Turing's Cathedral
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asynchronous
“background” vs. “problem” (ENIAC, 1947)
binary, ack.1, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 13.1, 18.1
digital vs. analog, 12.1, 14.1
error catastrophe and
error-correcting, 1.1, 12.1, 15.1
genetic, 1.1, 4.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2
Gödel’s theorems and, 6.1, 6.2
IFF (Identification Friend or Foe), 7.1, 8.1
interstellar propagation of
metazoan, 11.1, 12.1, 14.1, 16.1, 17.1
non-linear
proliferation of, 1.1, 1.2, 15.1, 18.1
statistical vs. digital
universal (Leibniz), 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 18.1
unpredictability of, prf.1, 18.1
see also cryptography (and cryptanalysis); language(s); “On Computable Numbers”; order codes; pulse-frequency coding; self-reproducing automata; software
Cold War, 4.1, 4.2, 11.1, 15.1
Collected Works (von Neumann)
collector societies, 12.1, 18.1
College of New Jersey, 2.1, 3.1
Colossus (cryptanalytical machine), 13.1, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2
Columbia University, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 16.1
command line, origins of, ack.1, ack.2, 17.1
communication, mathematical theory of (Shannon), 5.1, 7.1
Computer and the Brain, The (von Neumann, 1958)
computer science, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 18.1
Computron
Conant, James (1893–1978), 5.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
continuum hypothesis
Courant Institute (NYU)
Crane, Hewitt (1927–2008), 8.1, 18.1
Crawford, Anne (Flexner)
creationism
Crick, Francis (1916–2004), 1.1, 12.1, 15.1
crossing (of gene sequences), 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 18.1
Crossroads Nursery School (IAS), 6.1, 7.1, 18.1
cryptography (and cryptanalysis), 1.1, 13.1
crystallography, X-ray, 8.1, 18.1
Cybernetics movement, origins of
cyclogenesis
Dán, Charles, 10.1, 10.2
Darwin, Sir Charles (1887–1962)
DASK (Dansk Algoritmisk Sekvens Kalkulator)
Davis, John H. (Jack)
Davis, Martin, ack.1, 6.1, 11.1, 13.1, 14.1
Davis, Virginia
Dean, Gordon
debomber (Wiener and Bigelow), 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
Debye, Peter (1884–1966)
De Forest, Lee (1873–1961), 5.1, 5.2
de Hoffmann, Frederic (1924–1989)
delay-line memory, see memory, acoustic delay line
Delsasso, Betty
Dement, William C.
deuterium, 1.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
differential analyzer, 5.1, 5.2, 14.1
differential equations, 4.1, 9.1, 9.2
as difference equations
digital universe “artificially created universe,” (1953)
estimated magnitude of
explosion of, prf.1, 1.1, 1.2, 8.1, 11.1, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2
size of, in 1953
as third kingdom of mathematics
digital vs. analog, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1, 12.1, 14.1
Dirac, Paul A. M. (1902–1984), 3.1, 4.1, 4.2
“The Distribution of Wars in Time” (Richardson, 1944)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), 1.1, 8.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 17.1
Dodd, Paul A.
Doermann, August (Gus)
Donaldson, Lauren
dreaming brain, activity of
Dr. Strangelove (Kubrick)
Dutch East India Company
“The Dynamics of Long Waves in a Baroclinic Westerly Current” (Charney, 1946)
Dyson, Freeman, ack.1, 8.1, 11.1, 13.1, 14.1, 16.1
on Bigelow
on von Neumann, 3.1, 18.1
Earle, Edward Mead
Eckart, Carl Henry (1902–1973)
Eckert, John Presper (1919–1995), 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, 18.1, 18.2
on stored-program computing
on von Neumann
ECP (Electronic Computer Project, IAS), prf.1, ack.1, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 7.1
beginnings of, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 9.1
building for
funding of, prf.1, ack.1, 1.1, 5.1, 7.1, 14.1
and housing shortage, 6.1, 8.1
and hydrogen bomb, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 16.1, 18.1
opposition to, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 14.1, 14.2, 18.1
termination of, 14.1, 16.1, 18.1
see also IAS computer (MANIAC); numerical weather prediction
EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator)
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 13.1, 13.2
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), 4.1, 4.2
Einstein, Albert (1879–1955), 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 12.1, 18.1, 18.2
appointed to IAS (1933)
diet
his hi-fi system, 1.1, 7.1, 18.1
on nuclear weapons, 1.1, 5.1, 6.1, 10.1, 11.1
on Princeton
on sublimity of Nature’s law
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 11.1, 11.2, 14.1
Electronic Control Company (Eckert and Mauchly), 5.1, 7.1, 8.1, 18.1
security investigation of
“Electronic Computing Device” (Rajchman, 1943)
“Electronic Diff. Analyzer” (proposal, 1943)
electronics, evolution of, 5.1, 5.2
Eliassen, Arnt (1915–2000)
Eliassen, Ellen-Kristine
Eliot, T. S., on stay at IAS
Elugelab (Marshall Islands)
Emergency Committee for Displaced German Scholars (Rockefeller Foundation)
Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists
Emmanouilides, Akrevoe Kondopria, 7.1, 9.1
Enewetak (Marshall Islands), 1.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 18.1
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 14.1, 14.2, 16.1
and hydrogen bomb, 5.1, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
as multiple-core processor
and numerical weather prediction, 9.1, 9.2, 18.1
patent dispute, 5.1, 7.1, 18.1
storage capacity of, 5.1, 5.2
as stored-program computer, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 10.1, 18.1
Enigma (cryptographic machine), 13.1, 13.2
entelechies (Leibniz)
entropy
Entscheidungsproblem (decision problem), prf.1, 6.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 15.1, 18.1
“Equivalence of Left and Right Almost Periodicity” (Turing, 1935)
Erdos, Paul (1913–1996)
error catastrophe
error correction, 1.1, 7.1, 12.1, 12.2, 15.1
Eskdalemuir (Scotland)
Estrin, Deborah
Estrin, Gerald, 8.1, 12.1, 12.2, 18.1, 18.2
Estrin, Judy
Estrin, Thelma, 8.1, 9.1, 14.1, 18.1
Evans, Foster and Cerda, 1.1, 10.1, 12.1
Everett, Cornelius J., 11.1, 11.2
evolution, 12.1, 16.1, 16.2
acceleration of, 12.1, 16.1, 17.1
of computers vs. humans
cooperation as driver of
and crossing of gene sequences, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 18.1
Darwinian, 3.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 15.1
from genotype to phenotype
intelligence of, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1
Lamarckian, vs. Darwinian
and lateral gene transfer, 12.1, 12.2
and parasitism, 12.1, 12.2
reversal of
stagnation of
ultimate goal of
see also Barricelli, Nils Aall; language(s); stellar evolution
explosives (chemical), 4.1, 4.2, 8.1, 16.1
Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series (Wiener, 1942)
>
extraterrestrial life and intelligence, 12.1, 15.1
Facebook, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3
Farnsworth, Philo (1906–1971), 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S.), 5.1, 11.1, 18.1
feedback, negative
Fejér, Leopold
Fekete, Michael (1886–1957), 4.1, 18.1
Fell, Frank E.
Fellner, William
Fels, Samuel, 5.1, 5.2
Fenwick, John
Fermi, Enrico (1901–1954), 5.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 12.1, 14.1, 15.1
Fermi paradox
Ferranti Mark 1 (computer)
Feynman, Richard (1918–1988), prf.1, 4.1
Fine, Henry Burchard
Fine Hall (Princeton University), 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 13.1, 13.2
as interim home for IAS
finite differences
Finletter, Thomas K.
firing table(s), see ballistics
First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC (1945), 5.1, 8.1, 9.1, 13.1
Fish (cryptographic machines)
fission (nuclear), 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 13.1
FitzRandolph, Benjamin
Fjørtoft, Ragnar (1913–1998)
Flammarion, Camille
Fleming, John Ambrose
Flexner, Abraham (1866–1959)
appointed first director of IAS
childhood and education
on education and scholarship, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
and founding of IAS, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1
and Gödel, 4.1, 6.1
on IAS history
on medical education
on profits and research, 3.1, 8.1
on prostitution
resignation from IAS (1939), 3.1, 6.1, 18.1
and Oswald Veblen, 3.1, 6.1
and von Neumann, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 10.1
Flexner, Moritz
Flexner, Simon (1863–1946)
FLINT (floating point interpretive routine)
floating-point arithmetic, 10.1, 18.1
Flowers, Thomas H. (1905–1998)
Ford, Vincent, 4.1, 14.1
formal systems, 4.1, 6.1, 13.1, 13.2
Forrester, Jay
Fraenkel, Abraham
Frankel, Stanley P. (1919–1978), 1.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2
on von Neumann and Turing
Frankfurter, Felix
Franklin, Rosalind (1920–1958), 8.1, 12.1, 15.1
Franklin Institute
Friedman, Milton
Friends’ Ambulance Unit
Frost, Robert, 18.1, 18.2
Fuchs, Klaus (1911–1988), 11.1, 11.2
Fuld, Carrie Bamberger (1864–1944), 3.1, 6.1
Fuld, Felix, 3.1, 6.1
Fuld Hall (IAS), 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 11.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3
functions (computable and noncomputable), 4.1, 13.1, 13.2
game theory, 4.1, 4.2, 15.1, 16.1, 18.1
Gamow, George (1904–1968)
Gandy, Robin (1919–1995)
garbage disposal (“electric pig”)
Gardner, Trevor
Gaure, Simen
Geheimschreiber (cryptographic machine)
Gell-Mann, Murray
General Advisory Committee (Atomic Energy Commission), 1.1, 11.1, 11.2
general circulation (climate) models, 9.1, 18.1
General Education Board (Rockefeller Foundation)
genetics, see codes and coding, genetic
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (Princeton University)
Georgic
Gilbarg, Norma
Gillon, Paul N., 5.1, 5.2
Gödel, Adele Nimbursky (née Porkert)
Gödel, Kurt (1906–1978), 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 15.1, 15.2
ailments of, 6.1, 6.2
appointment(s) at IAS, 6.1, 6.2
and beginnings of ECP
citizenship paradox and visa problems
on the continuum hypothesis
death, in Princeton (1978)
and the draft board
and the Entscheidungsproblem, 6.1, 15.1, 18.1
escape from Europe via Russia and Japan, (1940)
and foundations of mathematics
on higher meaning
incompleteness (and undecidability) 4.1, 6.1, 10.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3
and Leibniz, 6.1, 6.2, 18.1
and numerical addressing
and rotating universe
and stored-program computing, 6.1, 6.2
and Turing computability, 6.1, 6.2, 13.1
and von Neumann, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1, 13.1, 18.1
Gödel numbering, 6.1, 6.2
Goldenfeld, Nigel
Goldstine, Adele, 7.1, 10.1
Goldstine, Herman H. (1913–2004), 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2
on algorithms
and Bigelow, 7.1, 8.1, 14.1, 15.1
and ECP, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 14.1, 15.1, 18.1, 18.2
and EDVAC
and the ENIAC, 5.1, 5.2, 10.1, 18.1
and IBM
on name MANIAC
on patent rights
on Oswald Veblen, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1
on von Neumann, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 10.1
on von Neumann and Turing, 13.1, 13.2
Gomory, Ralph
Good, Irving John (Jack, 1916–2009), 8.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 14.1
on computer as refrigerator
on ultraintelligent machine
Google, 16.1, 16.2, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3
Gore, Albert (Sr.)
Göttingen, University of, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 13.1
Graduate College (Princeton University)
Grasshopper, The (Klári von Neumann, 1963)
Great Disaster (Alfvén), 17.1, 17.2
Greenhouse George (nuclear test, 1951)
Greenland, Henry
Greenland’s Tavern
Groves, Leslie Richard (1896–1970), 5.1, 11.1, 11.2, 18.1
Gruenberger, Frank, 8.1, 8.2
Gruenthal, Max
Gulliksen, Tor
Gunning, William F.
Haldane, J. B. S. (1892–1964)
Hall, Philip
Halmos, Paul (1916–2006), 4.1, 4.2
Halperin, Israel
halting problem
see also Entscheidungsproblem
Hardy, G. H. (Godfrey Harold)
Harrison, Earl G.
Hartree, Douglas R., 8.1, 13.1