The World Split Open
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early rifts in, 81–83
FBI and, 246, 253
founding of, 75, 78–79
lesbians and, 166
New York Times parody published by, 220–21
public demonstrations by, 83–84
resources lacked by, 80
women’s strike of, 92–93
younger women’s movement vs., 84–88
National Student Association, 237
National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO), 282
National Woman’s Party (NWP), 27, 66, 71
National Women’s Conference, 291–94, 295
National Women’s Employment Project (NWEP), 269–70
National Women’s Health Network, 180
National Women’s History Month, 266–67
National Women’s Political Caucus (NWPC), 89
National Women’s Republican Club, 250
Native Americans, 137, 290–91
NBFO (National Black Feminist Organization), 282–83
NCNP (National Conference for New Politics), 127, 128–29
NCPAC (National Conservative Political Action Committee), 91
Near, Holly, 223, 224
Newcomer, Mabel, 41
New Left, 29, 95–96, 106, 116–17, 118, 121, 124, 127, 131, 199, 277
culture of, 161
FBI and, 240, 241, 250
NCNP and, 127, 128–29
ridiculing of women in, 95, 131, 133–35
splintering of, 96, 128, 135–36, 145
women’s rejection of, 95, 133–40, 258
see also Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; Students for a Democratic Society
“New Left, The” (Mills), 95
New Left Notes, 127
Newman, Pamela, 282
New Masses, 31
New Republic, 73
newspapers, 296, 298, 302–3, 308
“first woman” stories in, 303–8, 333
Newsweek, 207, 238, 298–99, 339–40
Newton, Huey P., 133
New Woman, 313
New York Post, 65
New York Radical Feminists, 149, 182, 201–2
New York Radical Women, 150, 159
New York Times, 38, 64, 67, 72, 80, 160, 178, 303, 305, 307, 338
parody of, 220–21
New York Times Book Review, 237
New York Times Magazine, 85, 227, 275
New York Woman, 312
Nieto, Nancy, 288
Nin, Anaïs, 224
Nine to Five, 269
Nixon, Richard M, 10–11, 64, 90–91, 124, 134, 250
Norling, Jane, 225
Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 278
Notes from the First Year, 150
“Notes of a Radical Lesbian” (Shelley), 167
No Turning Back (Ferraro and Hussey), 264–65
Novicki, Stella, 39
NOW, see National Organization for Women
nuclear weapons, 58–59
Nussbaum, Karen, 269, 270
NWEP (National Women’s Employment Project), 269–70
NWP (National Woman’s Party), 27, 66, 71
NWPC (National Women’s Political Caucus), 89
NWRO (National Welfare Rights Organization), 282
O’Connor, Maria, 23–24
Off Our Backs, 173, 243, 249, 253
Ogle-In, 204
Older Women’s League (OWL), 272–73, 274
Older Women’s Liberation (OWL), 272
“On Celibacy” (Densmore), 151
Only Words (MacKinnon), 192
On the Road (Kerouac), 48
O’Reilly, Jane, 336
orgasm, 16–17, 18, 318
faked, 148–51, 152, 157
two kinds of, 149, 150
Other America, The (Harrington), 95–96
Our Bodies, Ourselves, 129, 176, 178, 180–81, 197
Overholser, Geneva, 274
Packwood, Bob, 188
Paget, Karen, 237
paranoia, 239, 252–60
Parents without Partners, 9
parodies, 220–21
Paul, Alice, 66
peace, 58–59, 99
see also antiwar movement
Pearce, Diana, 337
People’s Park, 136
Pepper, William, 129
Perkins, Frances, 27
“personal is political, the,” 196–97
Peslikis, Irene, 46, 134, 200
Peters, Joan, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259
Peterson, Esther, 65–66, 67, 74
Piercy, Marge, 138–39, 144
Pill, the, 52, 55, 147, 157, 176, 280
Plaskow, Judith, 265
Playboy, 47, 162–63
Playgirl, 157
poetry readings, 218–20
Pogrebin, Letty Cottin, 247, 251, 259, 309
political activism, 27–34, 58–59, 87, 94–95, 124
antiwar, see antiwar movement
black women and, 32–33, 136–37, 147
civil rights, see civil rights movement
hippie counterculture and, 125–26
see also Left; New Left
political demonstrations, feminist, 201–8, 300
politics:
gender gap in, 339
women’s involvement in, 64–65
“Politics of Housework, The” (Mainardi), 197, 222
“Politics of Orgasm, The” (Lydon), 149
Politics of Rape, The (Russell), 183
polls, 337–38
pornography, 153, 162, 188, 191–94, 195
“Pornography and Pleasure” (Webster), 194
poster art, 225–26
postfeminism, 274–76
poverty, 337, 339
Power of the Positive Woman, The (Schlafly), 332
pregnancy, 178
Presidential Commission on the Status of Women, 64, 66–70, 74, 267, 341
Pressman, Sonia, 74
Price, Margaret, 65
Prisoner of Sex, The (Mailer), 154, 302
prostitution, 188–91, 195 Prostitution Papers, The (Millett), 189
“Psychology Constructs the Female” (Weisstein), 197
Quaytman, Alice, 26, 29–30, 31–32
Quindlen, Anna, 37
racism, 278, 279, 284
see also civil rights movement; minority women
Radicalesbians, 167–68, 169
radio stations, 205, 206–7
Ramparts, 118, 130, 131–32, 140, 181, 199, 236, 237
Randall, Margaret, 138
Randolph, Jennings, 296
Rankin, Jeanette, 131
rape, 31, 181–85, 188, 191, 195
black women and, 185
date, 184, 188
marital, 183–84
“Rape: The All-American Crime” (Griffin), 181–82
Rapp, Rayna, 131
Raskin, Barbara, 45, 114
Rat, 139, 234
Reagan, Ronald, 91, 194, 294, 339
Reagon, Bernice Johnson, 224
Real Rape (Estrich), 184
Reasoner, Harry, 211
Redstockings, 209, 216, 235, 236–37, 238–39, 255–56, 298
religion, 264–65
Re-Making Love (Ehrenreich), 51
reproductive rights, 180
see also abortion
Reuben, David, 318
Rich, Adrienne, 13, 175
Richtman, Bea, 31
Ride, Sally, 306
Rideout, John, 184
Riesman, David, vii
Riggs, Bobby, 301–2
Right, 91, 194, 293, 294, 330, 331, 332–33, 335, 336, 339
Robinson, Jo Ann, 101
Rodriguez-Trias, Helen, 180
Roe v. Wade, 89, 91, 158–59, 331
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 63, 66, 298
Rossi, Alice, 75, 76–77
Rothstein, Vivian, 116, 138, 228
Rowbotham, Sheila, 109
Rubin, Gayle, 193
Rubin, Jerry, 136
Ruether, Rosemary Radford, 265
&n
bsp; Ruiz, Vicki, 288, 289
Rukeyser, Muriel, 344
Rupp, Leila, 27
Russell, Diana, 183
Sagaris, 254–57, 258–59
St. James, Margo, 191, 252
Sanders, Marlene, 299–300
SANE (Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy), 59
San Francisco Chronicle, 206
San Francisco Review of Sex, 162
Sarachild, Kathie (Kathie Amatniek), 129, 133, 196–97, 202, 209, 235, 238
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 56, 57
Saturday Evening Post, 64
Scenes from a Marriage, 323
Scheer, Anne (Anne Weills), 118, 130–32, 250
Scheer, Robert, 118, 130
Schissler, Ruth, 214
Schlafly, Phyllis, 39–40, 91, 293, 332, 333
Schlecting, Lucille, 312
scholarship, feminist, 266
schools:
curricula of, 265–67
see also colleges and universities
Schwerner, Michael, 100
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), 97
Scott, Patricia Bell, 284
Screen Actors Guild, 207
SDS, see Students for a Democratic Society
Seaman, Barbara, 179
Second Congress to Unite Women, 167
“Second Feminist Wave, The” (Lear), 85
Second Sex, The (Beauvoir), 56–58, 107
Second Stage, The (Friedan), 335
Service, The, 54
Sevareid, Eric, 296–97
Sex and the Single Girl (Brown), 51, 319
sex radicals, 194
Sexton, Anne, 3
sexual abuse, 185
sexual harassment, 23–24, 186–88, 195
Sexual Harassment of Working Women, The (MacKinnon), 187
sexuality, 15–19, 51–55, 86, 143–95
abortion and, see abortion
beauty pageants and, 159–60, 161, 201, 203
beauty standards and, 159, 160–61, 163–64
celibacy and, 151
compulsory heterosexuality, 175
consumer culture and, 329
contraception and, see contraception
discussions of, 148–57
lesbian, 164–75
orgasm, see orgasm
rape and, see rape
sexual revolution, 18, 51, 55, 96, 143–47, 150, 151, 152, 154, 157, 164, 191, 194, 195, 318
sex workers and, 188–89, 194
singles subculture and, 51–52, 314
and women’s health movement, 175–81
“Sexual Liberation: The Shortest Revolution” (English and Ehrenreich), 157
Sexual Politics (Millett), 153–54, 156
“Sexual Revolution Is No Joke for Women, The” (Lindsey), 146
Sexual Suicide (Gilder), 91
Sexus (Miller), 153–54
sex workers, 188–89, 194
SHA (Society for Humane Abortion), 54
Shakur, Assata, 44
Shelley, Martha, 167
Sherfey, Mary, 149
Sherman, Susan, 254, 256
Shields, Barbara, 310–11
Shields, Laurie, 272–73
Shulman, Alix Kates, 44, 148–49, 189, 234, 256–57, 258–59
Shuster, Estelle, 22
Silber, John, 315
singles subculture, 51–52, 314
Sloan, Margaret, 282–83
Smith, Barbara, 284
Smith, Howard K., 296
Smith, “Judge” Howard, 71
Smith, Ruby Doris, 101
SNCC, see Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Snitow, Ann, 193, 201, 232
Society for Humane Abortion (SHA), 54
Solanas, Valerie, 85
Sommers, Tish, 272–73
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 97
Soviet Union, 9–11, 12, 24, 42, 90–91, 95
SPASZM, 132
spirituality, 265
Spock, Benjamin, 14–15, 128
Spretnak, Charlene, 265
Stanley, Julia Penelope, 164–65
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 273
Steinbach, Sala, 119
Steinem, Gloria, 208–10, 216–17, 233, 301
Alpert and, 257–58
CIA accusations against, 235–39, 255–56, 257
Friedan and, 216–17, 236, 237–38
“If Men Could Menstruate,” 222–23
Ms., 162, 210–17, 221, 236, 237–38
Stembridge, Jane, 102
sterilization, 180
Stevenson, Adlai, 41
Stolberg, Sheryl Gay, 178
Stone, I. F., 134–35
Stone, Lucy, 226
Stone, Merlin, 265
Stop ERA, 91, 293, 332
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 96–110, 112, 113, 117
conflicts in, 106–10
Freedom Summer project of, 100–101, 103–6, 108
King’s “SNCC Position Paper” and, 107–8
sexual revolution and, 145
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 96, 98, 99, 110–12, 115–24, 129, 136, 248, 250
Economic Research and Action Project of, 110, 111–12, 116, 118
rethinking conference of, 121–24
sexual revolution and, 145–46
splintering of, 96
women’s liberation and, 126–27, 135, 140
subcultures:
hippie, 124–26, 161
singles, 51–52, 314
suburbs, 9
suffrage movement, 27, 33, 66, 71, 85, 92, 343, 344
Super Self: A Woman’s Guide to Self-Management (Tennov), 316
superwoman, 295, 296, 304–5, 320, 327–28, 330, 337
Sutherland, Elizabeth, 114
Sweet Honey in the Rock, 224
Swerdlow, Amy, 203
Syfers, Judy, 210, 221–22
“Take Back the Night” marches, 184–85, 192
“Talking Sex” (Rubin, Hollibaugh, and English), 193
Taub, Nadine, 187
Tax, Meredith, 84, 229
Taylor, Ella, 320, 321
television, 296–97, 299–300, 302, 320–22
Tender Trap, The, 13
Tennov, Dorothy, 316
“that chick is SO REVOLUTIONARY,” (Alta), 219–20
therapeutic feminism, 314–20, 328, 335
Third Wave, The, 276
Third Wave Agenda, The, 276
This Bridge Called My Back (Moraga and Anzaldua, eds.), 290
Thomas, Clarence, 187–88
Thomas, Helen, 90
Thompson, Dorothy, 27, 36
Thrasher, Sue, 116–17, 127
Tiburzi, Bonnie, 306
Tillinghast, Muriel, 109
Tilman, Johnnie, 210
Time, 303, 338
Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, 71–73, 75, 81
Title IX of the Education Amendments, 89
Toll, Beverly, 171
Tooth and Nail, 162
torch relay, 292–93
Total Woman (Morgan), 317–19
“To the Women of the Left,” 129
trashing, 227–39, 252, 259
of Steinem, 235–39, 255–56
“Tyranny of Structurelessness, The” (Freeman), 227–28
UE Fights for Women Workers (Friedan), 5
unions, see labor
Union WAGE (Women’s Alliance to Gain Equality), 248, 268–69
United Auto Workers (U AW), 68, 69, 80, 82
United Farm Workers (UFW), 287
United Nations, 340–42
World Conferences on Women, 184, 340–341, 342
universities, see colleges and universities
Unmarried Woman, An, 323, 326–27
Vaginal Politics (Frankfort), 150
Van de Velde, Th. H., 16
vanguard, 167
lesbians as, 167, 168, 169–70, 173, 230
Varela, Maria, 286
Vietnamese Women:
Three Portraits, 137
Vietnam War:
movement against, see antiwar movement
women’s liberation and, 137–38
Viguerie, Richard, 91, 332–33
violence, 184
domestic, 185–86, 188, 195
human rights organizations and, 341
Left’s romanticization of, 136, 140, 145
see also rape
Virginia Slims, 311
Voice of Women’s Liberation, The, 132
“Voices of the Post-Feminist Generation” (Bolotin), 275
Voices of the Women’s Liberation Movement, 201
WAC (Women’s Action Coalition), 276
Walker, Alice, 265, 284, 285
Walker, Rebecca, 276
Wallace, Michelle, 282, 283, 284
Wall Street, 204
Wall Street Journal, 73
War at Home, The (Glick), 251
Ware, Celestine, 279
Washington, Cynthia, 105, 106, 109
Washington Post, 64, 80, 92, 238
Way We Were, The, 323
WEAL (Women’s Equity Action League), 83, 89
Weather Underground, 96, 136, 248–49, 257
Webb, Lee, 130
Webb, Marilyn Salzman, 111, 118, 120, 127, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 231, 253–54, 256, 257, 258
Weber, Devra, 125–26
Webster, Paula, 194
Weideger, Paula, 37–38
Weills, Anne (Anne Scheer), 118, 130–32, 250
Weisstein, Naomi, 45–46, 127, 140, 163, 172, 197, 198, 214, 223, 232, 263
welfare, 210, 282, 339
“Welfare Is a Woman’s Issue” (Tilman), 210
Werner, Mindy, 275–76
Weyrich, Paul, 91
“When Sisterhood Turns Sour” (Curtis), 227
White, Lynn, 40–41
White Girls (Lauber), 45
White Panther Party, 145
“Why I Want a Wife” (Syfers), 210, 221–22
WIDF (Women’s International Democratic Federation), 28
Willard, Emma, 247
Williams, Delores S., 265
Williams, Jean, 32–33
Williams, Maxine, 279, 281
Willis, Ellen, 134, 135, 139, 193, 199, 215
Wilson, Bob, 183
Wilson, Stella, 307–8
WITCH (Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell), 204, 205, 246, 298
Witt, Shirley Hill, 291
Wolf, Naomi, 276
“Woman-Identified Woman,” 167–68
Woman Power: The Movement for Women’s Liberation (Ware), 279–80
Women and Madness (Chesler), 179
“Women Rap About Sex” (Firestone), 150
Women’s Action Coalition (WAC), 276
women’s culture, 217–26
art, 224–26
humor, 220–23
lesbians and, 174–75
music, 223–24
poetry, 218–20
Women’s Equity Action League (WEAL), 83, 89
Women’s Health Conference, 176
Women’s Herstory Library, 133
women’s history, 205, 206, 266–67
Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF), 28
Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, 27