The World Split Open
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dating, 16
Davidson, Sara, 149
Davis, Angela, 247
Davis, Caroline, 80, 82
Dawson, Dorothy, 98–99
Dayton, Ohio, 268, 269–70
Decter, Midge, 91
Deep Throat, 192
Degler, Carl, 76
De la Cruz, Jesse, 33
Dellinger, Dave, 134
democracy, 78, 95, 96, 334, 344
Democratic Party, 64–65, 66
Densmore, Dana, 151
DES (diethylstilbestrol), 179
Dewars, 311
Dialectics of Sex, The (Firestone), 152
Dillard, Annie, 45, 49
Dinner Party, The (Chicago), 224
Di Prima, Diane, 49
divorce, 9, 13, 120, 272, 273–74, 314–15, 337
Dobbins, Peggy, 126, 202
Dock of the Bay, 162
Doctors’ Case Against the Pill, The (Seaman), 179
Dolan, John T., 91
“Double Jeopardy: Black and Female” (Beale), 281–82
Douglas, Susan, 297, 328
Downer, Carol, 176–77
Downing, Marjorie, 306–7
Draper, Bruce, 162
DuBois, Ellen, 266
Dudar, Helen, 298–99
Dudley, Barbara, 272
Dunbar, Roxanne, 129, 138, 151
Duniway, Abigail Scott, 344
Durbin, Karen, 198, 309
Dworkin, Andrea, 192, 193, 194
Eagle Forum, 91
Earnshaw, Doris, 22–23
East, Catherine, 74
Eastwood, Mary, 74
Economic Research and Action Project (ERAP), 110, 111–12, 116, 118
Edelsberg, Herman, 72
Educating Our Daughters (White), 41
education:
curricula and, 265–67
see also colleges and universities
Educational Equity Act, 90
Education Amendments, Title IX of, 89
EEOC, see Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
egalitarianism, 228–29, 232
Ehrenreich, Barbara, 18, 46, 51, 157, 175, 271, 327, 328
Eisenstein, Hester, 178–79
elitism, accusations of, 230–31, 233, 256
Ellison, Ralph, 284
English, Deirdre, 157, 193
Epstein, Barbara, 117
Equal Credit Opportunity Act, 90
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 72–74, 75, 80, 85, 91
sexual harassment and, 187
“Equality Between the Sexes: An Immodest Proposal” (Rossi), 76–77
Equal Pay Act, 68, 71
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), 27, 39, 66, 71, 82, 89, 237, 253, 264, 293, 332, 333, 339
Stop ERA and, 91, 293, 332
ERAP (Economic Research and Action Project), 110, 111–12, 116, 118
Erikson, Erik H., 76
Esquire, 63–64
Estrich, Susan, 184
Evans, Sara, 101, 115, 127
Evers, Medgar, 100
Falk, Candace, 254–55, 257, 258
Faludi, Susan, 334
family, 8–9, 11, 13, 19, 67, 314, 320, 330, 335, 336
television portrayals of, 321–22
women as moral guardians of, 328–29, 330, 334
see also housewives; marriage; motherhood
Farnham, Marya, 26
fashion, see clothing
FBI, 236, 237, 239–54, 257, 258, 259–60
Fear of Flying (Jong), 155–56
Felker, Clay, 210
Felstiner, Mary, 208
Female Eunuch, The (Greer), 154
Female Liberation, 86
feminine mystique, 4, 6, 20, 35–36, 55, 308, 335
women’s rejection of, 39, 40, 43, 45–46, 76, 77, 202, 203
Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 4, 5–8, 23, 37, 88, 324
feminism:
career women and, 308
consumer, 308–14, 328, 335
First Wave of, 27, 85, 266, 344
global, 340–44
identity and, 320–27
postfeminism, 274–76
proliferation of, 263, 267, 271–72
Second Wave of, 85, 274, 276–77, 330, 344; see also women’s movement
therapeutic, 314–20, 328, 335
Third Wave of, 276–77
as white women’s issue, 136–37
see also women’s movement
feminist(s):
rejection of label, 274–75
stereotypes of, 295–96
feminist mystique, 335
Feminists, The, 204, 233, 298
feminist utopian novels, 336
Ferraro, Barbara, 264–65
films, see movies
Finnbogadottir, Vigdis, 340
Firestone, Shulamith, 128, 129, 134, 150, 152
First Lesbian Feminist Conference, 169
First National Conference of Chicanas, 288–89
Flacks, Richard, 39
Fleeson, Doris, 65
Flexner, Eleanor, 33
flight attendants, 81, 205
Frankfort, Ellen, 150
Freedom of Information Act, 251
Freedom Summer, 100–101, 103–6, 108
Freeman, Jo (Joreen), 127, 128–29, 132–33, 227
Free Speech Movement, 115, 116
Freudian psychology, 17, 18, 149, 150
Friedan, Betty, 4–5, 17, 35, 36, 43, 51, 67, 71, 74, 75, 77, 78, 84, 92, 152, 264, 277
on ERA, 82
FBI and, 253
The Feminine Mystique, 4, 5–8, 23, 37, 88, 324
It Changed My Life, 88, 237
lesbians and, 83, 166, 259, 294
NOW and, 75, 78, 80, 81, 86–87, 92, 93
The Second Stage, 335
Steinem and, 216–17, 236, 237–38
on women’s liberation movement vs. NOW, 86–87
Friedan, Carl, 4
Friedman, Ruth, 28–29
frigidity, 16–17, 18, 150, 152
fugitives, 247, 248–49
Furies, The, 173, 174
Gage, Matilda, 343
Garcia, Inez, 182–83
Garman, Betty, 119
Garry, Charles, 183
gay men, 166
gender, 76–77
generation gap, 38–39, 43
Generation of Vipers (Wylie), 15
Gerson, Kathleen, 43–44
Giddings, Paula, 277
Gilder, George, 91
Gimbutas, Marija, 265
Ginsberg, Allen, 139
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 270–71
Giovanni, Nikki, 278
Girl I Left Behind, The (O’Reilly), 336
Gitlin, Todd, 117, 118, 140, 145
Glacken, Cythia, 264
Glick, Brian, 249, 251
global feminism, 340–44
Goddard College, 254
Golden Notebook, The (Lessing), 56
“Goodbye to All That” (Morgan), 139–40
Goodman, Andrew, 100
Goodman, Ellen, 323, 327
Goodman, Jan, 114
Gorney, Cynthia, 54
Gornick, Vivian, 198–99, 200
Graham, Richard, 74, 78
“Grand Coolie Damn, The” (Piercy), 138–39, 144
Green, Edith, 71
Greer, Germaine, 154–55, 302
Griffin, Susan, 39, 49, 57, 132, 136, 167, 181–82, 199–200, 207, 218–19
Griffiths, Martha, 71, 73, 74
Griffo, Micaela, 151
Groneman, Carol, 200
guilt-tripping, 230
gynecology, self-help, 176–77
Haber, A1, 122
Haber, Barbara, 117, 121, 122, 145, 172–73, 229–30, 231
Haener, Dorothy, 69
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 33, 101, 106
Handmaid’s Tale, The (Atwood), 336
Hanisch, Carol, 129, 135, 161, 196, 215, 235, 238, 335–36
Harper’s, 302
Harper’s Bazaar, 263
&nb
sp; Harrington, Michael, 95–96
Harrington, Stephanie, 237
Harris, La-neeta, 280–81
Harrison, Cynthia, 88
Harvey, Brett, 14
Hawley, Nancy, 129
Hayden, Sandra “Casey” (Casey Cason), 56–57, 98, 99, 102, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 117, 120
“A Kind of Memo” manifesto of, 112–14, 115, 121–22
Hayden, Tom, 98, 99, 110, 112, 120, 136, 145
health movement, 175–81
Heckler, Margaret, 291
Hefner, Hugh, 47, 51, 162, 163
Height, Dorothy, 33
Heilbrun, Carolyn, 209, 210, 238–39
Helms, Jesse, 91
Heritage Foundation, 91
Hernandez, Aileen, 33, 78, 282
Hess, Elizabeth, 18
Hill, Anita, 187–88
hippie counterculture, 124–26, 161
history, women’s, 205, 206, 266–67
Hite Report, The (Hite), 157
Ho, Mary Louise, 213–14
Hoagland, Sara Lucia, 171
Hochschild, Arlie, 333
Hoffman, Abbie, 136
Hollander, Nanci, 117, 123, 124
Hollibaugh, Amber, 193
Holmes, Sherrie, 269
Holtzman, Elizabeth, 264
homosexuality, 166, 169
see also lesbians, lesbianism
Hoover, J. Edgar, 13, 241, 243, 244, 245–46
Horn, Joshua, 178
Hot Flashes (Raskin), 45
housewives, 3, 4–8, 11, 25, 35–36, 39, 41, 46, 337
abortion rights and, 331
displaced homemakers, 272, 273
Ms. and, 212
professionalization of, 14
Total Woman and, 319
trashing and, 230, 234–35
see also family; marriage; motherhood
housework, 25, 222, 320, 333
Howe, Bernice, 312
Howl (Ginsberg), 139
How to Be an Assertive Woman (Baer), 317
Huerta, Dolores, 287
Hull, Gloria, 284
human potential movement, 314, 315, 319, 329–30
humor, 220–23
Hurley, Martha, 216
Hussey, Patricia, 265
Hyde Amendment, 159, 331
Ideal Marriage: Its Physiology and Technique (Van de Velde), 16
Ideas of the Woman’s Suffrage Movement (Kraditor), 34
identity, 123, 140, 316, 320–27
“If Men Could Menstruate” (Steinem), 222–23
“If That’s All There Is” (Martin), 166
incest, 185, 188, 195
Independent Research Service, 235
intellectualism, 231
International Women’s Day, 137, 206
International Women’s Year (IWY), 291–94, 340
Isserman, Maurice, 118
It Changed My Life (Friedan), 88, 237
Jacobs, Gloria, 18
Jane (The Service), 54
Jeanette Rankin Brigade, 130, 201–3
Jeffrey, Sharon, 111, 119, 122–23
John XXIII, Pope, 264
Johnson, Joyce, 49–50
Johnson, Lady Bird, 72
Johnson, Lyndon B., 73, 75, 81, 115, 304
Johnston, Jill, 173
Jong, Erica, 155–56, 234–35, 263
Joreen (Jo Freeman), 127, 128–29, 132–33, 227
journalists, 296–300, 303
see also media
Kelly, Joan, 267
Keniston, Kenneth, 39
Kennedy, Florynce, 148, 190, 200–201, 217, 230, 282
Kennedy, John R, 64, 65–66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 96, 341
Kerouac, Jack, 48, 49, 50
Khrushchev, Nikita, 10–11, 95
“Kind of Memo, A” (Hayden and King), 112–14, 115, 121–22
King, Billie Jean, 293, 301–2
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 124, 128
King, Mary, 56–57, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 107, 108–9
“A Kind of Memo” and, 112, 113, 114
SNCC Position Paper of, 107–8
King, Nancy, 214
Kinsey, Alfred, 17, 149, 157
Koedt, Anne, 150, 150, 197
Kopkind, Andrew, 111
KPFA, 206–7
Kraditor, Aileen, 34
Kramer vs. Kramer, 323–26
Kunstler, William, 183
Kushner, Rose, 179
labor, 26, 30, 68, 82, 87, 240, 287
ERA and, 66
Ladies’ Home Journal (LHJ), 9, 36, 300–301, 309–10
“Lady and the Mill Girl, The” (Lerner), 33
Langer, Elinor, 116
La Rue, Linda, 279
Lasch, Christopher, 328, 330
Lauber, Lynn, 45
Laura X (Laura Murra), 132–33, 150, 183–84, 198, 206, 223
Lear, Martha, 85
Left, 28, 30, 33–34, 59, 95, 124, 161, 258
FBI and, 243
New, see New Left
Old, 95, 110, 117, 122, 131
vanguardism and, 167
violence and, 136, 140, 145
see also Communism; political activism
Lerner, Gerda, 5–6, 33, 267
Lesbian Nation: The Feminist Solution (Johnston), 173
lesbians, lesbianism, 83, 164–75, 230, 283, 294
butch-femme relationships, 165, 172
Chicana, 290
feminist vs. working-class, 172
nouveau, 170
as political choice, 167–70, 171, 172–74, 194
pornography and, 193–94
split between straight women and, 171–74, 193, 253, 259
women’s culture and, 174–75
Lessing, Doris, 56, 102
“Letter to Dear Sisters” (Griffo), 151
liberalism, 77–78, 87, 88, 94
see also Left
Liberation, 114
Liberation News Service, 146–47
Life, 14, 25, 34–35, 38, 41
Lindsey, Karen, 145–46
Little, Joanne, 183
Longauex y Vasquez, Enriqueta, 287–88
Loose Change (Davidson), 149
Lorde, Audre, 265
Los Angeles Times, 251
Lou Grant, 322
Lovelace, Linda, 192
Love Without Fear (Chesser), 16
Luiz, Pat, 212
Luker, Kristin, 331
Lundberg, Ferdinand, 26
Lydon, Susan, 149
Lynd, Staunton, 103–4
Lysistrata Day, 207–8
McAllister, Marion, 305–6
McCall’s, 11, 35, 301
McCarthy, Joseph, 5, 10, 12, 95
McEldowney, Carol, 111, 118–19, 122–23
McGinnis, Patricia, 54
MacGregor, Molly, 267
“Macho Attitudes” (Nieto), 288
McKiel, Robin, 214
MacKinnon, Catharine, 187, 192, 193, 194
magazines, 298–99, 300–301, 308–13
advertising in, 311–12
human potential movement and, 316
Mailer, Norman, 154, 302
Mainardi, Pat, 197, 222
Malcolm X, 132–33
Mandel, Phyllis, 206
Mannes, Marya, 137
marriage, 8–9, 13, 42–43, 120, 204, 281, 298, 307–8, 314–15, 319–20, 337
bridal fairs and, 204–5
courtship and, 16
divorce and, 9, 13, 120, 272, 273–74, 314–15, 337
guilt-tripping and, 230
sexuality and, 15–19, 55
see also family; housewives; motherhood
M*A*S*H, 322
Massengill, 311
Martin, Del, 166
Mary Tyler Moore Show, The, 321, 322
Maude, 321
May, Elaine, 11
Mead, Margaret, 27, 67
media, 206–7, 295–308, 328, 333, 334–35
magazines, see magazines
newspapers, 296, 298, 302–8
medicine, alternative, 178
Memoirs of a Beatnik (Di Prima), 49
Memoirs of an Ex-Prom Queen (Shulman), 148–49
men:
dissenting, 47–48
fifties roles of, 19
gay, 166
housework and, 25, 222
menstrual extraction, 177
Mexican-Americans, 285–90
middle class, 20–21, 281, 337, 339
class-baiting and, 230
feminists as belonging to, 46–47, 68–69, 81, 276–77
growth of, 12
women of, as moral guardians, 328–29, 330, 334
Millard, Betty, 31
Miller, Emma Guffey, 65
Miller, Henry, 153–54
Millett, Kate, 153–54, 156, 168, 189–90, 191, 301, 302
Mills, C. Wright, 95
Miner, Valerie, 170
Mink, Patsy, 291
minority women, 136–37, 180, 276–91
beauty standards and, 164, 281
black, see black women
Chicana, 137, 285–90
Native American, 137, 290–91
Miss America Pageant, 159–60, 161, 201, 203
Modern Mothers’ Dilemma, The (Gruenberg and Krech), 25
Modern Woman, The: The Lost Sex (Lundberg and Farnham), 26
Moraga, Cherrie, 290
Morgan, Marabel, 317–19, 320
Morgan, Robin, 136, 139–40, 148, 159–60, 161, 167, 169–70, 191, 205, 230, 234, 252, 263, 271–72, 343
Morrison, Toni, 277–78, 285
Moses, Bob, 100, 102
motherhood, 14–15, 27, 42–43, 55, 67, 307–8, 337
childbearing and childrearing, 13, 22, 42–43, 79, 123, 152, 178, 319
mixed messages from mothers to daughters about, 43–44
NOW’s statement and, 79
trashing and, 230, 234–35
women’s rejection of, 37–38, 39–40, 43–46
work and, 21, 24, 26, 320, 330, 333; see also child care; working women
see also family; housewives; marriage
Mount, Tanya Luna, 286–87
movement, the, 94–96, 140, 161
see also New Left; political activism
movies, 320, 322–27
Kramer vs. Kramer, 323–26
An Unmarried Woman, 323, 326–27
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 278–79
Ms., 162, 210–17, 221, 236, 237–38, 258, 282, 283
Ms., use of word, 215
Ms. Foundation, 255–56
Munaker, Sue, 129
Murphy, Sarah, 120–21
Murra, Laura (Laura X), 132–33, 150, 183–84, 198, 206, 223
Murray, Pauli, 33, 66, 69, 70, 71–72, 74
music, 223–24
“Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm, The” (Koedt), 150, 197
NAACP, 69
National Airlines, 205
National Black Feminist Organization (NBFO), 282–83
National Conference for New Politics (NCNP), 127, 128–29
National Conservative Political Action Committee (NCPAC), 91
National Mobilization Committee, 134
National Organization for Women (NOW), 69, 78–88, 89, 205, 269, 282, 298, 333
Bill of Rights proposed by, 82