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The Age of Voltaire

Page 122

by Will Durant


  HERODOTUS, History, ed. Rawlinson, 4v. London, 1862.

  HEROLD, J. CHRISTOPHER, The Swiss without Halos. New York, 1948.

  HIMES, NORMAN, Medical History of Contraception. Baltimore, 1936.

  HOBHOUSE, LEONARD T., Morals in Evolution. New York, 1916.

  HOLBACH, BARON PAUL HENRI DIETRICH D’, The System of Nature, tr. H. O. Robinson, 2v. in 1. Boston, 1868.

  HOLZKNECHT, KARL, The Backgrounds of Shakespeare. New York, 1950.

  HOROWITZ, I.L., Claude Helvétius. New York, 1954.

  HUME, DAVID, Dialogues concerning Natural Religion. New York, 1948.

  _______, Enquiries concerning the Human Understanding and concerning the Principles of Morals. Oxford University Press, 1955.

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  _______, History of England, 5v. Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, n.d.

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  HUXLEY, THOMAS H., Hume. New York, 1901.

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  INGE, WILLLIAM R., Christian Mysticism. London, 1899.

  JAMES, B. B., Women of England. Philadelphia, 1908.

  JARDINE, SIR WILLIAM, The Naturalist’s Library. London, n.d.

  JAURÈ S, JEAN, Histoire socialiste de la Révolution française, 8v. Paris, 1922.

  JEFFERSON, D. W., ed., Eighteenth-Century Prose. Pelican Books, 1956.

  JOHNSON, SAMUEL, Lives of the English Poets, 2v. Everyman’s Library.

  ________, The Rambler. Everyman’s Library.

  KAVANAGH, JULIA, Woman in France during the Eighteenth Century, 2v. New York, 1893.

  KÖHLER, CARL, A History of Costume. New York, 1928.

  KOVEN, ANNA DE, Horace Walpole and Madame du Deffand. New York, 1929.

  KRUTCH, JOSEPH WOOD, Samuel Johnson. New York, 1945.

  LA BRUYÈRE and VAUVENARGUES, Selections. New York, 1903.

  LACROIX, PAUL, The Eighteenth Century in France. London: Bickers & Son, n.d.

  LA FONTAINERIE, F. DE, French Liberalism and Education in the Eighteenth Century . New York, 1932.

  LA METTRIE, JULIEN OFFROY DE, Man a Machine. Chicago, 1912.

  LANFREY, PIERRE, L’Église et les philosophes au dixhuitiéme siècle. Paris, 1857.

  LANG, ANDREW, History of Scotland, 4v. Edinburgh, 1902.

  LÁNG, P. H., Music in Western Civilization. New York, 1941.

  LANGDON-DAVIES, JOHN, Short History of Women. New York, 1927.

  LANGE, FRIEDRICH ALBERT, History of Materialism, 3v. in 1. New York, 1925.

  LANGER, WILLIAM L., Encyclopedia of World History. Boston, 1948.

  LANSON, GUSTAVE, Voltaire. Paris, 1906.

  LASKI, HAROLD, Political Thought in England, Locke to Bentham. Oxford University Press, 1950.

  LEA, HENRY C., History of the Inquisition in Spain, 4v. New York, 1906.

  __________, Superstition and Force. Philadelphia, 1892.

  LECKY, WILLIAM E., History of England in the Eighteenth Century, 8v. London, 1888.

  __________, History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism in Europe, 2v. London, 1910.

  LESAGE, ALAIN RENÉ, Adventures of Gil Blas. New York: A. L. Burt, n.d.

  LÉVY-BRUHL, LUCIEN, History of Modern Philosophy in France. Chicago, 1924.

  LEWIS, D. B. WYNDHAM, Four Favorites. New York, 1949.

  LICHTENBERGER, ANDRÉ, Le Socialisme et la Révolution française. Paris, 1899.

  LIPSON, E., Growth of English Society. London, 1949.

  LOCY, W. A., Biology and Its Makers. New York, 1915.

  __________, Growth of Biology. New York, 1925.

  LOUGH, J., ed., The Encyclopédie of Diderot and d’Alembert: Selected Articles. Cambridge, Eng., 1954.

  LOVEJOY, ARTHUR, Essays in the History of Ideas. Baltimore, 1948.

  __________, The Great Chain of Being. Cambridge, Mass., 1953.

  LÜTZOW, COUNT FRANZ VON, Bohemia. Everyman’s Library.

  MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON, Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays and Poems, 2v. New York, 1886.

  __________, Critical and Historical Essays, 2v. Everyman’s Library.

  MACKAY, CHARLES, Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds. Boston, 1932.

  MANDEVILLE, BERNARD, The Fable of the Bees. London, 1934.

  MANTOUX, PAUL, The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century. London, 1955.

  MARIVAUX, PIERRE DE, La Vie de Marianne. Paris: Charpentier, n.d.

  MARKUN, LEO, Mrs. Grundy: A History of Four Centuries of Morals. New York, 1930.

  MARMONTEL, JEAN FRANÇOIS, Memoirs, 2v. New York, n.d.

  MARTIN, HENRI, Histoire de France, 1 16v. Paris, 1865.

  MARTIN, KINGSLEY, The Rise of French Liberal Thought. New York, 1956.

  MASSON, PIERRE, La Religion de Rousseau, 3v. Paris, 1916.

  MAVERICK, L. A., China, a Model for Europe. San Antonio, Tex., 1946.

  MC CABE, JOSEPH, Candid History of the Jesuits. New York, 1913.

  MC CONNELL, FRANCIS J., John Wesley. New York: Abingdon Press, n.d.

  MC KIE, DOUGLAS, Antoine Lavoisier. New York, 1952.

  MC KINNEY, H. D., and ANDERSON, W. R., Music in History. Cincinnati, 1940.

  MESLIER, JEAN, Superstition in All Ages, or Last Will and Testament, tr. Anna Knoop. New York, 1950.

  MICHELET, JULES, Histoire de France, 5v. Paris: Hetzel & Cie., n.d.

  MITFORD, NANCY, Madame de Pompadour. New York, 1953.

  _________, Voltaire in Love. New York, 1958.

  MONROE, PAUL, Text-Book in the History of Education. New York, 1928.

  MONTAGU, LADY MARY WORTLEY, Letters and Works, 2v. London, 1893 f.

  MONTALEMBERT, CHARLES, COMTE DE, The Monks of the West, 2v. Boston: Marlier, Callanan & Co., n.d.

  MONTESQUIEU, CHARLES DE SECONDAT, BARON DE, Grandeur et décadence des Romains. Paris, 1924.

  __________, Persian Letters. London: Routledge, n.d.

  __________, The Spirit of Laws, 2v. New York, 1899.

  MOORE, F. J., History of Chemistry. New York, 1918.

  MORLEY, JOHN, Diderot and the Encyclopaedists, 2v. London, 1923.

  __________, Life of Voltaire, in Voltaire, Works (New York, 1927), Vol. XXIb.

  MORNET, DANIEL, Les Origines intellectuelles de la Révolution française. Paris, 1933.

  MOSSNER, ERNEST, Bishop Butler and the Age of Reason. New York, 1936.

  __________, Life of David Hume. Austin, Tex., 1954.

  MOUSNIER, R., and LABROUSSE, E., Le Dixhuitième siècle. Paris, 1853.

  MOWAT, R. B., The Age of Reason. Boston, 1934.

  MUSSET, ALFRED DE, Confessions of a Child of the Century. New York, 1908.

  NAGEL, ERNEST, The Structure of Science. New York, 1961.

  NAVES, RAYMOND, Voltaire et l’ Encyclopédie. Paris, 1938.

  NAWRATH, ALFRED, Austria. London, 1956.

  New Cambridge Modern History, Vol. VII. Cambridge, Eng., 1957.

  NEWTON, ISAAC, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, ed. Florian Cajori. Berkeley, Calif., 1956.

  NICOLSON, HAROLD, The Age of Reason. London, 1960.

  NOYES, ALFRED, Voltaire. New York, 1936.

  NUSSBAUM, F. L., History of the Economic Institutions of Modern Europe. New York, 1937.

  OECHSLI, WILHELM, History of Switzerland. Cambridge, Eng., 1922.

  OGG, DAVID, Europe in the Seventeenth Century. London, 1956.

  ORTEGA Y GASSET, JOSÉ, Toward a Philosophy of History. New York, 1941,

  OSBORN, HENRY FAIRFIELD, From the Greeks to Darwin. New York, 1922.

  __________, Men of the Old Stone Age. New York, 1915.

  OSLER, WILLIAM, Evolution of Modern Medicine. New Haven, 1923.

  Oxford History of Music, 7v. London, 1929 f.

  PALACHE, JOHN, Four Novelists of the Old Regime. New York, 1926.

  PALMER, R. R., Ca
tholics and Unbelievers in Eighteenth-Century France. Princeton, N.J., 1939.

  PAPPAS, JOHN N., Berthier’s Journal de Trévoux and the Philosophes. Geneva, 1957.

  PARTON, JAMES, Life of Voltaire, 2v. Boston, 1882.

  PINCHERLE, MARC, Vivaldi. New York, 1962.

  PINOT, VIRGILE, La Chine et la formation de l’esprit philosophique en France, 1640–1740. Paris, 1932.

  POMEAU, RENÉ, La Religion de Voltaire. Paris, 1958.

  POPE, ALEXANDER, Collected Poems. Everyman’s Library.

  PRATT, WALDO SELDEN, History of Music. New York, 1927.

  PRÉVOST, ANTOINE, Manon Lescaut, tr. Helen Waddell. New York, 1935.

  PUTNAM, G. H., The Censorship of the Church of Rome, 2v. New York, 1906.

  QUENNELL, MARJORIE and CHARLES, History of Everyday Things in England, 1733–1851. New York, 1934.

  QUENNELL, PETER, Caroline of England. New York, 1940.

  _________, Hogarth’s Progress. New York, 1955.

  RANKE, LEOPOLD, History of the Popes, 3v. London, 1878.

  __________, History of the Reformation in Germany. London, 1905.

  REICHWIN, A., China and Europe: Intellectual and Artistic Contacts in the Eighteenth Century. New York, 1925.

  RENARD, G., and WEULERSEE, G., Life and Work in Modern Europe. London, 1926.

  RICHARD, ERNST, History of German Civilization. New York, 1911.

  RICHARDSON, SAMUEL, Clarissa. Modern Library.

  __________, Pamela, 2v. Everyman’s Library.

  RIDDER, ANDRÉ DE, J. B. S. Chardin. Paris, 1932.

  ROBERTSON, JOHN MACKINNON, Short History of Freethought, 2v. London, 1914.

  ROBERTSON, WILLIAM, History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V, 2v. London, 1898.

  ROGERS, JAMES EDWIN THOROLD, Economic Interpretation of History. London, 1891.

  ROLLAND, ROMAIN, Musical Tour through the Land of the Past. London, 1922.

  ROUSSEAU, JEAN JACQUES, Confessions. London, n.d.

  ROWSE, A. L., The Early Churchills. New York, 1956.

  SADE, MARQUIS DE, Justine. Paris, 1791.

  SAINTE–BEUVE, CHARLES AUGUSTIN, English Portraits. New York, 1875.

  __________, Portraits of the Eighteenth Century, 2v. in 1. New York, 1905.

  SAINT– SIMON, LOUIS DE ROUVROY, DUC DE, Memoirs, 3v. London, 1901.

  SCHOENFELD, HERMANN, Women of the Teutonic Nations. Philadelphia, 1908.

  SCHUSTER, M. LINCOLN, Treasury of the World’s Great Letters. New York, 1940.

  SCHWEITZER, ALBERT, J. S. Bach, 2v. Leipzig, 1911.

  ________, Quest of the Historical Jesus. London, 1926.

  SEDGWICK, W. T., and TYLER, H. W., Short History of Science. New York, 1927.

  SÉE, HENRI, Economic and Social Conditions in France during the Eighteenth Century. New York, 1935.

  __________, Les ldées politiques en France au dixhuitième siècle. Paris, 1920.

  SÉGUR, MARQUIS P. M. M. H. DE, Julie de Lespinasse. New York, 1927.

  SHAFTESBURY, ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, 3D EARL OF, Characteristics, 2v. London, 1900.

  SIGERIST, H. E., The Great Doctors. New York, 1933.

  SIME, JAMES, Lessing, 2v. London, 1879.

  SITWELL, SACHEVERELL, German Baroque Art. New York, 1928.

  SMITH, ADAM, The Wealth of Nations, 2v. Everyman’s Library.

  SMITH, D. E., History of Mathematics, 2v. Boston, 1923.

  SMITH, PRESERVED, History of Modern Culture, 2v. New York, 1930.

  SMOLLETT, TOBIAS, Adventures of Peregrine Pickie. New York, 1936.

  __________, Humphrey Clinker. Modern Library.

  __________, Roderick Random. Everyman’s Library.

  __________, Travels through France and Italy. London, 1919.

  SOREL, ALBERT, Montesquieu. Chicago, 1888.

  SPITTA, PHILIP, Johann Sebastian Bach, 3v. in 2. New York, 1951.

  STEPHEN, LESLIE, Alexander Pope. New York, 1880.

  __________, English Literature and Society in the Eighteenth Century. London, 1904.

  __________, History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century, 2v. London, 1902.

  STRACHEY, LYTTON, Books and Characters. New York, 1922.

  __________, Portraits in Miniature. New York, 1931.

  STRYIENSKI, CASIMIR, The Eighteenth Century. London, 1916.

  SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, Folkways. Boston, 1906.

  TAINE, HIPPOLYTE, The Ancient Regime. New York, 1891.

  __________, History of English Literature. New York, 1873.

  TAWNEY, R. H., Religion and the Rise of Capitalism. New York, 1926.

  TEXTE, JOSEPH, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the Cosmopolitan Spirit in Literature. London, 1899.

  THACKERAY, WILLIAM MAKEPEACE, English Humourists. Boston: Dana, Estes & Co., n.d.

  __________, The Four Georges. Boston: Dana, Estes & Co., n.d.

  THOMPSON, JAMES W., Economic and Social History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages. New York, 1931.

  THORNTON, J. C., Table Talk from Ben Jonson to Leigh Hunt. Everyman’s Library.

  TIETZE, HANS, Treasures of the Great National Galleries. New York, 1954.

  TOCQUEVILLE, ALEXIS DE, L’ Ancien Régime. Oxford, Eng., 1927.

  TORREY, NORMAN L., The Spirit of Voltaire. New York, 1938.

  ________, Voltaire and the English Deists. New Haven, 1930.

  TOTH, KARL, Woman and Rococo in France. Philadelphia, 1931.

  TOYNBEE, ARNOLD J., A Study of History, 10v. Oxford, 1935 f.

  __________, A Study of History, Vols. I-VI, abridged by D. C. Somervell. New York, 1947.

  TRAILL, HENRY DUFF, ed., Social England, 6v. New York, 1902.

  TRATTNER, E. R., Architects of Ideas. New York, 1938.

  TRAUBEL, HORACE, With Walt Whitman in Camden. Boston, 1906.

  TREVELYAN, G. M., England under the Stuarts. New York, 1933.

  __________, English Social History. London, 1947.

  TURBERVILLE, A. S., ed., Johnson’s England, 2v. Oxford, Eng., 1952.

  TURNER, P. M., and BAKER, C. H., Stories of the French Artists. New York, 1910.

  USHER, ABBOTT P., History of Mechanical Inventions. New York, 1929.

  VARTANIAN, ARAM, Diderot and Descartes. Princeton, N.J., 1953.

  VAUVENARGUES, LUC DE CLAPIERS, MARQUIS DE, Oeuvres choisies. Paris: Gamier, n.d.

  VILLARI, PASQUALE, Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, 2v. in 1. New York: Scribner’s, n.d.

  VOLTAIRE, Age of Louis XIV. Everyman’s Library.

  ________, Age of Louis XV, 2v. Glasgow, 1771.

  __________, Correspondance, ed. Theodore Besterman, 59v. Geneva, 1950 f.

  __________, History of Charles XII. Everyman’s Library.

  __________, Lettres d’ Alsace à sa nièce Mme Denis. Paris, 1938.

  __________, Lettres d’ amour de Voltaire à sa nièce, ed. Theodore Besterman. Paris, 1957. English edition, Love Letters of Voltaire to His Niece, London, 1958.

  __________, Notebooks, ed. Theodore Besterman, 2v. Geneva, 1952.

  __________, Oeuvres complètes. Paris, 1825 f.

  __________, Philosophical Dictionary, in Works, Vols. III-VI.

  __________, Romans, 2v. Paris: Flammarion, n.d.

  __________, Selected Works, ed. Joseph McCabe. London, 1911.

  __________, Works, 44v. in 22. New York, 1927.

  ________, and FREDERICK THE GREAT, Letters, tr. Richard Aldington. New York, 1927.

  WADE, IRA, Studies in Voltaire. Princeton, N.J., 1947.

  __________, Voltaire and Madame du Châtelet. Princeton, N.J., 1941.

  WALPOLE, HORACE, Letters, ed. Peter Cunningham, 9v. London, 1880.

  __________, Memoires of the Last Ten Years of the Reign of George the Second, 2v. London, 1822.

  WALISZEWSKI, K., The Romance of an Empress: Catherine II of Russia. New York, 1929.

  WEBB, SIDNEY and BEATRICE, History of Trade Unionism. New York, 1920.

  WEINSTOCK, HERBERT, Handel. New York, 1959.

  WESLEY, JOHN, The
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  WESTERMARCK, EDVARD A., The Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas, 2v. London, 1924.

  ________, A Short History of Marriage. New York, 1926.

  WHARTON, GRACE and PHILIP, The Wits and Beaux of Society, 2v. Philadelphia, 1860.

  WHITE, ANDREW, History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom, 2v. New York, 1929.

  WHITEHEAD, ALFRED NORTH, Science in the Modern World. New York, 1926.

  WICKWAR, W. H., Baron d’Holbach. London, 1935.

  WILENSKI, R. H., English Painting. London, 1946.

  WILHELMINE, MARGRAVINE OF BAYREUTH, Memoirs. London, 1887.

  WILLEY, BASIL, The Eighteenth-Century Background. London, 1949.

  WILLIAMS, HENRY SMITH, History of Science, 5v. New York, 1909.

  WILSON, ARTHUR M., Diderot: The Testing Years, 1713–59. New York, 1957.

  WINGFIELD— STRATFORD, ESME, History of British Civilization. London, 1948.

  WOLF, A., History of Science, Technology, and Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century. New York, 1939.

  WOODS, GEORGE, WATT, HOMER, and ANDERSON, GEORGE, The Literature of England, 2v. Chicago, 1936.

  World Christian Handbook. London, 1957.

  WORMELEY, KATHARINE PRESCOTT, Correspondence of Madame, Princess Palatine, … Marie Adélaïde de Savoie, … and Madame de Maintenon … Boston, 1902.

  Index

  Dates in parentheses following a name are of birth and death except when preceded by r., when they indicate duration of reign for popes and rulers of states. A single date preceded by fl. denotes a floruit. A footnote is indicated by an asterisk. Italicized page numbers indicate principal treatment. All dates are A.D. unless otherwise noted.

  Aachen, 237, 381

  Aargau, 474

  abbés commendataires, 22

  Abbeville, 262, 733–35, 742, 772

  Abélard, Pierre (1079–1142), 167, 780

  Aberdeen, 590

  Aberdeen, University of, 108, 201

  Abjuration, Oath of, 105

  abolition movement, 68

  Abrégé de l’histoire générale (Voltaire), 471, 484

  absolute zero, 517

  absolutism, see despotism

  Académie de Chirurgie, 598

  Académie de Musique, Paris, 296, 297

  Académie de St.-Luc, Paris, 310

  Académie des Sciences, see Académie Royale des Sciences

  Académie Française, see French Academy

  Académie Royale de France, Rome, 314

  Académie Royale de l’Architecture, 19, 327

  Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, 26, 27, 308

 

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