Crisis and Command: A History of Executive Power from George Washington to George W. Bush

by John Yoo

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  Yoo, John. The Powers of War and Peace: The Constitution and Foreign Affairs after 9/11 (2005).

  Yoo, John. War by Other Means: An Insider's Account of the War on Terror (2006).

  JOURNALS

  Alexander, Larry & Saikrishna B. Prakash. Reports of the Nondelegation Doctrine's Death are Greatly Exaggerated, 70 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1297 (2003).

  Amar, Akhil R. The Consent of the Governed: Constitutional Amendment Outside Article V, 94 Colum. L. Rev. 457 (1994).

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  Borchard, Edwin. The Attorney General's Opinion on the Exchange of Destroyers for

  Naval Bases, 34 Am J Int'l L 690 (1940).

  Bradley, Curtis & Martin Flaherty. Executive Power Essentialism and Foreign Affairs, 102 Mich. L. Rev. 545 (2004).

  Calabresi, Steven G. & Christopher S. Yoo. The Unitary Executive During the First Half-Century, 47 Case W. Res. L. Rev. 1451 (1997).

  Calabresi, Steven G. & Saikrishna B. Prakash. The President's Power to Execute the Laws, 104 Yale L.J. 541 (1994).

  Carter, Stephen. The Confirmation Mess, 101 Harv. L. Rev. 1185 (1988).

  Croley, Steven. White House Review of Agency Rulemaking: An Empirical Investigation, 70 U. Chi. L. Rev. 821 (2003).

  Currie, David. Rumors of War: Presidential and Congressional War Powers, 67 U. Chi.

  L. Rev. 1 (2000).

  Danelski, David. The Saboteurs' Case, 1 J. S. Ct. Hist. 61 (1996).

  Delahunty, Robert J. & John Yoo. Making War, 93 Cornell L. Rev. 123 (2007).

  DeMuth, Christopher C. & Douglas H. Ginsburg. White House Review of Agency

  Decisionmaking, 99 Harv. L. Rev. 1075 (1986).

  Downey, Arthur T. The Conflict between the Chief Justice and the Chief Executive:

  Ex Parte Merryman, 31 J. S. Ct. Hist. 262 (2006).

  Easterbrook, Frank H. Presidential Review, 40 Case W. Res. L. Rev. 905 (1990).

  Estes, Todd. The Art of Presidential Leadership: George Washington and the Jay

  Treaty, 109 Va. Mag. Hist. 127 (2001).

  Fellmeth, Aaron X. A Divorce Waiting to Happen: Franklin Roosevelt and the Law of

  Neutrality, 1935-1941, 3 Buff. J. Int'l L. 414 (1996-97).

  Frickey, Philip. Marshalling Past and Present: Colonialism, Constitutionalism, and Interpretation in Federal Indian Law, 107 Harv. L. Rev. 381 (1993).

  Gormley, Ken. An Original Model of the Independent Counsel Statute, 97 Mich. L. Rev. 601 (1999).

  Hobson, Charles F. The Negative on State Laws: James Madison, the Constitution, and the Crisis of Republican Government, 36 Wm. & Mary Q. 215 (1979).

  Jay, Stewart. Origins of Federal Common Law: Part One, 133 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1003 (1985).

  Kagan, Elena. Presidential Administration, 114 Harv. L. Rev. 2245 (2001).

  Karl, Barry D. Constitution and Central Planning: The Third New Deal Revisited, 1988 S. Ct. Rev. 163.

  Kelley, William K. The Constitutional Dilemma of Litigation under the Independent

  Counsel System, 83 Minn. L. Rev. 1197 (1999).

  Kesavan, Vasan & Michael S. Paulsen. Let's Mess With Texas, 82 Tex. L. Rev. 1587 (2004).

  Kosma, Montgomery. Our First Real War, 2 Green Bag 2d 169 (1999).

  Krent, Harold J. Executive Control over Criminal Law Enforcement, 38 Am. U. L. Rev. 275 (1989).

  Kutler, Stanley I. Ex Parte McCardle: Judicial Impotency?: The Supreme Court and

  Reconstruction Reconsidered, 72 Am. Hist. Rev. 835 (1967).

  Lawson, Gary. Delegation and Original Meaning, 88 Va. L. Rev. 327 (2002).

  Lawson, Gary & Christopher D. Moore. The Executive Power of Constitutional Interpretation, 81 Iowa L. Rev. 1267 (1996).

  Lessig, Lawrence & Cass R. Sunstein. The President and the Administration, 94

  Colum. L. Rev. 1 (1994).

  Levitan, David M. The Foreign Relations Power: An Analysis of Mr. Justice Sutherland's Theory, 55 Yale L.J. 467 (1946).

  Lofgren, Charles A. United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.: An Historical Reassessment, 83 Yale L.J. 1 (1973).

  Mashaw, Jerry. Recovering American Administrative Law: Federalist Foundations, 1787-1801, 115 Yale L.J. 1256 (2006). May, Christopher N. Presidential Defiance of "Unconstitutional" Laws: Reviving the

  Royal Prerogative, 21 Hastings Const. L.Q. 865 (1994).

  McGinnis, John O. The President, the Senate, the Constitution, and the Confirmation

  Process: A Reply to Professors Strauss and Sunstein, 71 Tex. L. Rev. 633 (1993).

  Monaghan, Henry. The Confirmation Proces
s: Law or Politics?, 101 Harv. L. Rev. 1202 (1988).

  Morrison, Alan B. OMB Interference with Agency Rulemaking: The Wrong Way to

  Write a Regulation, 99 Harv. L. Rev. 1059 (1986).

  Nagel, Robert F. Advice, Consent, and Influence, 84 Nw. U. L. Rev. 858 (1990).

  O'Sullivan, Julie. The Independent Counsel Statute: Bad Law, Bad Policy, 33 Am.

  Crim. L. Rev. 463 (1996).

  Paul, Joel R. The Geopolitical Constitution: Executive Expediency and Executive

  Agreements, 86 Cal. L. Rev. 671 (1998).

  Paulsen, Michael S. The Most Dangerous Branch: Executive Power to Say What the

  Law Is, 83 Geo. L.J. 217 (1994).

  Paulsen, Michael S. Nixon Now: The Courts and the Presidency After Twenty-Five

  Years, 83 Minn. L. Rev. 1337 (1999).

  Paulsen, Michael S. Review: The Civil War as Constitutional Interpretation, 71 U. Chi.

  L. Rev. 691 (2004).

  Pildes, Richard H. & Cass R. Sunstein. Reinventing the Regulatory State, 62 U. Chi.

  L. Rev. 1 (1995).

  Posner, Eric & Adrian Vermeide. Interring the Nondelegation Doctrine, 69 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1721 (2002).

  Prakash, Saikrishna B. New Light on the Decision of 1789, 91 Cornell L. Rev. 1021 (2006).

  Prakash, Saikrishna B. Removal and Tenure in Office, 92 Va. L. Rev. 1779 (2006).

  Prakash, Saikrishna B. Unleashing the Dogs of War: What the Constitution Means by

  "Declare War," 93 Cornell L. Rev. 45 (2007).

  Prakash, Saikrishna B. & John Yoo. Against Interpretational Supremacy, 103 Mich. L.

  Rev. 1539 (2005).

  Prakash, Saikrishna B. & John Yoo. The Origins of Judicial Review, 70 U. Chi. L. Rev. 887 (2003).

  Prakash, Saikrishna B. & Michael Ramsey. The Executive Power over Foreign Affairs, 111 Yale L.J. 231 (2001).

  Rakove, Jack N. Solving a Constitutional Puzzle: The Treatymaking Clause as a Case Study, 1 Persp. Am. Hist. 233 (1984).

  Ramsey, Michael. Executive Agreements and the (Non)Treaty Power, 77 N.C. L. Rev. 133 (1998).

  Ramsey, Michael. Textualism and War Powers, 69 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1543 (2002).

  Rappaport, Michael. The Unconstitutionality of "Signing and Not Enforcing," 16 Wm.

  & Mary Bill of Rights J. 113 (2007).

  Rehnquist, William H. The Constitutional Issues --Administration Position, 45 N.Y.U.

  L. Rev. 628 (1970).

  Rowe, Gary D. The Sound of Silence: United States v. Hudson & Goodwin, The Jeffersonian Ascendancy, and the Abolition of Federal Common Law Crimes, 101 Yale L.J. 919 (1992).

  Schmitt, Gary. Jefferson and Executive Power: Revisionism and the "Revolution of

  1800," 17 Publius 7 (1987).

  Siemers, David J. Theories About Theory: Theory-Based Claims about Presidential

  Performance from the Case of James Madison, 38 Pres. Studies Q. 78 (2007).

  Sofaer, Abraham D. Executive Privilege: An Historical Note, 75 Colum. L. Rev. 1318 (1975).

  Stampp, Kenneth M. The Milligan Case and the Election of 1864 in Indiana, 31 Miss.

  Valley Hist. Rev. 41 (1944).

  Stern, Robert. The Commerce Clause and the National Economy, 1933-1946, 59 Harv.

  L. Rev. 645 (1946).

  Strauss, David A. Common Law Constitutional Interpretation, 63 U. Chi. L. Rev. 877 (1996).

  Strauss David A. & Cass R. Sunstein. The Senate, the Constitution, and the Confirmation Process, 101 Yale L.J. 1491 (1992).

  Turner, Robert. Truman, Korea, and the Constitution: Debunking the "Imperial President" Myth, 19 Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol'y 533 (1996).

  Van Alstyne, William W. A Critical Guide to Ex Parte McCardle, 15 Ariz. L. Rev. 229 (1973).

  Vladeck, Stephen I. Emergency Power and the Militia Acts, 114 Yale L.J. 149 (2004).

  Yoo, Christopher, Steven Calabresi & Anthony Colangelo. The Unitary Executive in

  the Modern Era, 90 Iowa L. Rev. 601 (2005).

  Yoo, Christopher, Steven Calabresi & Laurence Nee. The Unitary Executive During the Third Half-Century, 1889-1945, 80 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1 (2004).

  Yoo, John C. Choosing Justices: A Political Appointments Process and the Wages of Judicial Supremacy, 98 Mich. L. Rev. 1436 (2000).

  Yoo, John C. Globalization and the Constitution, 99 Colum. L. Rev. 1955 (1999).

  Yoo, John C. The Judicial Safeguards of Federalism, 70 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1311 (1997).

  Yoo, John C. Kosovo, War Powers, and the Multilateral Future, 148 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1673 (2000).

  Yoo, John C. Politics as Laws?: The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, the Separation of

  Powers, and Treaty Interpretation, 89 Cal. L. Rev. 851 (2001).

  Yoo, John C. War and the Constitutional Text, 69 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1639 (2002).

  CASES

  Adair v. United States, 208 U.S. 161 (1908).

  Adkins v. Children's Hospital, 261 U.S. 525 (1923).

  American Insurance Association v. Garamendi, 539 U.S. 396 (2003).

  Associated Press v. NLRB, 301 U.S. 103 (1937).

  Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co., 259 U.S. 20 (1922).

  Boumediene v. Bush, 128 S. Ct. 2229 (2008).

  Bowsher v. Synar, 478 U.S. 714, 722 (1986).

  Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).

  Brown v. Board of Education II, 349 U.S. 294 (1955).

  City of Boerne v. Flores, 521 U.S. 507 (1997).

  Crockett v. Reagan, 720 F.2d 1355 (D.C. Cir. 1983).

  Dames & Moore v. Regan, 453 U.S. 654 (1981).

  Ex Parte Endo, 323 U.S. 283 (1944).

  Ex Parte McCardle, 74 U.S. (7 Wall.) 506 (1868).

  Ford v. Surget, 97 U.S. 594 (1878).

  Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918).

  Helvering v. Davis, 301 U.S. 619 (1937).

  Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell, 290 U.S. 398 (1934).

  Humphrey's Executor v. United States, 295 U.S. 602 (1935).

  INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983).

  Johnson v. M'Intosh, 21 U.S. (8 Wheat.) 543 (1823).

  Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905).

  Lowry v. Reagan, 676 F.Supp. 333 (D.D.C. 1987).

  Ludecke v. Watkins, 335 U.S. 160 (1948).

  Luther v. Borden, 48 U.S. 1 (1849).

  McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 316 (1819).

  Miller v. United States 78 U.S. 268 (1870).

  Mistretta v. United States, 488 U.S. 361 (1989).

  Morgan v. TVA, 28 F. Supp. 732 (E.D. Tenn. 1939).

  Morrison v. Olson, 529 U.S. 654 (1988).

  Moyer v. Peabody, 212 U.S. 78 (1909).

  Myers v. United States, 272 U.S. 52 (1926).

  Nebbia v. New York, 291 U.S. 502 (1934).

  New Orleans v. The Steamship Co., 87 U.S. 387 (1874).

  New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262 (1932).

  NLRB v. Friedman-Harry Marks Clothing Co., 301 U.S. 58 (1937).

  NLRB v. Fruehauf Trailer Co., 301 U.S. 49 (1937).

  NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 U.S. 1 (1937).

  Norman v. B. & O. R.R., 294 U.S. 240 (1935).

  Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438 (1928).

  Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U.S. 388 (1935).

  Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896).

  Sanchez-Espinoza v. Reagan, 770 F.2d 202 (D.C. Cir. 1985).

  Steward Machine Co. v. Davis, 301 U.S. 548 (1937).

  Texas v. White, 74 U.S. 700 (1869).

  United States v. Belmont, 301 U.S. 324 (1937).

  United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100 (1941).

  United States v. Diekelman, 92 U.S. 520 (1875).

  United States v. E.C. Knight, 156 U.S. 1 (1895).

  United States v. Hudson & Goodwin, 11 U.S. (7 Cranch) 32 (1812).

  United States v. Lovett, 328 U.S. 303 (1946).

  United States v. Nardone, 302 U.S. 379 (1937).

  United States v. Nardone, 308 U.S. 338 (1939).

  United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 (1974).


  United States v. United States District Court, 444 F.2d 651 (6th Cir. 1971).

  Washington, Virginia & Maryland Coach Co. v. NLRB, 301 U.S. 142 (1937).

  West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (1937).

  Williams v. Standards Oil Co., 278 U.S. 235 (1929).

  Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952).

  INDEX

  A

  Acheson, Dean, 299, 336, 339

  Ackerman, Bruce, xiv, 274

  Adams, Abigail, 106

  Adams, Henry, 101, 135-136

  Adams, John, 13, 60, 73, 81, 103-104, 111, 167, 435

  Adams, John Quincy, 127, 145-147, 151

  Adams-Onis Treaty, 152

  Administrative Procedure Act, 366

  Afghanistan, 355, 419, 429, 433, 443-444

  Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), 263-264, 266, 269

  Alabama, 150

  Alamo, Battle of the, 153

  Alcoa, 429

  Alien Act, 106-107, 181, 206, 358, 417

  Alien Enemies Act, 315

  Algiers, 111

  al Qaeda, vii, 413, 419, 421-423, 429, 439-442

  Amar, Akhil, 46

  Ambrister, Robert, 151

  Amelia Island, Florida, 150-151

  American Bar Association, 272, 414

  American Civil War. See Civil War

  The American Presidency (Rossiter), xiii

  American Revolution. See Revolutionary War

  American Sphinx (Ellis), 99

  "American System," 180

  "Anaconda" strategy, 223

  Angola, 355

  Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, 419

  Anti-Federalist Party, 3, 6, 33, 36-37, 50

  ANZUS, 345

  Arbuthnot, Alexander, 151

  Aristotle, 3

  Arizona, 196

  Arkansas, 241

  Army Field Manual, 443

  "Arsenal of Democracy" speech, 294, 296, 304

  Articles of Confederation, 9-10, 27, 33, 35, 47, 60, 75, 129, 185, 207

  Articles of War, 313, 315

  Astor, Vincent, 323

  Atlanta, Georgia, 242

  Atlantic Conference, 296

  Australia, 345

  Authorization to Use Military Force (AUMF), 411, 420

  Axis powers, 293, 304

  Azores, 304

  B

  Bailey, Jeremy, 101, 125

  Bailyn, Bernard, 3

  Baja California, 196-197

  Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Act, 378

  Bank Bill, 164-164