Harvey. “When Black and White Live Together,” The New York Times Magazine, November 13, 1966.

  Talbot, David. Brothers: The Hidden History of the Kennedy Years. New York: Free Press, 2008.

  Talese, Gay. The Bridge. New York: Walker & Co. 2003.

  Tolchin, Martin. “Fair a Showcase for Civil Rights,” The New York Times, June 9, 1964.

  Tosches, Nick. The Devil and Sonny Liston. Boston: Little, Brown, 2000.

  Trow, George W. S. The Context of No Context. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997.

  Turnbull, Craig. “Please Make No Demonstrations Tomorrow: The Brooklyn Congress of Racial Equality and Symbolic Protest at the 1964–65 World’s Fair,” Australasian Journal of American Studies, Vol. 17, No. 1, (July 1998).

  Tyson, Timothy B. “Robert F. Williams, ‘Black Power,’ and the Roots of African American Freedom Struggle,” Journal of American History 2, no. 85 (September 1998).

  Ultimate Music Guide Issue 13: The Beatles. Uncut magazine, 2013.

  Von Hoffman, Nicholas. “Beware of the Robert Moses Revisionists,” The New York Observer, May 27, 2007.

  Wechsler, James A. “Fair World,” New York Post, February 8, 1962.

  Wenner, Jann S. Lennon Remembers. London: Verso, 2000.

  Whitman, Alden. “Francis J. Spellman: New York Archbishop and Dean of American Cardinals,” New York Times, December 3, 1967.

  Wilentz, Sean. Bob Dylan in America. New York: Anchor Books, 2011.

  “World’s Fair Bias Probed by Bunche,” New York Amsterdam News, February 17, 1962.

  The WPA Guide to New York City: The Federal Writers Project Guide to 1930s New York. New York: The New Press, 1993.

  Websites

  The King Center, www.thekingcenter.org

  The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, www.stanford.edu/group/King/liberation_curriculum/resources

  The Malcolm X Project at Columbia University, www.columbia.edu/cu/ccbh/mxp

  Warholsuperstars.org, www.warholstars.org

  INDEX

  African Americans. See also civil rights movement

  employment discrimination, 58–61, 63–64, 76, 79

  genocide of, 141

  housing, 28–29, 64–65, 77

  miscegenation legislation, 164

  murders of, 75, 87–90, 132, 233

  segregation of, 27–28, 122, 164, 174–75, 224

  African Pavilion, 203

  Agony and the Ecstasy, The (movie), 272

  Alpert, Robert, 251, 252

  America Be Seated (revue), 235

  American Arts Pavilion, 235

  American-Israel Pavilion, 204, 211–15, 294–95

  Animals, 299–300

  anti-American culture, 129–34

  antiobscenity campaigns, 161–72

  Apollo space program, 47, 206

  Audio-Animatronics, 53–57

  Autofare, 209

  Baez, Joan, 85–86, 241, 280

  Baldwin, James, 71–72, 115, 132, 174–75

  “Ballot or the Bullet, The” (speech), 139–42

  Barety, Leon, 41

  Barnes, Henry A., 181, 312

  Basil, Amos, 94

  Beame, Abraham, 271–72, 275, 276, 313

  Beatles

  albums as time capsule item, 269

  Ali/Clay meeting with, 127–28

  artistic direction, 301–2, 326–27

  competition, 298

  concerts, 125–26, 241–42, 245, 302–5, 310

  criticism of, 133–34

  Dylan and, 124–25, 242–45, 280

  Goodman, Benny, interview with, 241

  lyrics, importance of, 300

  New York arrivals, 121, 301

  popularity of, 104–5, 121–25, 244, 298–99

  Beckwith, Byron De La, 75

  Belafonte, Harry, 72, 85, 86, 240

  Bel Geddes, Norman, 237

  Belgian Village, 272

  Bennett, Georg
e H., 64

  Berkeley Free Speech Movement, 172

  Bernbach, Doyle Dane, 13

  Bernstein, Leonard, 98

  Bernstein, Sid, 124, 302, 303, 305

  Bikila, Abebe, 293

  Birmingham racial violence, 69–71, 87–90, 176

  Black Nationalists, 136

  Bloody Sunday, 291

  Blues for Mr. Charlie (play), 132

  boycotts, 40–41, 70, 176, 177, 178, 294

  Brazil, 266

  Brig, The (play/film), 166

  Brooks, Harvey, 240

  Bruce, Lenny, 168–71, 251

  Bruno, Jerry, 84

  Brunson, Isaiah, 175, 180, 194

  Bryant, C. Farris, 259

  Bunche, Ralph J., 58, 63–64, 180, 195, 235

  Bureau of International Expositions (BIE), 12–13, 14–15, 37–41, 46, 203

  Burial of the Count of Orgaz, The (El Greco), 210

  Burroughs, William S., 131

  Byrd, Robert, 221

  Byrds, 280–81

  Café Au Go Go, 168–69

  Lé Cafe Metro, 167

  Callender, Herbert, 194

  Canaday, John, 209–10, 216, 323

  Candy (Southern), 131

  Carlino, Joseph, 12

  Carousel of Progress, 54, 207

  Carter, Al, 188

  Cassady, Neal, 247

  Castro, Fidel, 6

  Catan, Michael, 188

  Catholicism, 132–33

  Chamberlain, Wynn, 149

  Chaney, James, 219–24, 226, 232–33

  Chant d’Amour, Un (film), 166–67

  Chrysler Pavilion, 294

  Churchill, Winston, 278

  “City in Crisis, A” (Herald Tribune series), 288

  City in History, The (Mumford), 30

  Civil Rights Act of 1964, 108, 129–30, 138, 140, 142, 174, 178, 182, 221–22, 282–83

  civil rights movement

  Birmingham demonstrations and violence, 69–71, 87–90

  conflicted philosophies, 174–75

  counterprotests against, 294

  employment discrimination, 58–61, 63–64, 76, 79, 175

  fair venue for international attention, 78, 80, 81–82

 

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