Oil (filmed as There Will Be Blood)

by Upton Sinclair

  Eli moved up the lane, the car following. There was a big live oak tree with a clear space underneath, and Dad placed the car so that the lights streamed upon the space—you never needed to worry about darkness, when you were camping with a car! They stopped, and Bunny slid over the top of his door, and went to work on the straps which held the big bundle to the running-board. He had it off in a jiffy, and unrolled it, and quite magical were the things which came out of it. There was a tent, made of such light waterproofed silk that a structure eight feet square rolled up to a bundle which might have been a suit of clothes. There were the tent poles, made in several joints which screwed together; and the stakes, and a little camp hatchet to drive them with. There were three warm camping-blankets, besides the waterproof cover, which also made a blanket. There were two pneumatic pillows, and a pneumatic mattress, which you sat and puffed at until you were red in the face—it was great sport! Finally there was a canvas bag containing a set of camp utensils, all made of aluminum, and fitting one into another, everything with detachable handles; and aluminum boxes with several compartments for grub. When all these things were set in order, you could be as comfortable in the midst of a desert or on top of a mountain as in the best hotel room. Mr. Watkins told Eli to help, but Dad said never mind, they knew just what to do, and it was easy. So then Mr. Watkins told Eli to fetch a pail of water; and next he asked if they'd like some milk—they had only goat's milk, of course. Dad said that was fine; and Bunny was transported to the Balkans, or whatever exciting places he had read about, where the people live on goat's milk. Mr. Watkins said for Ruth to go git some; and Bunny was thrilled again, because Ruth was the sister that Paul loved, and that he said had "sense." Mr. Watkins called after her to fatch some "aigs" too; and Dad said they'd like some bread—and then Bunny got a shock, for the old man said they didn't git no bread, they hadn't room to raise grain, and corn didn't fill out good up here in the hills, so all they had was taters. And Dad said potatoes would do just as good, they'd boil some for supper; and Mr. Watkins said they'd git 'em quicker if the missus was to bile 'em on the stove—thus showing a complete misapprehension of the significance of a camping-trip. Dad said no, they'd want a fire anyway; and Mr. Watkins said they was gettin' a nip o' frost every night now, and for Eli to rustle 'em up a lot of wood. This was easily done, for as soon as you went a few feet up the side of the arroyo you came upon desert brush, much of which was dead and dry, and Eli tore some of the bushes loose and dragged them down and broke them to pieces over his knee. Then he fetched a couple of stones—that also was easy, for you could hardly walk a dozen feet on the Watkins ranch without hitting your toe on a stone. Very soon they had a fire going, and the potatoes boiling merrily in the pot, and a jar of bacon open and sizzling in the frying pan. Dad did the cooking—it was a dignified occupation, while Bunny hustled about and set the plates and things on the waterproof cover which served as a table cloth without a table. When the bacon was done, Dad cracked the eggs on the side of the pan, and fried them "with their eyes open." And there was the goat's milk, rich and creamy, cold from the "spring-house;" you didn't mind the strong flavor, because you persuaded yourself it was romantic. The milk was served in aluminum cups which were part of the camping outfit; and also there was a plate of honey and comb—sage-honey, brown, and strong of flavor—which Ruth had brought. Dad invited the family to come and have something, but the old man said no thanks, they had all et. Dad said would they please at least sit down, because they didn't seem comfortable just standin' there; so Eli and the three girls, and their mother, who had joined them, all sat down on stones at a modest distance from the light, and Mr. Watkins sat on a stone a little closer, and while they ate Dad talked with him about the state of the weather, and of the crops, and about their way of life up here in the hills. And when Dad and Bunny were done, and stretched themselves on the blankets, feeling fine and comfortable, Mr. Watkins offered to have the tent put up by Eli, but Dad again said not to mind, it was very simple and would only take a few minutes. Then Mr. Watkins said that one of the gals would wash up for them, and Dad said all right, he'd like that; so Bunny got the pans and plates together, and the middle-sized girl, who went by the name of Meelie, carried them off to the house. And then they chatted some more; and Bunny saw that Dad was skilfully finding out about the family, and getting their confidence. Suddenly came a critical moment in the acquaintance; there was a pause, and in a voice different from his usual one, solemn and burdened with feeling, Abel Watkins said: "Brother, may I ask a personal question?" "Yes, sure," said Dad. "Brother, are you saved?" Bunny caught his breath; for he remembered what Paul had said about Mr. Watkins' way—if you said anything contrary to his religion, he would roll up his eyes and begin to pray out loud and "let go." Bunny had told Dad about this; and evidently Dad had figured out what to do. He replied in a tone no less solemn: "Yes, brother, we are saved." "You been washed in the Blood?" "Yes, brother, we been washed." "What is your church, brother?" "It is called the Church of the True Word." There was a pause. "I dunno as I know that there message," said Mr. Watkins. "I am sorry," said Dad. "I should like to explain it, but we're not permitted to talk about our faith with strangers." "But brother!" Mr. Watkins was evidently bewildered by that. "We are told in the Book that The Lord has called us for to preach the Gospel unto them;' and also, 'the Gospel must first be published among all nations.'" "Brother," said Dad, still with the utmost earnestness, "I understand that; but according to our faith, we get to know men in friendship, and talk about our religion later. We all have to respect the convictions of others." "Yes, brother," said Mr. Watkins; and his voice sort of faded away, and you could see he did not know what to say next. He looked at the members of his family, as if seeking support from them; but they hadn't yet said anything, except "Yes, Pap," when he gave them an order. So it was up to Dad to relieve the embarrassment. "We come here to look for quail," he said. "I hear aplenty of 'em about." It was growing so cold that the little fire no longer sufficed for comfort; so the Watkins family took their departure, and Dad and Bunny set up the tent, and stowed their goods in it, and Bunny did his job of puffing at the mattress until it was full. The stars were shining, so they made their bed in the open. After spreading the blankets, they took off their shoes and outside clothing, and laid them in the tent, and crawled under the blankets in a hurry— gee, but that cold made you jump! Bunny snuggled up into a ball, and lay there, feeling the night breeze on his forehead; and he remarked: "Say, Dad, what is the Church of the True Word?" Dad chuckled. "The poor old crack-brain," he said; "I had to get some way to shut him up." They lay still, and pretty soon Dad was breathing deeply. But the boy, though he was tired, did not go to sleep at once. He lay thinking: Dad's code was different from the one which Bunny had decided to follow. Dad would lie, whenever he considered it necessary; he would argue that the other person could not use the truth, or had no right to it in the particular circumstances. And yet, this also was plain, Dad didn't want Bunny to follow that same code. He would tell Bunny to say nothing, but he would never tell Bunny to lie; and as a rule, when he had to do any lying, he would do it out of Bunny's presence! There were lots of things like that; Dad smoked cigars, and he took a drink now and then, but he didn't want Bunny to smoke or to drink. It was queer. Bunny's head and face were cold, but the rest of him was warm, and he was drifting, drifting off; his thoughts became a blur—but then suddenly he was wide awake again. What was that? The mattress was rocking; it rolled you from side to side, so that you had to put out your elbows. "Dad!" cried Bunny. "What's that?" And Dad came suddenly awake; he sat up, and Bunny sat up— putting his two hands out to keep himself steady. "By jiminy!" cried Dad. "An earthquake!" Sure enough, an earthquake! And say, it was queer to feel the solid ground, that you counted on, shaking you about like that! The tree began to creak over their heads, as if a wind were rocking it; they jumped up and got out from under. A clamor arose, a bleating and moaning—the goats, who liked this sensation even less than the humans, ha
ving no ideas of earth structures and geological faults to steady their minds. And then came another kind of clamor—from the Watkins family, who apparently had rushed out of their cabin. "Glory hallelujah! Jesus, save us! Lord, have mercy!" Dad said, "It's all over now; let's crawl in, or we'll have them folks up here praying over us." Bunny obeyed, and they lay still. "Gee, that was a terrible earthquake!" whispered the boy. "Do you think it knocked down any cities?" "It was likely just local," answered Dad. "They have lots of them up here in this hill country." "Then you'd think the Watkinses would be used to them." "They enjoy makin' a fuss, I guess. They don't have so much excitement in their lives." And that was all Dad had to say. He had plenty of excitements in his own life, and was not specially interested in earthquakes, and still less in the ravings of religious maniacs. He was soon fast asleep again. But Bunny lay and listened. The Watkins family had "let go," and were having a regular holy jumping service, out there under the cold white stars. They shouted, they prayed, they laughed and sang, they cried "Glory! Glory!" and "Amen!" and "Selah!" and other words which Bunny did not understand, but which may have been Greek or Hebrew, or else the speech of the archangels. The voice of old Abel Watkins dominated, and the shrill screams of the children made a chorus, and the bleating of the goats was like a lot of double basses in an orchestra. Cold chills ran up and down Bunny's back; for, after all, the scientific mind in him, which knew about earth structures and geological faults, was only a century or two old, while the instinctive mind which pronounces incantations, is thousands and perhaps hundreds of thousands of years old. Priests have wrought frenzies and pronounced dooms, and because the priests believed them and the victims believed them, they have worked, and therefore they were believed more than ever. And now here was an incantation against earthquakes— and people down on their knees, with their hands in the air and their bodies swaying—

  "Chariots to glory, chariots to glory, Chariots to glory with the Holy Lamb!"

  Bunny dozed off at last; and when he opened his eyes again, the dawn was pink behind the hills, and Dad was slipping into his khaki hunting-clothes. Bunny didn't stop to rub his eyes, he popped out of bed and got his clothes on quick—that cold just froze your bones! He clambered up the hillside and began pulling dead brush, and got a fire going and the saucepan on. And then came Eli, bringing the clean plates and things, and asking whether they wanted last night's milk, which was cold, or this morning's milk, which was warm. "And say, did you feel that yearthquake!" asked Eli, in excitement. "Say, that was a terrible yearthquake! Does you-all have yearthquakes in you-all's parts?" Eli had pale yellow hair, which had not been cut for some time, and had not been combed since the "yearthquake." He had pale blue eyes which protruded slightly, and gave him an eager look. He had a long neck with a conspicuous Adam's apple. His legs had grown too fast for the pair of worn trousers which were supposed to cover them, and which revealed Eli's shoes without socks. He stood there, staring at every detail of the equipment and clothing of these city strangers, and at the same time attempting to probe their souls. "What does this yere True Word teach about yearthquakes?" Dad was busy frying the bacon and eggs, and he said they would like some of this morning's milk—which was a way to get rid of Eli. But it didn't take Eli long to come back, and he stood and followed every morsel of food as it went into their mouths; and he told them that the family had "prayed a mighty power" over that yearthquake, and yearthquakes meant the Holy Spirit was growing weary of fornications and drunkenness and lying in the world, and had they been doing any of them things? Bunny had but a vague idea concerning fornications, but he knew that Dad had told a whopping big lie just a short time before that "yearthquake," and he chuckled to himself as he thought what a portent the Watkinses would make out of that, if they knew! The old man came, to make sure they were all right. Mr. Watkins was a bigger and taller edition of his son, with the same prominent pale blue eyes and large Adam's apple; his face was weather-beaten, heavily lined with care, and you could see he was a kind old man, honest and good, for all his craziness. He too talked about the "yearthquakes," and told about one which had shaken down brick and concrete buildings in Roseville a couple of years ago. Then he said that Meelie and Sadie were going out to school, and they would bring in some bread if the strangers wanted it. So Dad gave him a dollar, and they had a little argument, because Mr. Watkins said they wouldn't take only the regular price what they got for the eggs and the milk and the taters at the store, and they didn't want no pay for the camping out, because that wasn't no trouble to them, they was glad to see strangers; it was a lonely life they lived up in these here hills, and if it wasn't for the Lord and His Gospel, they would have very little pleasure in life.

  VI

  Dad and Bunny strapped on their cartridge belts, which went over their shoulders, and they loaded up the repeating shot-guns, and set out up the little valley and over the hills. Bunny didn't really care very much about killing quail, he was sorry for the lovely black and brown birds, that had such proud and stately crests, and ran with such quick twinkling legs, and made such pretty calls at sundown. But Bunny never said anything about these ideas, because he knew Dad liked to hunt, and it was the only way you could get him away from his work, and out into the open, which the doctor said was good for his health. Dad was quick as lightning to swing his gun, and it looked as if he didn't aim at all, but apparently he did; and he never made the mistake that Bunny did, of trying to shoot at two birds at the same time. Also Dad had time to watch Bunny and teach him—to make sure that they travelled in an even line, and didn't get turned so that one was out in front of the other's gun. Well they tramped the hills and the valleys, and the birds rose, flying in every direction—a whir, and a grey streak—bang, bang— and either they were gone, or else they were down. But you didn't run to pick them up, because there would be others, they would hide and run, and you moved on, and banged some more, until finally you gathered up all you could find, bundles of soft warm feathers, spotted with blood. Sometimes they were still alive, and you had to wring their necks, and that was the part Bunny hated. They filled their bags, and then they tramped back to camp, tired and hungry—oh gosh! Eli came, offering to clean the birds for them, and they were glad to let him, and gave him half the birds for the family to eat—it was pitiful to see the light in the eyes of the poor, half-starved youth when he heard this news. It isn't easy to live altogether in the spirit while you are not fully grown! Eli took the birds to the house, where there was a chopping-block and pails of water handy; and meantime Bunny stretched out to rest, with his feet up in front. Suddenly he sat up with an exclamation. "Dad! Look at that!" "Look at what?" "At my shoe!" "What is it?" Bunny pulled his foot up close. "Dad, that's oil!" "Are you sure?" "What else could it be?" He got up and hopped over, so Dad could see for himself. "It's all up over the top." "You sure it wasn't there before?" "Of course not, Dad! It's still soft. I couldn't pack up my shoes like that and not see. I must have stepped into a regular pool of it. And oh, say—I'll bet you it was the earthquake! Some oil came up through a crack!" Bunny took off his shoe, and Dad examined the find. He said not to get too much excited, it was a common thing to find oil pools close to the surface; as a rule they were small, and didn't amount to anything. But still, oil signs were not to be neglected; so after lunch they would go out again, and retrace their steps, and see what they could find. It was easy for Dad to say not to get excited; so little did he know about his boy's mind! This was Bunny's dream, that he had had for years. You see, Dad was all the time talking about how he was going to get a real oil-tract some day—one that belonged to himself alone. He would figure up and show that when you paid a man a sixth royalty, you were really giving half your net profits— for you had to pay all the costs, not merely of the drilling, but of the upkeep and operation of the well, and the marketing of the oil. The other fellow got half your money—and didn't do a thing but own the land! Well, some day Dad would get a tract of his own discovery, and have it to himself, so that he could dev
elop it right, and build an oil-town that he could run right, without any interference or any graft. How was he to find that tract? That was Bunny's dream! He had lived the adventure in a score of different forms; he would be digging a hole in the ground, and the oil would come spouting up, and he would cover it over to hide it, and Dad would buy the land for miles around, and take Bunny into partnership with him; or else Bunny would be exploring a cave in the mountains, and he would fall into a pool of oil and get out with great difficulty. There were many different ways he had pictured—but never once had he thought of having an earthquake come and split open the ground, just before he and Dad were starting out after quail! Bunny was so much excited that he hardly noticed the taste of that especially delicious meal of quail and fried potatoes and boiled turnips. Just as soon as Dad got his cigar smoked, they set forth again, keeping their eyes on the ground, except when they lifted them to study the landmarks, and to figure whether they had taken this opening through the hills or that. They had walked half a mile or so, when a couple of quail rose, and Dad dropped them both, and walked over to pick them up, and then he called, "Here you are, son!" Bunny thought he meant the birds; but Dad called again. "Come over here!" And when the boy was near he said, "Here's your oil!" There it was, sure enough; a black streak of it, six or eight inches wide, wiggling here and there, following a crack in the ground; it was soft and oozy, and now and then it bubbled, as if it were still leaking up. Dad knelt down and stuck his finger into it, and held it up to the light to see the color; he broke off a dead branch from a bush and poked it into the crevice to see how deep it was, and how much more came up. When Dad got up again he said, "That's real oil, no doubt of it. I guess it won't do any harm to buy this ranch." So they went back. Bunny was dancing, both outside and inside, and Dad was figuring and planning, and neither of them bothered about the quail. "Did Mrs. Groarty ever tell you how much land there is in this ranch?" asked Dad. "She said it was a section." "We'll have to find out where it runs. And by the way, son, don't make any mistake, now, not a word to any one about oil, not even after I buy the place. It won't do any harm to get a lot of land in these here hills. You don't have to pay much for rocks." "But listen, Dad; you'll pay Mr. Watkins a fair price!" "I'll pay him a land price, but I ain't a-goin' to pay him no oil price. In the first place, he'd maybe get suspicious, and refuse to sell. He's got nothin' to do with any oil that's here—it ain't been any use to him, and wouldn't be in a million years. And besides, what use could a poor feeble-minded old fellow like that make of oil-money?" "But we don't want to take advantage of him, Dad!" "I'll see that he don't suffer; I'll just fix the money so he can't give it away to no missionaries, and I'll always take care of him, and of the children, and see they get along. But there's surely not a-goin' to be no oil-royalties! And if any of them ask you about me, son, you just say I'm in business—I trade in land, and all kinds o' stuff. Tell them I got a general store, and I buy machinery, and lend money. That's all quite true." They walked on, and Bunny began to unfold the elements of a moral problem that was to occupy him, off and on, for many years. Just what rights did the Watkinses have to the oil that lay underneath this ranch? The boy didn't say any more to his father, because he knew that his father's mind was made up, and of course he would obey his father's orders. But he debated the matter all the way until they got back to the ranch, where they saw the old man patching his goat-pen. They joined him, and after chatting about the quail for a bit, Dad remarked: "Mr. Watkins, I wonder if you'd come into the house and have a chat with me, you and your wife." And when Mr. Watkins said he would, Dad turned to Bunny, saying: "Excuse me, son—see if you can get some birds by yourself." And Bunny knew exactly what that meant—Dad thought that his son would be happier if he didn't actually witness the surgical operation whereby the pitiful Watkinses were to be separated from their six hundred and forty acres of rocks!