Breakpoint_Why the Web will Implode, Search will be Obsolete, and Everything Else you Need to Know about Technology is in Your Brain
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Google Glass, 167
Google Maps, 90–1
Google+, 73–4, 92
headquarters, 41
Knowledge Graph, 89–90
search algorithms of, 15, 85–90, 139, 145–6
See also Mayer, Marissa
Gordon, Deborah, 7–9, 11–14, 22, 49–50, 136–7, 210–14n
growth phase of networks, 18–19. See also breakpoint; carrying capacity; hypergrowth
Gutenberg, Johannes, 62
Hamlet, 116
Hastings, Reed, 152
Hawks, John, 159, 232n
Herculano-Houzel, Suzana, 38–9,
216n
Hoffman, Reid, 133, 229n
Hofstadter, Douglas, 195, 238n
Hölldobler, Bert, 184, 214n, 235n
Homer, 170, 234n
Homo erectus, 159
Homo sapiens, 182, 184
Horowitz, Bradley, 73, 222n
horses, 24
HRP–4, 171, 234n, 213n
Hwai-Jong Cheng
hypergrowth, 4–5, 18, 35, 67, 105, 107, 110, 114–15, 120–1
hyperthymesia, 51–2
IBM, 41, 45, 172, 176
ideas, 4, 48–9, 51–4, 149, 161–3, 218n
Indiegogo, 113, 169
industrial revolution, 162, 186, 233n
information overload, 3, 152
Instagram, 19, 72, 74–5, 121, 222n
InteraXon, 169
internet:
ARPA and, 31–2
breakpoint of, 6, 34–6, 56–9, 62
carrying capacity of, 35–7, 45, 53–6, 71
compared to ant colony, 15
compared to human brain, 189–201
Ethernet and, 31
growth of, 18–19, 39–40
history of, 13–15, 31–7
IXPs and, 32
modularity of, 40–2
NSF and, 32
physicality of, 32–3
TCP and, 14–16, 31, 40
of things, 214n, 215n
Internet Exchange Points (IXPs), 32
intuition, 199–200
iPad, 58
iPhone, 58, 95, 220n
islands, 1, 22, 27–32, 34–7, 57, 126, 209n, 214
James, E. L., 109
Jobs, Steve, 83
JOBS Act (2012), 115
Kasparov, Gary, 176
Kelly, Kevin, 76–7, 93, 223n, 234n
Kickstarter, 113–15, 226n
Kittur, Aniket, 107
Kiva, 113–14
Klein, David R., 209n
Klein, Karen, 113, 226n
knowledge, 3
Knowledge Graph, 89–90
Kosmo, 123
Kurzweil, Ray, 175
language:
acquisition of, 140–2, 148, 230n
barriers, 137–8, 155
interfaces, 95–6
linguistics, 140, 142, 156
memory storage of, 60
of the mind, 11
search as driver for, 88
synsets and, 144–5, 153–4
translation, 156
universal, 155–6
Last.fm, 133
Lenat, Doug, 199, 238n
Lending Club, 114
Leontiadis, Dr. Ilias, 227
Lexxe, 96
Ling, Dr. Geoffrey, 165
linguists, 140, 142, 156
LinkedIn, 72, 122, 128, 132, 229n
links of neurons, 15, 60–2, 70, 74, 87, 97
Louis XV, King, 99–103
Low, Lawrence K., 231n
Mahalo, 92
Margolis, Howard, 195
Mayer, Marissa, 81–4, 88, 90, 94–5, 223n
memory, human, 15, 42, 49–56, 60, 143, 197–200
Metcalfe, Bob, 35–6, 216n
microfinancing, 114
microloan, 114
Microsoft, 41, 82, 124
Mill, John Stuart, 131
Miller, George, 142, 144, 146–7, 217n, 230–1n
mirror neurons, 146–50, 152, 154–5, 231–2n
modems, 36–7
Moffett, Mark, 184
monopolies, 19, 131–2
Moreira, Aldenise A., 236
Morse, Samuel, 43
Murray, James, 107–9, 225n
Musk, Elon, 169
myelin sheaths, 43
MySpace, 21–2, 67–71, 92, 129–30, 132, 214n
Naked Pizza, 131, 229n
nano-cameras, 33
National Science Foundation (NSF), 32
natural disaster relief, 113
natural monopolies, 131–2
natural selection, 19, 61, 118, 137, 160, 188, 171, 175, 184, 210n, 218n
Necomimi, 169
Netflix, 14, 39–40, 77, 112, 123, 151–2, 155, 226n, 231–2n
Netscape, 85, 124
network curve, 16–17
network revolution, 157, 186–8
networks:
efficiency vs. size of, 30–1
of neurons, 10–11, 23, 47, 51–2, 222n
of roads, 125–6, 228n
social, 67–80, 130, 184–5
three phases of, 18–25
See also breakpoint; carrying capacity
Neurogrid, chip, 44–5, 217n
neurons:
carrying capacity and, 30, 51–2
cellular suicide and, 12, 62, 71, 218n
compared to computers, 15, 142–3, 189–91, 193–4, 197
cooking as reason for increased quantity of, 38–9
as crowdsourcing, 101–2
dopamine, 197, 238n
electricity and, 156–7, 163
fallibility of, 44, 217n
human development and, 5, 18, 20, 140, 213n
intelligence and, 23
links of, 15, 60–2, 70, 74, 87, 97
memory and, 15, 51–2
mirror, 146–50, 152, 154–5, 231–2n
myelin and, 43–4
network of, 10–11, 23, 47, 51–2, 222n
neurogenesis, 18
neuronal feedback, 15
number of, 10–11, 173, 194, 212n, 216n, 234–5n
on/off processing of, 11, 47, 169,
174
oversimplification of, 174–5
search and, 97
structure of, 15, 192
synthetic, 201
neuroscience, 102, 146–7, 212n. See also brain, human; neurons
NeuroSky, 168
neurowear, 169–70, 234n
New York City, 23–5
Nina, 96
NSFnet, 32
Nuance, 96
Obama, Barack, 113–15
obesity, 3
O’Connell, Michael, 211
oDesk, 111, 226n
open source software, 103
overshoot of carrying capacity, 20, 22, 30, 45, 83, 119, 186, 214n
Oxford English Dictionary, 107–8, 225n
Page, Carl Victor, 87
Page, Larry, 85, 87, 122
Palmer, Amanda, 114, 226n
parallel processing, 42, 191, 198, 237n, 238n
Path, 70
PayPal, 133
Peapod, 123–4, 228n
Pearce, Mick, 181–2, 236n
Pelley, Scott, 165–6
Penfield, Wilder, 140
Pepsi, 78
Pinker, Steven, 140–2, 151, 198
Pinterest, 72, 76
Plato, 170, 198
; Ponzi schemes, 36
Price, Jill, 51–2, 56, 218n
printing press, 24, 63, 161, 186
Proganochelys, 118, 227
psychic activity, 162–4, 166
Quora, 93, 109–10
Ramachandran, V. S., 147, 231n
Read, Leonard, 183
Redfin, 96
reindeer on St. Matthew Island, 1–3, 22, 34–5, 57, 126, 209n, 214n
reverse engineering, 149, 172–5
Ridley, Matt, 184
Rizzollati, Giacomo, 146–7
robotics, 165–6, 170–1, 175–6, 234n
Rosen, Larry, 55
St. Matthew Island, 1, 22, 34–5, 57, 209n, 214
Scheuermann, Jan, 164–7, 233n
Schindler, Mathias, 106, 225n
Schmidt, Erik, 200
sea squirts, 117–18, 133, 226n
Seabright, Paul, 221n
search engines, 56, 59, 85–97, 139, 143, 146. See also Google; Yahoo!
Shah, Devavrat, 152
Shakespeare, William, 116
sharks, 118, 195, 227n
Shaw, George Bernard, 137
Sieberg, Daniel, 55
singularity, 175–7, 235n
Siri, 95–6, 143
SixApart
slave-making ants, 48–50, 217n
Slutsky, Irina, 224n
SmartCap, 167–8
social care, 112
social networks, 67–80, 130, 184–5.
See also specific social media networks
SocialNet, 133
Soviet Union, 31, 65
Sparked, 33, 112–13
Spaun, 200–1, 239n
spreading activation, 97, 145, 153, 231n
Sputnik, 31
Stabler, Ed, 139, 230n
StartSomeGood, 113
Stork, Dr. David, 211n
Surowiecki, James, 110, 225n
Swingly, 96
synsets, 144–5, 153–4
Taco Bell, 79
termites, 181–2, 236–7n
Tesla, 169–70, 234n
Topoff, Howard, 217n
Townsend, James, 237n
traffic jams, 125–6, 228n
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 14–16, 31, 40, 125, 212n
Trulia, 96
Tumblr, 75
turtles, 118, 227
Twitter:
ant communication compared to, 11, 211n
Instagram and, 75
lack of hierarchical structure of, 80
lawyers’ monitoring of, 77
marketing and, 78–9, 131
simplicity of, 73–4
weighted links and, 61
venture capital (VC), 121–3, 124, 144
von Neumann, John, 175–6, 235n
Wales, Jimmy, 104
Watson computer, 172, 176
Webvan, 123, 228n
West, Kanye, 78
Wikia, 133
Wikimedia Foundation, 105–6, 224–5n
Wikipedia, 89, 93, 96, 103–11, 211n, 223–5n
Wilson, Edward O., 211n, 214n, 218n, 235n
Winograd, Terry, 87
wisdom, 149–50, 170, 199–200
wisdom of crowds, 103, 107, 109–10, 112–13
Wolfram Alpha, 89
WordNet, 142–8, 153–4, 231n
World Wide Web. See internet
Wrangham, Richard, 38, 216n
Wright brothers, 173
Yahoo!, 67, 82, 84–8, 90, 94, 109, 122, 223n
Yang, Jerry, 84, 122
Yelp, 58, 72, 78, 93, 96
Young, Dr. Kimberly, 55
Young, Susan, 233n
YouTube, 14, 43, 79, 154, 212n, 232n, 235n
Zeo, 168, 234n
Zuckerberg, Mark, 68, 75, 110, 122, 128, 130, 222n, 224n, 229n
Zwiebel, Laurence, 136
Zynga, 133