The Fix: Soccer and Organized Crime

by Declan Hill

  For a description of Havelange’s views on de Andrade and visit to him in prison see Rodrigue, Ernesto. Jogo Duro, a História de João Havelange. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record, 2007. 284–85. Rodrigue’s biography was essentially authorized by Havelange and in it, Rodrigue reports Havelange speaking of de Andrade in the following way:

  “I am not a judge to judge anyone. One thing I know is that he is my friend and I am not going to judge Castor.”

  See also De Souza, Roberto Pereira. João Havelange: O Poderoso Chefao. Playboy Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). May 1994.124–41.

  For a superb account of the international intrigue and financial soap opera of Dassler’s world, see Smit, Barbara. Pitch Invasion: Adidas, Puma, and the Making of Modern Sport. London: Penguin, 2007.

  Yallop, David. How They Stole the Game. London: Poetic Publishing, 1999.

  Allegations of corruption at FIFA

  For a largely critical view of FIFA administration, see: Jennings, Andrew. Foul! The Secret World of FIFA: Bribes, Vote Rigging and Ticket Scandals. London: HarperSport, 2006.

  Sugden, Alan, and John Tomlinson. Badfellas: FIFA Family at War. London: Mainstream Sport Publishing, 2003.

  For a pro-FIFA view, see Lanfranchi, Pierre, Christiane Eisenberg, Tony Mason, and Alfred Wahl. 100 Years of Football: The FIFA Centennial Book. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004 (written with FIFA support and guidance).

  Recent financial controversies at FIFA

  Ledsom, Mark. “Former Boss of FIFA’s Ex-marketing Agency Faces Trial.” Reuters. November 21, 2007.

  “While the FIFA witnesses at trial boldly characterized their breaches …”

  United States District Court Southern District of New York: MasterCard International Incorporated v. Federation Internationale de Football Association, Amended Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, Judge Loretta A. Preska. December 7, 2006.

  “Life is made up of bad news …”

  “Our societies are trying to evade taxation …”

  “No one talks about that …”

  Interview with Jerome Champagne, December 2007.

  “I was a striker. I was number nine …”

  “My recollection [of the game] was a wonderful atmosphere …”

  “I think it is not true …”

  “I have spent over thirty years working at FIFA …”

  Interview with Sepp Blatter, February, 2008.

  Sepp Blatter had said that the women playing soccer …

  Staff writer. “Sexy Shorts Good Idea for Women’s Soccer: Blatter.” CBC Sports. January

  16, 2004. Available at www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2004/01/16/blatter010416.html.

  Two men filming Danish team talk

  Interviews with J 20; SO 36, 41, December 2007.

  “We don’t have to give details on how we conduct an investigation …” Interview at FIFA, February 2008.

  See also “Football: Outraged Denmark Vows to Pursue China ‘Spy’ Case.” Agence France Presse. September 16, 2007; and Zeigler, Mark. “World Cup Has Spying Scandal to Call its Own.” San Diego Union Tribune (San Diego). September 19, 2007. D2.

  “Tactical spying by a Chinese television station …”

  Interview with Sepp Blatter, February 2008.

  The FIFA case reference number is 070449 for this case.

  Ghana Women Approached to Fix Matches

  “Some of the officials listened in on the conversation …”

  “There was no evidence they had done anything wrong …”

  Interviews, December 2008

  EPILOGUE: THE SALVATION OF SOCCER

  “Kenya: Some of the Victims of Violent Attacks That Have Left Many Families HeartBroken.” AllAfrica News. February 3, 2007.

  “Aid Women Killed in Nairobi Were Presbyterian Missionaries.” Available at www.spcm.org/Journal/spip.php?article6177.

  Mathare has 500,000 people (www.matharevalley.org/about_mathare_valley.htm). Kibera has between 600,000 and 1.2 million (www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9070714).

  “Anywhere in the world that you have some people with lots of money …”

  “The flying toilets …”

  “When I play football, I forget about my companies at home …”

  “Some girls just go for prostitution …”

  Interviews with Rosemary Njiru, Joyce Motio, and Patricia Ktem, January 2007.

  “I got back pictures that were so shocking …”

  Interview with Clare O’Brien, February 2007.

  “So I made this deal with them …”

  “We looked at a variety of things …”

  “We had three problems …”

  Interview with Bob Munro, January 2007.

  “Since those early days, MYSA has expanded to other programs …”

  I spent ten days in around MYSA in January 2007, checking on the existence of the programs mentioned; interviewing over twenty people connected or formerly connected with MYSA, some of whom were quite bitter because of various personal situations with MYSA. However, no one said anything that affected the essential credibility of the organization.

  Background on the various mafia groups in Nairobi

  Interviews with diplomats, journalists, and a number of Mathare residents, at least one of whom had good connections within the Taliban, January 2007.

  Also Kenya National Association of Social Workers. Rapid Assessment on Mathare Slum Clashes. UN Habitat. January 2, 2007.

  “They outnumbered him. They just stopped the car.”

  Interview with Rosemary Njiru, January 2007.

  Situation in Mathare, June 2007

  Interviews with residents of Mathare and Nairobi, June 2007.

  “Kenya Police Shoot Sect Suspects.” BBC News. June 7, 2007.

  Battles between KFF, FIFA, and Munro

  Interviews with Gordon Olouch (Sports Commissioner for Kenya), Peter Lisamula, Mark Ageng on the “Probe into Bob Munro’s activities,” the acting chair of the KFF, and various journalists and referees.

  “People would come to me and say …”

  Interview with Bob Munro, January 2008.

  “Having heard all of this …

  Wilberforce, William. For a complete text of the speech delivered in the House of Commons, May 12, 1789, see http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:yvHrX_c6EWUJ:abolition.e2bn.org/file_download.php.

  See also Pollock, John. Wilber force. Tring, Hertfordshire:Lion Pubishing, 1982. 87–91.

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