Nine Lives: My time as the West's top spy inside al-Qaeda
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34. Ibn Hajar: 4309.
35. Adnani, ‘And Those Who Were to Live Might Live after a Clear Evidence’, 21 May 2016.
36. Mohammed Jamjoum, ‘Amnesty details “horrific abuses” in southern Yemen’, CNN, 4 December 2012.
37. Adnani, audio statement, ‘Indeed Your Lord is Ever Watchful’, released 21 September 2014.
38. Cole Bunzel, ‘Caliphate in Disarray: Theological Turmoil in the Islamic State’, Jihadica, 3 October 2017; Rukmini Callimachi, ‘ISIS Enshrines a Theology of Rape’, New York Times, 13 August 2015; ‘Islamic State (ISIS) Releases Pamphlet On Female Slaves’, MEMRI, 3 December 2014; Dabiq, Issue 4, October 2014; ‘Slave-Girls or Prostitutes’, Dabiq, Issue 9, May 2015.
39. Atika Shubert, Bharati Naik and Bryony Jones, ‘Convert or die: ISIS chief’s former slave says he beat her, raped US hostage’, CNN, 11 September 2015; Rukmini Callimachi, ‘ISIS Enshrines a Theology of Rape’, New York Times, 13 August 2015; James Gordon Meek, ‘ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Sexually Abused American Hostage Kayla Mueller, Officials Say’, ABC News, 14 August 2015.
40. Yara Bayoumy, ‘How Saudi Arabia’s War in Yemen has made al-Qaeda Stronger and Richer’, Reuters, 8 April 2016; Michael Horton, ‘Fighting the Long War: The Evolution of Al Qa`ida In the Arabian Peninsula’, CTC Sentinel 10:1 (2017); Bruce Hoffman, ‘The resurgence of Al-Qaeda’, The interpreter, Lowy Institute, 13 March 2018.
41. James Novogrod, ‘Al-Qaeda in Syria: Our Focus is Assad, Not West’, NBC News, 27 May 2015; Thomas Joscelyn, ‘Analysis: Al Nusrah Front ‘‘committed’’ to Ayman al Zawahiri’s ‘‘orders” ’, Long War Journal, 29 May 2015; Charles Lister, ‘The Dawn of Mass Jihad: Success in Syria Fuels al-Qa`ida’s Evolution’, CTC Sentinel 9:9 (2016).
42. Ali Soufan, ‘Hamza bin Ladin: From Steadfast Son to Al-Qa`ida’s Leader in Waiting’, CTC Sentinel 10:8 (2017).
43. Eric Schmitt and Saeed al-Batati, ‘The U.S. Has Pummeled Al Qaeda in Yemen. But the Threat Is Barely Dented’, New York Times, 30 December 2017; Ayman al-Zawahiri, ‘America is the First Enemy of the Muslims’, As-Sahab, 20 March 2018.
44. For more on al-Asiri’s plots, see Paul Cruickshank, Nic Robertson and Tim Lister, ‘Al-Qaeda’s Biggest Threat’, CNN, 16 February 2012.
45. Sammy Salama, ‘Special Report: Manual for producing chemical weapon to be used in New York subway plot available on al-Qaeda websites since late 2005’, WMD Insights Issue 7, July–August 2006, pp. 2–5.
46. Mohammed Mousa, ‘Al-Mubtakkar: A Chemical weapon to target institutions was among the evidence against Ansar al-Sharia’, Al Wafd, 21 October 2015. goo.gl/oofUVJ; ‘A deadly chemical weapon among the evidence against “Ansar al-Sharia Brigade”’, Albawaba News, 21 October 2015. http://www.albawabhnews.com/1562303; Nermin Suleiman, ‘Within the evidence against Ansar al-Sharia: Chemical weapon to threaten discotheques and cinemas’, Dotmsr, 21 October 2015. goo.gl/KtRQNs.
47. Columb Strack, ‘The Evolution of the Islamic State’s Chemical Weapons Efforts’, CTC Sentinel 10:9 (2017); Gareth Browne, ‘Isis tests deadly terror chemicals on live victims’, The Times, 20 May 2017.
48. Eric Schmitt, ‘ISIS Used Chemical Arms at Least 52 Times in Syria and Iraq, Report Says’, New York Times, 21 November 2016.
49. Paul Maley, ‘From Syria to Sydney: how the airport terror plot unfolded’, The Australian, 5 August 2017; Australian Police National Media Press Conference, 4 August 2017; Andrew Zammit, ‘New Developments in the Islamic State’s External Operations: the 2017 Sydney Plane Plot’, CTC Sentinel 10:9 (2017).
50. See Rukmini Callimachi, ‘Not “Lone Wolves” After All: How ISIS Guides World’s Terror Plots From Afar’, New York Times, 5 February 2017; Seamus Hughes and Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens, ‘The Threat to the United States from the Islamic State’s Virtual Entrepreneurs’, CTC Sentinel 10:3 (2017).
51. Paul Cruickshank, ‘Discarded laptop yields revelations on network behind Paris, Brussels attacks’, CNN, 25 January 2017; Scott Bronstein, Nicole Gaouette, Laura Koran and Clarissa Ward, ‘ISIS planned for more operatives, targets during Paris attacks’, CNN, 5 September 2016.
52. Ian Cobain, Kevin Rawlinson, Vikram Dodd and Damien Gayle, ‘Iraqi teenager appears in court accused of Parsons Green bombing’, Guardian, 22 September 2017; ‘Parsons Green Tube bombing: Teenager Ahmed Hassan jailed for life’, BBC News, 23 March 2018.
53. Eric Schmitt, ‘In Battle to Defang ISIS, U.S. targets its Psychology’, New York Times, 28 December 2014.
54. George W. Bush, ‘The National Security Strategy of the United States of America’, the White House, March 2006, p. 9.
55. Schmitt, op. cit.
56. ‘TEXT-UK Prime Minister May’s statement following London attack’, Reuters, 4 June 2017.
57. Lauren Markoe, ‘Muslim Scholars Release Open Letter To Islamic State Meticulously Blasting Its Ideology’, Religion News Service, 24 September 2014. ‘Open Letter to Dr Ibrahim Awwad al-Badri, alias ‘‘Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi,’’ and to the Fighters and Followers of the Self-Declared ‘‘Islamic State” ’, 19 September 2014. The full letter can be viewed here: http://www.lettertobaghdadi.com/14/english-v14.pdf.
58. Labib al-Nahhas, ‘The deadly consequences of mislabelling Syria’s revolutionaries’, Washington Post, 10 July 2015.
59. Paul Cruickshank, ‘A View from the CT Foxhole: An Interview with Alain Grignard’, CTC Sentinel 8:8 (2015).
60. Efraim Benmelech and Esteban F. Klor, ‘What Explains the Flow of Foreign Fighters to ISIS?’ NBER Working Paper No. 22190, April 2016, Table 5, p. 20.
61. Andrew Higgins, ‘Belgium Confronts the Jihadist Danger Within’, New York Times, 24 January 2015.
62. Guy Van Vlierden, ‘Profile: Paris Attack Ringleader Abdelhamid Abaaoud’, CTC Sentinel 8:11 (2015).
63. Simon Cottee, ‘Reborn Into Terrorism: Why are so many ISIS recruits ex-cons and converts?’, Atlantic Monthly, 25 January 2016.
64. Andrew Higgins and Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura, ‘A Brussels Mentor Who Taught Gangster Islam to the Young and Angry’, New York Times, 11 April 2016. https://www.counterextremism.com/extremists/khalid-zerkani; Pieter Van Ostaeyen, ‘Belgian Radical Networks and the Road to the Brussels Attacks’, CTC Sentinel 9:6 (2016).
65. Ibn Taymiyyah, ‘Al-Amr bil Ma`ruf’.
66. Koran 21:30.
67. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Sermon at the al-Nuri mosque in Mosul, video posted by ISIS, 5 July 2014.
68. Koran 5:13.
69. Koran 7:199.
70. Koran 16: 125.
71. Koran 17:33.
72. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, ‘March Forth Whether Light or Heavy’, 14 May 2015.
73. Abu Muhammad al-Adnani, ‘Say, Die in Your Rage’, 26 January 2015.
74. Koran 22:107; Open letter to al-Baghdadi, op.cit., p. 2.
75. Naser al-Wasimi, ‘New Saudi Body to Discredit Terrorist Use of Islamic Teachings’, The National, 19 October 2017.
76. This was quoted in ‘An Open Letter to al-Baghdadi’, op. cit., p. 17.
77. Bukhari: 4770. Khawarij derives from the Arabic word kharaja – ‘to go out’ or ‘to leave’ the main body of Muslims.
78. Muslim: 2937.
79. Naim Qassem, Hizbullah: The Story from Within (Saqi Books, Kindle Edition, 2012) ch. 7 (last page).
80. Koran 5:8.
Index
References to footnotes are indicated by fn.
Abaaoud, Abdelhamid 401
Abbasid dynasty 68, 87fn, 404fn
Abu Ghraib prison 300, 338
Abu Hamza, see Hamza al-Masri, Abu
Abu Khabab, see Khabab al-Masri, Abu
Abyan Faction of the Islamic Army of Aden 150
al-Adel, Saif 213, 242fn
al-Adnani, Abu Muhammad 386, 387fn, 389, 403
Afghanistan 4, 5, 9, 20, 56–7, 393
and Bin Laden 66–8
and camps 109–13, 126–7, 204–6
and Hekmatyar 69–71
and Herat 213–14
and intelligence 178–80,
184–5
and Iraq 308–9
and jihad 208–9
and al-Qaeda 391
and Soviet invasion 15, 16–17, 381
and Taliban 54–5, 71–3
and US invasion 241, 242
and al-Zawahiri 52–3
see also Darunta; Jalalabad; Kabul; Kandahar; Taliban
Ahmad, Babar 36, 151, 163, 165, 199
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud 411
Ahrar al-Sham 362, 365, 398
Algeria 12, 20, 158
Ali, Bassam 262fn
Allah, Assad 100fn
Ansar al-Shariah 391, 394fn
al-Ansi, Naser 44fn
Antichrist 87, 89fn, 221, 385
apostates 31, 268
Arab Spring 338–9, 391
Arif, Said 155, 156, 157, 171–2, 182, 360fn
Armed Islamic Group (GIA) 158, 171fn
Armitage, Richard 289
al-Asiri, Ibrahim 394
al-Assad, Bashar 123, 341, 366, 367, 371
al-Assad, Hafez 123
Atta, Mohamed 223, 224, 242
Australia 229–32, 395
Awakening Councils 334
al-Awlaki, Anwar 219fn, 290–2, 407
al-Ayeri, Yusuf 12–13, 41–2, 43, 64, 112–13, 257–8
and Saudi Arabia 243, 251, 270–1
Azerbaijan 48–53
Azzam, Abdullah 344, 348
Baath Party 381
Badat, Saajid 164, 187
al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr 90fn, 336–7, 385, 387, 402, 403
and Syria 341fn, 342
al-Baghdadi, Abu Omar 336
Bahrain 1, 2, 3–4, 6, 143–5, 247–51
and al-Baluchi 310–11
and poison gas plot 261–2, 263, 274–5, 276, 277–89
al-Bahraini, Abu Khalil (nephew) 276–7, 341–2, 350–1, 356–60, 370, 371
Bakri Mohammed, Omar 160–1, 164
al-Baluchi, Abu Hafs 268–70, 310, 311–13, 334, 336–7
al-Baluchi, Issa and Jamal 262fn
barrel bombs 363–4
Basayev, Shamil 196, 201
al-Battar, Saif, see al-Ayeri, Yusuf
bayat (oath of allegiance) 94, 95–7
Begin, Menachem 380
beheadings 38–9, 267, 294
Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine 341
Berg, Nick 267
Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali 380
Bigley, Ken 293, 294, 300–1
Bin Laden, Hamza 385, 392
Bin Laden, Mariam Mohameed Awad 113
Bin Laden, Osama 1, 16, 20, 41, 43fn, 241
and Afghanistan 64–8
and Egypt 84–5
and Hekmatyar 54
and Jerusalem 90
and Iraq 268, 295
and al-Madani 166
and oath of allegiance 93–7
and 9/11 attacks 224
and Saudi Arabia 63–4, 243, 270–1, 380
and al-Suri 123–4, 125, 126, 219, 222
and Taliban 72, 190
and USA 110–11, 120
and al-Zarqawi 213
and al-Zawahiri 50, 52
Binali, Turki 272, 373, 385, 390
and fatwah 329, 331, 333
Binalshibh, Ramzi 44fn
biological weapons 105
black banners 68, 86, 87, 384
Blagojevic´, Zoran 38fn
Blair, Tony 167, 202–3, 236, 293, 309
Blunkett, David 160fn
Bojinka plot 42
Bokhowa, Bassam 262, 283–4
bomb-making 83, 98–102, 104–5, 188–90, 375
and al-Asiri 394
and al-Zarqawi 207
Bosnia 4, 16, 17, 21–47, 75–6
Boston Marathon bombing 384fn
botulinum 103–4
Brennan, John 396
al-Britani, Abu Abdullah 385
al-Britani, Abu Hudhaifa 62fn, 235
al-Britani, Muslim, see Muslim, Abu
British intelligence, see MI5; MI6
British Muslims 163–5, 291–2
Brussels attacks 395
Bush, George W. 130fn, 239fn, 259, 263, 321
Caliphate 30–1, 89–90, 385, 386, 388
Camp David Peace Treaty 380
Carter, Jimmy 380
Caucasus 47, 48, 49, 51fn, 52
Chechnya 47, 49, 50, 51–2, 53, 165, 196–203
chemical weapons 8, 102–4, 105–6, 133–5, 154, 367; see also nicotine; poison gas
Cheney, Dick 261, 281, 321–2, 323
China 342–3, 348, 351–6, 393
Christians 388, 389
CIA 259, 262–3, 321–3
Clinton, Bill 127fn, 186
Cole, USS 155fn, 238
communications 395
counter-terrorism 166, 395
Croatia 25
Cuba 124–5
Dabiq 385
Daesh, see Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
Dagestan 49, 50, 51–2, 196, 197
Darunta 57–62, 97–8, 187–90
Dayton Accords 44–5, 46, 47
al-Deek, Khalil bin Saeed 62fn, 128, 129, 130, 131
Doli, Ahmed 76–7
dreams 94, 98, 101, 186, 208
drones 314, 334, 336, 373, 375
Dubai 254, 276, 356–8
Dudley 291–2, 298, 303–5
al-Durrani, Moheddin (brother) 15, 22–3, 107–9, 183–4, 262, 263, 331–3, 358–9
and Bahrain 248–50, 282, 283
and al-Baluchi 269, 310, 311
and intelligence 244–5
and Syria 341–2
al-Durrani, Omar (brother) 15–16, 45–6, 247–8
Egypt 19, 20, 27, 101–2, 380
and jihad 50, 339–40
and al-Qaeda 84–5, 222
Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) 50, 51, 52, 64, 118fn
encryption apps 395
espionage 1–2, 83, 170–1, 178–85, 215–16
and Fort Monckton 302–3
and leak that ended Dean’s spy career 315–26
Europe 174–5, 219–20, 399–401
al-Fahd, Nasir bin Hamid 264–5
Fahd of Saudi Arabia, King 410
fatwahs 2, 121–2, 257, 264–5, 328–31, 333–4
Fezzani, Moez, see al-Tunisi, Abu Nassim
al-Fidaa, Abu 174–5
al-Filistini, Abdul Rasheed 130–1
al-Filistini, Abu Walid 171, 172, 199, 236
Finsbury Park mosque 62fn, 100, 114, 150, 158–9
FIS (Islamic Salvation Front) 12
Fort Monckton 302–3, 324
Four Feathers Club 156–7
France 139, 140, 141, 142, 395, 400
Free Syrian Army 362, 365, 369
fundamentalism 54, 377, 378, 398, 399
funding 172–4, 175, 311–12, 336–7
Gadahn, Adam 131–2, 204–5, 329
Gadhafi, Col Muammar 119
Gama al-Islamiya 27–8
Germany 174–5
Ghalain, Mohsin 149, 150
al-Ghamdi, Abu Hamza 84–8, 90, 92, 93–4, 96, 124
and jihad 111, 121
and London 157
and missions 113–14
and nuclear weapons 105
Ghul, Hassan 98–9, 104, 133, 134, 188, 270fn
governance 408–9
Great Britain 142, 171–2; see also London
Grignard, Alain 400
Guantánamo Bay 55fn, 241
hadith (prophecies) 10, 19–20, 41, 383–7, 403–6
and Arab Spring 339
and al-Ghamdi 85–6, 87
and al-Qaeda 89–92
and al-Suri 221–2
and Syria 368–9
al-Hajj, Khalid 14, 16–17, 21–2, 23–4, 36–7, 39, 43
and arrest 136
and intelligence 186–7
and the Philippines 74, 76, 80
and Saudi Arabia 251, 252, 270–2
al-Hakim, Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir 267–8
Hamad al-Khalifa of Bahrain, King 281
Hamas 188, 189, 261, 262
/>
Hamza al-Masri, Abu 44fn, 62fn, 99–100, 158–60, 314
and Yemen 146, 149–50
Hanif, Mohammed 56
Harakat al-Jihad 211
Haramain Foundation 48, 49–50
Hassan, Ahmed 396
hate crime 398
hawala (money transfer) 172–4
al-Hawali, Safar 20
al-Hayali, Abu Zubayr 43fn, 162
Haykel, Bernard 406
al-Hazmi, Nawaf 44fn
Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin 54, 55, 58, 69–70, 71, 84
Hezb-e-Islami 54, 56
Hezbollah 8, 366, 410
Holocaust 90, 106
hostage-taking 60–1, 150, 160, 292–4, 385
House of Saud 67, 125, 187, 223, 379, 384
and Bin Laden 64, 271
and Trump 393
Ibn Nahhas 291
Ibn Taymiyyah 20–1, 121–2
Ibrahim, see al-Bahraini, Abu Khalil
imams 164–5, 398, 399
immigrants 163, 174, 399–400
Indonesia 80fn
Inspire (magazine) 219fn
Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) 54, 55, 210, 225–9
Internet 165, 407–8
Iran 8–9, 268–70, 275–6, 336, 410
and 1979 Revolution 378–9
Iraq 4, 8, 10–11, 260, 381, 394, 395
and Fallujah 296–7, 299
and invasion 264, 265–6
and jihad 340
and war 310–11
and Zarqawi 266–8, 292–5
see also Islamic State in Iraq
al-Iraqi, Abdul Hadi 193
ISI, see Inter-Services Intelligence; or in other contexts Islamic State of Iraq
ISIS, see Islamic State in Iraq and Syria
Islam 4–5, 7–10, 11–14, 16–21, 163–5
and allegiance 400–1
and apocalypse 376
and China 342–3
and ideology 168–9, 396–9
and struggles 377–8
see also British Muslims; jihad; Koran; Shia Islam; Sunni Islam
Islamic Awareness Circle 12–14
Islamic Centre (London) 152
Islamic State in Iraq (ISI) 334, 336–8
Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 4, 29, 267, 338–9, 362
and banner 68
and hadith 383–8, 403–4, 405–6
and ideology 376, 378, 388–9, 396, 397–8
and Iraq 334, 336
and the Philippines 81fn
and al-Qaeda 391–2
and Syria 342, 367–8, 369
and technology 407–8
and women 389–90
and al-Zarqawi 214