Going Dutch: How England Plundered Holland's Glory
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Index
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Page numbers in italic indicate illustrations and captions.
A
Aachen, Treaty of (1678), 62
ABN Amro (bank), 358
Académie royale des sciences, Paris, 266, 297, 316
acupuncture, 344–5
Aerssen, François van see Sommelsdijck, Heer van
Aga, 327, 329
Albany, New York (formerly Fort Orange), 321, 323, 326, 331
Amalia, Princess see Solms, Princess Amalia von
America (North): Dutch settlement and activities in, 320–6; British take over Dutch territories, 327, 329–32, 346 Amsterdam: stock exchange crashes (1688), 41; art in, 120–1; international trade, 175, 320, 333–5; buildings, 205; Botanical Garden, 249; and New Netherland settlement, 324–6; wealth and culture in, 334–7, 334–5, 336; Bourse and financial system, 336–8, 337, 340
Anamaboa, 327, 329
Anglo-Dutch wars, 47, 162, 264, 285, 290, 329, 352–3
Anne, Queen (earlier Princess), 56–7, 79
Antônio Vaz (island), 253
Antwerp: art and artists, 90, 120–1, 131, 193; affluence, 175–6; émigré English community, 175, 195, 197–8, 204; character, 176, 180, 193, 204; Duke and Duchess of Newcastle in, 195–8, 200, 203; Huygens visits, 208; Spanish pressure on, 333
Arenberg, Duke of: garden, 250
Arms of Amsterdam (ship), 321
art: collections acquired and sold, 100–10, 113–18, 120–31, 136–9, 184, 259–60; gifts from Dutch to Charles II, 139–40, 142–5; in English Royal Collection, 144–5, 147–8; paintings retained by Dutch after William’s death, 145; Duartes and, 182–4
Arundel, Althea, Countess of, 108–9
Arundel, Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of, 101–2, 106–8, 110, 116, 130, 132, 184
Auzout, Adrien, 203, 296–9, 301–8
Avaux, Jean Antoine de Mesmes, comte d’, 41
Axholme, Isle of, Lincolnshire, 237
B
Bacon, Sir Francis: Sir Constantijn Huygens meets, 167; ‘New Atlantis’, 81
Baerle, David van, 122–3
Baerle, Gaspar van, 150–1, 254–5
Baerle, Johan van II, 122, 238
Baerle, Petronella van (wife of Paulus Bisschop), 122
Baerle, Susanna van see Huygens, Susanna
Ballet de la Carmesse, 188–92
Bank of England: founded, 345, 347–8
Bedford, Francis Russell, 4th Earl of, 238
Bedford Level, Cambridgeshire, 238
Bentinck, Hans Willem (later 1st Earl of Portland): prepares Dutch invasion of England, 4, 37, 246; lands in England, 11; on lack of English support for invasion, 15–16; correspondence with William, 28; and William’s Declaration, 29; gathers intelligence on English, 37, 50; negotiates with Brandenburg, 38; admires Wilton gardens, 50; garden designs at Hampton Court and Kensington Palace, 50; gardens and country estate, 225, 250, 252, 256; buys Sorgvliet from Jacob Cats, 239, 241; as adviser to William, 248; supplies plants to Fagel, 248; remarries, 256; earldom, 310
Bentinck, Martha Jane (née Temple), 256
Berckhout, Pieter Teding van, 144
Beverning, Lord, 250
Beverwijck, 323, 325
Bisschop, Paulus, 122
Blathwayt, William, 260–2<
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Bolsover House, England, 196, 210
Boswell, James, 271
Bourbon-Montpensier, Charlotte de, 230
Boyle, Elizabeth see Shannon, Viscountess
Boyle, Francis see Shannon, 1st Viscount
Boyle, Robert: friendship with Burnet, 43; visits Netherlands, 170; on Grand Tour, 172; and Christiaan Huygens’ watch mechanism, 267, 280; co-founds Royal Society, 273; leaves London during plague, 305
Brandenburg, Friedrich, Elector of: accession, 38
Brandenburg, Friedrich Wilhelm, Elector of (’Great Elector’): death, 38; marriage, 38, 75
Brandenburg, Louise Henriette, Electress of, 38, 75, 147
Brant, Isabella (Rubens’s wife), 109
Bray, Salomon de, 90
Brazil: Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen’s garden in, 253–4; landscape, 254–5; Johan Maurits sends commodities to Sir Constantijn Huygens from, 333
Brereton, William, 336
Breughel, Jan I: Cattle Market, 123
Briel, Den (frigate), 10
Bril, Paul, 126
Britain see England
Brouncker, William, 2nd Viscount, 274–5, 279, 281–2, 289, 304–5
Browne, Edward, 265, 356
Bruce, Alexander see Kincardine, 2nd Earl of
Bruges: Charles II in, 175
Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke of, 110, 116, 131, 184, 195
Buren, Netherlands, 85
Burlamachi, Philip, 100
Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury: lands with William, 11, 14; as William’s chaplain, 11, 46; on setting up of Convention (1688), 18; edits and translates William’s Declaration, 29, 43; reads Declaration from Exeter cathedral pulpit, 31; influenced by Dutch Republic, 36; background and career, 42–3, 46; and William’s aims, 42; and William’s claim to English throne, 246; History of his own Times, 36
Busschoff, Hermann, 343
C
Calado, Manuel, 255
Cambridge, Prince Charles, Duke of: death in babyhood, 66
Cambridge University: Newton’s position at, 311–12
Campani, Giuseppe, 297, 301
Campen, Jacob van, 89–90, 156–8, 159, 204, 207, 209–10, 333
Carleton, Sir Dudley: diplomatic career, 94, 99–101, 108; art collection and interests, 102, 104–10, 112, 123; introduces Honthorst to Charles I, 131; protests at New Netherland Company in America, 321
Caron, Noel de, Lord of Schoonewalle, 94–6
Carr, Robert see Somerset, Earl of
Catherine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II, 54, 78
Cats, Jacob, 50, 220, 225, 231, 233, 238, 241
Caus, Isaac de, 47–8
Caus, Salomon de, 86, 228, 230; Hortus Palatinus, 219
Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle, 149, 194, 196–7, 200–1, 203, 208–9
Charles I, King of Great Britain and Ireland: garden, 22; portraits, 55, 74, 109, 117, 120, 148; execution, 65, 113, 120, 238; and daughter Mary’s marriage, 67, 69–70, 73; personal rule, 67; and Civil War, 72; gives pension to Elizabeth of Bohemia, 88; welcomes Sir Constantijn Huygens, 95, 212; art collection sold and dispersed, 108, 115–17, 131, 137; and Dutch artists, 130–1; and Lanier, 198; ostentation, 207; visits Wilton, 219; appoints Vermuyden to drain Hatfield Chase, 237–8; financial anxieties, 347
Charles II, King of Great Britain and Ireland: and garden design, 21, 224, 226; and succession, 54–5, 88; declines Dutch appeal for support against French, 62–3; proposed Dutch marriages, 75–7; in Netherlands, 76–7, 88, 170, 172, 204, 269; and Elizabeth Killigrew, 77, 170; mistresses and illegitimate children, 77–8, 170–1; Restoration and return to England (1660), 77, 139, 197; marriage to Catherine of Braganza, 78; relations with William, 80; reacquires royal works of art, 117; Hanneman portrait, 132; Dutch gift of paintings on Restoration, 139–40, 142, 143, 144–5; in Spa, 161–2; excluded from United Provinces, 175; in Antwerp, 178; hears Anne de la Barre sing, 186; and Ballet de la Carmesse, 192; and Duke of Newcastle’s move to Antwerp, 195; and Prince Rupert’s drops, 202; rebuilds Greenwich palace, 206; coronation, 274, 315; and charter for Connecticut, 317; anti-Dutch courtiers, 327, 329; and British assault on Dutch settlements in North America, 327, 331–2; entertains William on visit to London, 350–1; William attempts to recover money from, 350–2; signs Treaty of Dover (1670), 352
Chester, 32
China: medical practices imported to West, 344–5
Christina, Queen of Sweden, 185, 187, 196, 222–3
Civil War (English, 1642–6), 72–3, 169
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of: and daughter Anne’s marriage to James, Duke of York, 54; commissions Lely portraits, 135; on Downing’s financial reforms, 347–8
Clarendon, Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of: sees William’s Declaration, 30; as Anne Hyde’s brother, 56; on Maria of Modena’s pregnancy, 56
Cleves, 256
Clifford, Anne see Pembroke, Anne, Countess of
Clingendael, 234, 241, 242–3, 245
clocks and watches: mechanisms, 263, 266–83, 267, 289–90, 306, 329; see also longitude
Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 308
Coligny, Louise de (William the Silent’s widow), 98
Compton, Henry, Bishop of London, 250, 252
Coninckloo, Gillis van, 123
Connecticut, 316–17, 330
Coques, Gonzales, 90, 177
Cortlandt, Maria van, 333
Corus Steel, 358
Coster, Salomon, 270, 278
Cousyns, Stephanus, 249
Couwenbergh, Christiaan van, 90
Craven, William, Earl of, 20, 191
Crayer, Caspar de, 90–1
Crofts, William, 171
Cromwell, Oliver, 113, 118, 134–5, 161, 197, 336, 349
Cromwell, Richard, 197
Culross, Fife, 273
Cusance, Béatrice de, 198
D
Danby, Thomas Osborne, 1st Earl of (later Duke of Leeds), 17, 57
Danckerts, Hendrick, 24–5, 147
Danvers, Henry, Baron (later Earl of Danby), 102, 106
Davenant, Sir William, 173
Davidson, Sir William, 293
Delft faïence, 240, 261–2
Descartes, René, 153; Discours de la méthode, 153–4
Desmarets, Daniel, 250
Desolate Boedelkamer (bankruptcy chamber): art auctions, 122
Devonshire, William Cavendish, 4th Earl of, 56
Dieussart, François, 138–9, 160–1
Dijkvelt, Everard van Weede van: prepares invasion of England, 4; correspondence with William, 28; and William’s Declaration, 29; as ambassador to England, 37
Donne, John, 167
Doort, Abraham van der, 108, 115
Dorp, Dorothea van, 149, 152
Dou, Gerrit, 143–4; The Young Mother (painting), 140, 141, 145
Doublet (or Doubleth), Gertruyd (née Huygens), 211, 242
Doublet (or Doubleth), Philips, jr, 93, 211, 234, 241, 242, 245–6, 290
Doublet (or Doubleth), Philips, sr, 245
Doublet, Susanna (née Huygens), 93, 241–3, 242, 244, 308
Dover, Treaty of (1670), 353
Downing, Sir George, 330–1, 345–8
Drebbel, Cornelius, 167
Dryden, John, 173
Duarte family, 177–8, 177, 182–4, 195, 198
Duarte, Constantia, 178
Duarte, Diego (Gaspar’s father), 177
Duarte, Diego (Gaspar’s son), 120, 177, 183
Duarte, Francesca, 182
Duarte, Gaspar, 120–1, 169, 176–8, 180–1, 183, 186, 259
Duarte, Jacob, 177, 180–1
Dugdale, William, 291
Dumanoir, Guillaume, 192
Durham, 31–2
Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC): activities, 241, 247, 319, 339–40; founding charter, 338; financing, 339–40; relations with English East India Company, 340–1, 349; protected by state, 347
Dutch Republic see United Provinces
; Dutch West India Company (West-Indische Compagnie; WIC): captures Spanish treasure, 84–5; influence, 241; activities, 319; formed, 321; in North America (New Netherland), 321–2, 324–6, 332; protected by state, 347
Dyck, Sir Anthony (Anton) van: portraits of Charles I, 55, 75, 117, 148; wedding portrait of William III, 70, 71; Webb purchases Stuart portraits by, 116; Duarte deals in paintings, 120–1; Sir Constantijn Huygens praises, 126; Huygens introduces Lievens to, 129; at English court, 130–1; self-portrait, 130; travels, 130; death, 134; mourning picture of Thomas Killigrew and William Crofts, 171, 172
Dyrham Park, near Bath, 260–1
E
East India Company (English), 340, 349
Elizabeth I, Queen, 54
Elizabeth, Princess (daughter of Charles I), 67
Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia and Electress Palatine (’The Winter Queen’): served by Lord Craven, 20; in Heidelberg, 48, 86, 228; Princess Mary Stuart serves, 67; courtly life and culture, 81–2, 84, 86, 88–9, 191, 198; life and career, 86–7, 87; progress to Heidelberg, 86, 108; commissions art works, 129, 131; Dieussart’s bust of, 138; permanent residence in The Hague, 167, 174, 189, 229; aids Thomas Killigrew, 172; and George Morley, 176; and Anne de la Barre, 187; Lower dedicates work to, 188; and Ballet de la Carmesse, 190–2; finances, 191; forfeits claim to Bohemian crown, 219, 228–9
England (Britain): William of Orange invades, 1, 2–3, 4–8; Convention formed (1688), 18; and succession to throne, 54–6, 62–7; Dutch art and artists in, 113–15, 135; Royal Collection of art, 144–5, 147–8; marriages with Dutch partners, 159–60; gardens, 262; overseas competition with Dutch, 319, 326–7, 329–30, 332–3, 340; fiscal policy and reforms, 347–8; economic prosperity, 357; see also Anglo-Dutch wars
Essex, Arthur Capel, 1st Earl of, 43
Evelyn, John: on James II’s Catholicism, 4; on English apprehensions of Dutch invasion, 5, 26; on William’s landing and intentions, 14–15; on Dutch art fair, 121–2; on palace of Rijswijk, 140; praises Dou painting, 144; on Antwerp, 175; on Duarte home, 177–8; on trees in Dutch towns and gardens, 225, 237; on ancients’ lack of interest in exotic plants, 250; on Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen, 253; on Blathwayt, 260; visits Fromanteel with Christiaan Huygens, 274; Sylva, 226, 237, 253