William Cox
Page 34
40 Sydney Gazette, 30 September 1824, p. 3, col. 2. The whole skirmish was reported.
41 Kociumbas, op. cit., endnote 34.
42 Ibid., p. 239.
43 George Cox of Mulgoa and Mudgee, op. cit., p. 1, obituary p. 49.
44 Rolls, A Million Wild Acres, op. cit., p. 56.
45 Goulburn to Bathurst, 3 November 1824, HRA Series 1, vol. xi, p. 410.
46 Cox to Macquarie, 13 July 1818, Colonial Secretary Index, reel 6065, 4/1798, pp. 79–81.
47 Brisbane to Bathurst, 1 November 1824, HRA Series 1, vol. xi, p. 406.
48 Threlkeld, Reminiscences, op. cit., p. 322.
49 Bigge Report, Agriculture, Evidence, 27 November 1820, doc. 4, p. 75.
50 Roe, The Quest for Authority, op. cit., p. 66.
51 Sydney Gazette, 21 May 1827, pp. 2, 3.
52 Peter Cunningham, Two Years in New South Wales, Henry Colburn, London, 1827, vol. 2, p. 6.
53 Karskens, The Colony, op. cit., p. 537.
54 Bigge Report, Agriculture, Evidence, 27 November 1819, Bonwick Transcripts, Box 5, p. 2032.
55 Broome, op. cit., p. 214.
Chapter 12
1 Roe, The Quest for Authority, op. cit., pp. 6, 88.
2 Ibid., p. 51.
3 This was James Mudie’s scornful phrase in his book, The Felonry of New South Wales, 1837, republished by Angus & Robertson, London, 1995.
4 Manning Clark, A History of Australia., vol. 2, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1968, p. 155.
5 Australian Historical Statistics, ed. Wray Vamplew, Fairfax, Syme & Wilson, Broadway, NSW, 1987, pp. 4–5.
6 HRA Series 1, vol. xvii, pp. 171–75.
7 HRA Series 1, vol. xxv, p. 294, 30 December 1846.
8 Cobbett, Illustrated Rural Rides, op. cit., pp. 127, 130.
9 Roe, The Quest for Authority, op. cit., p. 71.
10 Atkinson, Camden, op. cit., pp. 36, 37.
11 King, Richard Bourke, op. cit., p. 182.
12 Gideon Scott Lang, Land and Labour in Australia, Melbourne, 1845, p. 14.
13 Donald Carisbrooke, ‘The Influence of the “Gentlemen Settlers” in Australia in 1838’, The Push From the Bush, no. 11, November 1981, pp. 28, 29.
14 Hon. H. A. Wyndham, A Family History 1688–1837, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1950.
15 HRA Series 1, vol. XX, p. 54, 5 March 1839.
16 Carisbrooke, ‘The Influence of the “Gentleman Settlers”’, op cit., pp. 28, 29.
17 Sandra J. Blair, ‘The Revolt at Castle Forbes: A Catalyst to Emancipist Emigrant Confrontation’, JRAHS, vol. 64, pt 2, September 1978, p. 96.
18 Clark, History of Australia, op. cit., vol. 2, p. 214.
19 John Ward, ‘James Macarthur, Colonial Conservative’, JRAHS, vol. 66, pt 6, p. 155.
20 Roe, The Quest for Authority, op. cit., pp. 40, 47.
21 Bigge Report, Agriculture, Evidence, p. 84.
22 Ibid., p. 2044.
23 Sir John Jamison (1776–1844) was a physician, who had been knighted for curbing scurvy in the Swedish navy and inherited his father’s property in the colony. ADB, vol. 2, pp. 10–12.
24 Colonial Secretary Index, reel 6038, SZ759, pp. 359–61.
25 Correspondence, ML, CY 762, A 264, pp. 7, 43.
26 Rolls, A Million Wild Acres, op. cit., p. 77.
27 Colonial Secretary Index, reel 6057, 4/1768, p. 23, ML.
28 Cox to Brisbane, 2 February 1823, Colonial Secretary Index, reel 6058, 4/1769, p. 72.
29 Sydney Gazette, 20 March 1819, p. 3. Also, Macquarie to Bathurst, 24 March 1819, HRA Series 1, vol. x, pp. 52–65.
30 Macquarie to Bathurst, 22 March, 1819, HRA Series 1, vol. x, pp. 55–65. Also Clark, History of Australia, op. cit., vol. 1, pp. 322, 323.
31 Ward, ‘James Macarthur’, op. cit., p. 151.
32 Quoted by Fletcher, Colonial Australia, op. cit., p. 79. Bell’s evidence to Bigge revealed him as opposed to emancipists holding public office.
33 Introduction, HRA Series 1, vol. xvi, p. viii.
34 Bigge Report, Agriculture, Evidence, p. 84.
35 Barron Field (1786–1846) had replaced Jeffrey Hart Bent in February 1817. ADB, vol. 1, pp. 373–76.
36 Sydney Gazette, 12 July 1822, p. 2.
37 Roe, The Quest for Authority, op. cit., pp. 38, 39.
38 Colonial Secretary Index, 20 August 1822, reel 6052, 4/1753, p. 174/174a, ML.
39 Gilbert Mant, The Big Show, Horwitz Publications, North Sydney, 1972, p. 21.
40 Rachel Pintado at the RASNSW, email of 7 October 2010.
41 Sydney Gazette, 16 February 1827, p. 3.
42 Brisbane to Bathurst, 9 February 1825, HRA Series 1, vol. xi, pp. 520, 937. Commentary and note 136 on p. 937. Marsden’s speech was printed by Robert Howe in 1824.
43 Brisbane to Bathurst, 9 February 1825, HRA Series 1, vol. xi, p. 520.
44 Geoffrey Moorhouse, Sydney: Portrait of a City, Phoenix, Sydney, 2000, p. 93.
45 Brisbane to Bathurst, 9 February 1825, HRA Series 1, xi, p. 519, with enclosures.
46 Brisbane to Bathurst, 23 May 1825, HRA Series 1, vol. xi, pp. 606, 609, 612.
47 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004, vol. 7, p. 679.
48 Brisbane to Bathurst, 18 November 1825, HRA Series 1, vol. xi, p. 903.
49 Brisbane to Bathurst, 21 May 1825, HRA Series 1, xi, p. 596 and note 172, p. 944.
50 Royal Agricultural Society of New South Wales website, February 2011.
51 Cox, George Cox of Mulgoa and Mudgee, op. cit., p. 27.
52 Darling to Bathurst, 31 June 1827, HRA Series 1, vol. xiii, pp. 50, 51.
53 Darling to Goderich, 14 December 1827, HRA Series 1, vol. xiii, p. 638.
54 HRA Series 1, vol. xvi, p. 317.
55 Forbes to Hay, 12 November 1827, HRA Series 1, vol. 1, legal papers 1786–1827, pp. 749, 750.
56 Darling to Hay, 17 December 1827, HRA Series 1, vol. xiii, p. 657.
57 Alan Atkinson, ‘The Parliament in the Jerusalem Warehouse’, The Push From the Bush, no. 12, June 1982, p. 76.
58 Darling to Twiss, 7 July 1829, enclosure, HRA Series 1, vol. xv, pp. 71–73.
59 ‘Australia: a Poem written for the Chancellor’s medal at the Cambridge Commencement, July 1823’. It came second.
60 ADB, vol. 2, pp. 570–72.
61 Brisbane to Bathurst, 12 January 1825, HRA Series 1, vol. xi, p. 470, 471.
62 ADB, vol. 2, p. 583.
63 ADB, vol. 2, p. 584.
64 Sydney Gazette, 15 September 1828, p. 2.
65 Colonial Secretary Index, 30 June 1820, fiche 3024, 4/1824B, No. 445, p. 641, and fiche 3031, 4/1825B, No. 670, p. 575, ML.
66 Sydney Gazette, 27 July 1827, p. 3.
67 Sydney Gazette, christening, 5 April 1822, p. 3; races 19 April 1822, p. 3; ball 4 September 1823, p. 3. The dining room is recorded by Broadbent, Colonial House, op. cit., p. 151.
68 Atkinson, ‘Jerusalem Warehouse’, op. cit., pp. 76–79.
69 Blair, ‘The Revolt at Castle Forbes’, op. cit., p. 89.
70 Mudie, The Felonry of New South Wales, op. cit., p. 7.
71 HRA Series 1, vol. xix, p. 115, 10 Oct 1837.
72 Roe, The Quest for Authority, op. cit., pp. 6, 76.
73 Ibid., p. 54.
74 Spigelman, The Macquarie Bicentennial, op. cit., p. 16.
75 Ward, ‘James Macarthur’, op. cit., p. 150.
76 Colonial Secretary Index, Sec. letters, SRNSW, reel 1114, 35/2608, 7 April 1835, Stare Records, Kingswood.
77 Ibid., reel 1114, 36/345, 28 December 1835, and 41/0799, 12 June 1837, State Records, Kingswood.
78 Barrie Dyster, ‘The Fate of Colonial Conservatism on the Eve of the Gold Rush’, JRAHS, December 1968, vol. 54, part 4, p. 334.
79 Bennett, History of Australian Discovery, op. cit., vol. 1, 1865, vol. 2, pp. 527, 627, 628.
80 Ibid., p. 578.
81 Wentworth, Historical and Political Description of the Colony, op. cit., p. 101
.
82 ADB, vol. 1, p. 118.
83 Broadbent, Colonial House, op. cit., p. 376.
84 Bennett, History of Australian Discovery, op. cit., pp. 527, 628.
85 Ibid., p. 629.
Chapter 13
1 George Cox of Mulgoa and Mudgee, op. cit., p. 10.
2 State Records Kingswood, Land, reel 1114, 36/345.
3 SRNSW, 907, reel 1114 and 1114 no. 420, State Records Kingswood.
4 Broadbent, Colonial House, op. cit., p. 150.
5 Alfred Cox, ‘Reminiscences’, op. cit., p. 2.
6 Last will and testament of William Cox of Fairfield, Windsor, copy at the Priest’s House Museum, Wimborne, Dorset.
7 Legal notice, Sydney Morning Herald, 17 June 1918.
8 Letter from George Cox to George Henry Cox of 2 January 1848, in George Cox of Mulgoa and Mudgee.
9 George Cox of Mulgoa and Mudgee, op. cit, p. 56.
10 This is derived from a website account by Birrell headed ‘Rebecca and Anna’, which has to be treated with reserve since it contains errors, such as referring to James Cox as Edgar’s uncle when they were half- brothers.
11 Colonial Secretary Index, 26 April 1824, reel 6060, 4/1777, p. 194.
12 Various family accounts call it the Edward VI school. County records show that there was no such grammar school in Wiltshire. It must have been the City Grammar School.
13 Colonial Secretary Index, 16 July 1804, fiche 3268; 9/2731, p. 140.
14 Alfred Cox, ‘Reminiscences’, op. cit., p. 7.
15 Contrary to Edna Hickson’s accounts.
16 Attachment to a letter from Mrs Anne Youll to Winifred Cox, op. cit.
17 Colonial Secretary Index, 29 April 1818, reel 6006, 4/3498, p. 195.
18 State Records Kingswood, Land, reel 1114, 35/2608, 7 April 1835.
19 Broadbent, Colonial House, op. cit. pp. 152–54.
20 ‘Reminiscences of J. M. Cox’, ed. Andrew Houison, The Cox Family c. 1912, ML, vol. 2, p. 175.
21 George Cox of Mulgoa and Mudgee, op. cit., p. 19.
22 Piper Papers, vol. 2, p. 178, ML.
23 Quoted in Rachel Roxburgh, Early Colonial Houses of Australia, but she has named the wrong bride. The letter is in the Mitchell Library.
24 Smith, A Cargo of Women, op. cit., pp. 36, 50.
25 Archives Office of New South Wales, 4/2127.5, reel 72.
26 Smith, Cargo of Women, op. cit., pp. 131 et seq.
27 Author’s visit, 2009.
28 Alfred Cox, ‘Reminiscences’, op. cit., p. 7.
29 HRA Series 1, vol. xviii, p. 252, 26 December 1835.
30 HRA Series 1, vol. xx, p. 54, 5 March 1830.
31 HRA Series 1, vol. xxii, p. 16, 16 April 1842.
32 G. M. W. Clemons, Historic Homesteads of Australia, vol. 1, Cassell Australia, 1969, p. 95.
33 HRA Series 1, Series III, vol. iii, pp. 843–845, 20 April 1820.
34 Bigge, Report Agriculture, 13 March 1823.
35 Bigge Report, p. 117.
36 Clemons, Historic Homesteads, op. cit., p. 95.
37 HRA Series 1, vol. x, p. 561, 24 November 1821.
38 HRA Series 1, vol. xxvi, p. 635, report of the Commissioner of 1 June 1848.
39 Philip Cox and Wesley Stacey, The Australian Homestead, Lansdowne Press, Melbourne, 1972, p. 130 et seq.
40 ‘Reminiscences of J. M. Cox’, op. cit.
41 HRA Series 1, vol. xxvi, p. 10, Fitz Roy to Grey, 14 October 1847.
42 HRA Series 1, vol. xxv, pp. 164–167, 1 January 1845.
43 ADB, vol. 3, 1969.
44 Mulgoa! Mulgoa! Where is that? op. cit., p. 9.
45 HRA Series 1, vol. xiii, p. 59, Darling to Bathurst, list of magistrates 31 January 1827.
46 Christopher Cox, email of 11 October 2010.
47 Christopher Cox, email of 11 October 2010.
48 Bigge to Bathurst, 6 May 1822, HRA Series 3, vol. 4, p. 679.
49 Broadbent, Colonial House, op. cit., p. 378.
50 Barrie Dyster, ‘The Fate of Colonial Conservatism on the Eve of the Gold Rush’, Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, December 1978. vol. 54, part 4, p. 334.
51 Bennett, History of Australian Discovery, op. cit., pp. 628, 629.
Index
Numbers in italics indicate illustrations.
Abbott, Edward 54, 74
Aborigines 218–31
Black wars 10, 132, 146, 225–30
Cattle theft by 252, 255, 256
Clashes with 51, 84, 146, 206, 229, 230
Dharug 159, 172, 218, 220
Dispossessed 10, 55, 61, 139, 205, 218–31, 271
Employment of 10, 104, 106, 159, 229, 231
Eora people 51
Extermination/massacre of 223, 226–8, 230
Gifts for 225
and Governors 244, 245, 246, 247
Gundungurra 159
Hoschen 221
Mudgee tribe 205, 224, 226
Mulgowie 159, 231
Revenge attacks by 220, 221–2, 226, 227, 230–1
Settler attacks on 220, 226
Spears 218–9
Symbolism of land 220
Traditional pursuits/food 159, 218, 220, 223
Tribal chiefs 225
‘Uninhabited’ land 219
Wiradjuri 132, 226–7, 229, 253, 255
Agricultural Society of NSW 10, 21, 159, 238, 239, 243, 246, 276
Army
Barracks, 52–4
Corruption in 62, 73
12th Regiment 255
40th Regiment 230
46th Regiment 263–4
48th Regiment 216–7
62nd Regiment 253
68th Regiment 30–1
73rd Regiment 80, 222
117th Regiment 30
New South Wales Corps 31, 34, 48, 53, 54, 55, 60, 62–3, 67, 74, 155, 183–4, 206, 263
as 102nd Regiment 76, 215, 255, 263
Militias 17, 27–9, 34
NSW Corps officers assigned convicts 183
Regimental agents, NSW Corps 7, 58–9, 60, 65, 74, 186, 201
Artificial grasses (clover, etc.) 158–9, 186, 201
Atkins, Revd Thomas 166
Austen, Jane 10, 20, 140, 159, 188, 236
Australian, newspaper 247, 249, 254
Badajoz, siege of 255, 263
Balmain, William 63
Bank of New South Wales 189, 214
Bank of Australia 274, 276
Banks, Sir Joseph 93
Bannister, Saxe 223, 227
Barrallier, Francis 69, 93, 97
Bathurst, Earl 94–5, 132, 135, 137, 181–2, 192, 194, 196, 203–4, 207–8, 210, 219, 220, 229, 232, 234, 242, 245, 246
Bathurst plains 9, 10, 61, 96, 108, 124, 131, 135, 140, 179, 181–2, 185, 188, 223–5, 231, 255, 261, 266, 271, 273
Bathurst, settlement 94, 95, 99, 101, 133, 135, 138–9, 144, 146–7, 149, 161–2, 172–9, 193, 201, 204–5, 207, 210, 214, 222, 226, 228
Beddek, Francis 217, 262, 266, 274
Bell, Archibald 140, 194, 197, 206, 219, 221–2, 230–1, 238–40, 243–4, 247, 261, 275
Bennelong 218
Bennett, Samuel 9, 62, 255–7, 278
Bigge, Commissioner 7–8, 10, 42–3, 45–6, 81, 88–9, 93, 99, 125, 135, 138–9, 140–1, 145–9, 151, 155, 158, 161–99, 206, 215, 277
Character 181
Directive 200, 204
Interviews/evidence to 180, 182, 185, 195
Hidden agenda 178, 181–2
Reports on the colony 140, 158, 161, 178, 180–2, 185, 201–2, 205–7, 268
in Tasmania 268
Blachford, Anna (Cox)
Activities 151–3, 155, 252, 261, 265
Arrival 216
Birth 216
Marriage to William 215, 233
Remarries 291
Sister and wedding 217, 260, 274
Blachford, Mrs (Anna’s mother) 266
Blaxland, Gregory 53, 64, 70, 78, 89, 93–4, 96–7, 105, 116, 183, 189, 197, 243, 247
Blaxland, John 64, 78, 93, 171, 275
Bligh, Governor 63, 74, 76–7, 80, 86, 156, 169, 244
Blue Mountains 137
1813 expedition 94, 133, 201, 204, 207
Road 8, 9, 71, 94, 96–100, 100, 101–12, 113, 114–34, 132, 138, 173, 177, 184–5, 192, 200, 204, 229, 231
Bell’s Line of Road 108
Maquarie’s orders on road building 94, 97
Macquarie’s rewards 98
Blue Mountains Council 114
Bourke, Governor 211–2, 274–5, 239, 243, 253, 267
Brabyn, John 54, 163, 164, 202, 240
Brisbane, Governor 150, 166, 229
Broadbent, James 261, 265, 271
Broombee 271
Brush Farm 51, 53–4, 56–8, 70, 78, 89, 140, 145, 158, 172
Buffalo, ship 33, 74
Burrundulla 149, 259, 271, 275–8, 278
Caley, George 93, 97, 107, 185, 205
Caley’s Repulse (Pile) 93, 106–7, 110
Camden Park Estate 11, 64, 140, 146, 165, 238, 269
Camden, Lord 63
Campbell, John, Colonial Secretary 88, 97, 103, 107–10, 114, 116, 119, 123–4, 129, 132, 150, 167, 182, 184, 193
Campbell River 129, 130
Campbell, Robert, trader 65, 65–7, 71, 76, 79, 85, 248, 254
Canterbury Farm 58, 66
Cartwright, Revd 90–1, 125, 146, 155, 164, 192
Castle, Forbes 253
Castle Hill riots 53, 59, 67
Castlereagh, Lord 80, 85
Castlereagh, town 86, 89, 91, 106, 156
Catchpole, Margaret 153
Chamberlain, Theophilus 206
Church of St John, Parramatta 55, 215
Clarendon, royal park 16
Clarendon, estate NSW 10, 11, 69, 72, 77–9, 91, 96, 101–3, 105, 109, 112, 127, 134, 135–61, 171, 180–1, 190, 267
Clarendon, house 84, 142–3, 252
Clarendon, Tasmania 16, 72, 179, 261, 269
Cobbett, William, and Rural Rides 23, 159, 190, 325
Colonial Council, William proposed for 229
Convicts
Assignment of 88, 89, 168, 180–4, 197–221, 232
Complaints against Cox 161–79, 226
Emancipation of 85
Escaping 133, 138
Incentives to work 98, 135 (also see Blue Mountains road)
Female 39, 43, 45, 49, 58, 77, 150–1, 166–7, 190–2, 234, 274
Land grants 194–5, 202
Numbers 202, 210
Pay 189, 235, 268
Rehabilitation of 84, 87, 197
Rights 234
Road gangs 98, 113