A Dangerous Woman
Page 37
14 Sylvia Kahan, Music’s Modern Muse: A Life of Winnaretta Singer, Princesse de Polignac (Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2003), 100; cf. Barbara W. Tuchman, The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World Before the War, 1890–1914 (New York: Macmillan, 1966), 202.
15 http://interactive.ancestry.com/1174/USM1490_235-0394?pid=490830&backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.ancestry.com%2f%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3findiv%3d1%26db%3dUSpassports%26h%3d490830%26tid%3d%26pid%3d%26usePUB%3dtrue%26rhSource%3d60525&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true, Charles Gerson Loeb’s passport application dated January 13, 1915, made at the U.S. embassy in Paris.
16 Nancy L. Green, The Other Americans in Paris: Businessmen, Countesses, Wayward Youth, 1880–1941 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Kindle Edition, 2014), 1055–1068.
17 https://www.newspapers.com/image/82685583/?terms=M%2BV%2BLacaze, San Francisco Call, March 16, 1911, 8.
18 Email correspondence between the author and the California State Archives, regarding the probate of Maximin Lacaze. The probate had been assumed as lost by the archives in the aftermath of the San Francisco earthquake, but as I pointed out to them, Lacaze did not die until five years later. It is probable that he had borrowed a great deal of money from his cousin Louis Lacaze to reestablish his business, and as Maximin had not yet repaid all of it, cousin Louis laid a legal claim to the estate.
3. La Parisienne
1 http://www.jstor.org/stable/42630841?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#page_scan_tab_contents, Anne Dymond, RACAR (Revue d’art Canadienne), Vol. 36, No. 2, 2011, “Embodying the Nation: Art, Fashion, and Allegorical Women at the 1900 Exposition Universelle,” 2–6.
2 Ibid., 7.
3 My thanks to Sir James Bulmer for sharing the private correspondence of Helena Rubinstein from this period.
4 http://thesalonniere.com/salonnieres-in-history/Natalie Clifford Barney.
5 Edwin P. Hoyt, The Goulds: A Social History (New York: Weybright and Talley, 1969), 147–159.
6 Ibid., 210–211.
7 Ibid., 148.
8 Michael de Cossart, The Food of Love: Princesse Edmond de Polignac (1865–1943) and Her Salon (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1978), 21–22.
9 Ibid., 89.
10 Ibid., 85.
11 Sylvia Kahan, Music’s Modern Muse: A Life of Winnaretta Singer, Princesse de Polignac (Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2003), 96.
4. War and the Boy Next Door
1 https://www.newspapers.com/image/80732331/?terms=%22Florence%2BLacaze%22, Oakland Tribune, December 11, 1914, 18.
2 Gilles Cornut-Gentille and Philippe Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould: Une Américaine à Paris (Paris: Mercure de France, 1989), 30.
3 http://interactive.ancestry.com/1174/USM1372_537-0564/1081863?backurl=http://person.ancestry.com/tree/82308498/person/46462901543/facts/citation/323180357152/edit/record#?imageId=USM1372_537-0564. The Ancestry file misstates Manfred H. Heynemann’s given name as “Manford” based on the misreading of his handwriting.
4 Cornut-Gentille and Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould, 30–31; Charles Castle, The Folies-Bergère (London: Methuen, 1982), 69–70.
5 Cornut-Gentille and Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould, 31.
6 Barbara W. Tuchman, The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World Before the War: 1890–1914 (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1965), 459.
7 Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 217.
8 Tuchman, The Proud Tower, 459, 461.
9 John Baxter, Paris at the End of the World: The City of Light During the Great War, 1914–1918 (New York: Harper Perennial, 2014), 142.
10 https://www.newspapers.com/image/80732331/?terms=%22Florence%2BLacaze%22, Oakland Tribune, December 11, 1914, 18.
11 The image of Florence portrayed here comes directly from a photograph reproduced in Cornut-Gentille and Michel-Thiriet’s book, Florence Gould, which is in the Florence Gould Foundation’s possession but was not made available to me.
12 Cornut-Gentille and Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould, 31–32.
13 Ibid., 32–33, 36.
14 www.jstor.org/stable/1105586, Charles G. Loeb, The Virginia Law Register, Virginia Law Review, Vol. 18, No. 11, March 1913, 802.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid., 35–36
17 Levenstein, Seductive Journey, 217.
5. Young Mrs. Heynemann
1 http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/panama-canal-open-to-traffic.
2 https://www.newspapers.com/image/27553000/?terms=Florence%2BHeynemann, San Francisco Chronicle, November 10, 1914, 1.
3 https://www.newspapers.com/image/82092303/?terms=Florence%2BHeynemann, Oakland Tribune, November 19, 1914, 16.
4 Ibid.
5 https://www.newspapers.com/image/80732331/?terms=Florence%2BHeynemann, Oakland Tribune, December 11, 1914, 18.
6 https://www.newspapers.com/image/80757537/?terms=Henry%2BC.%2BHeynemann, Oakland Tribune, April 17, 1915, 9.
7 Gilles Cornut-Gentille and Philippe Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould: Une Américaine à Paris (Paris: Mercure de France, 1989), 39–40. In verifying her statement to friends and her biographers, I wrote to the Conservatoire de Paris concerning its records of Florence’s attendance. I was surprised, but not shocked, to learn that she had never attended the Conservatoire under the names Lacaze, Heynemann, or Gould, nor had she ever given them a penny in charitable contributions.
8 www.jstor.org/stable/1105586, Charles G. Loeb, The Virginia Law Register, Virginia Law Review, Vol. 18, No. 11, March 1913, 803.
9 www.oedonline.com “butterfly.”
10 https://www.newspapers.com/image/27592141/?terms=Henry%2BC.%2BHeynemann, San Francisco Chronicle, August 12, 1916, 1. The italics are my own.
11 Ibid.
12 Cornut-Gentille and Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould, 38. The biography wrongly states that the divorce occurred in 1917. The year of the divorce according to California state records was 1916.
6. Home Again, War, and Folies
1 Gilles Cornut-Gentille and Philippe Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould: Une Américaine à Paris (Paris: Mercure de France, 1989), 40.
2 Sylvia Kahan, Music’s Modern Muse: A Life of Winnaretta Singer, Princesse de Polignac (Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2003), 193–194; cf. Winnaretta Singer de Polignac’s letter to Marie Curie, July 30, 1915, BNF-Mss, MF2663:95.
3 Ibid., 194.
4 Cornut-Gentille and Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould, 39.
5 Ernst Jünger, Second Journal Parisien: Journal III, 1943–1945 (Paris: Christian Bourgois, 1980), 18.
6 I thank Dr. Matthew Balerdi for this insight.
7 John Baxter, Paris at the End of the World: The City of Light During the Great War 1914–1918 (New York: Harper Perennial), 234.
8 Ibid., 152–153.
9 Ibid.,154–158.
10 https://www.newspapers.com/image/27444148/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, San Francisco Chronicle, September 14, 1919, 3.
11 Cornut-Gentille and Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould, 40.
12 Charles Castle, The Folies-Bergère (London: Methuen, 1982), 99.
13 Ibid., 105.
14 Ibid., 83–91.
15 Ibid., 108.
7. The Man They Call “Franck”
1 https://www.newspapers.com/image/32470762/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Wall Street Journal, July 28, 1911, 1. At the time Gould was president of the Old Dominion Iron and Nail Works of Virginia, and all the accused were indicted on the grounds of “
restraint of trade.”
2 https://www.newspapers.com/image/76003442/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Washington Herald, February 23, 1913, 27.
3 Edwin P. Hoyt, The Goulds: A Social History (New York: Weybright & Talley, 1969), 1–6.
4 Ibid., 19–21.
5 Ibid., 22–23.
6 Ibid., 26–45.
7 Author interview with Howard Zar at Lyndhurst, January 2016.
8 Hoyt, The Goulds, 131–132.
9 Ibid., 138–139.
10 Gilles Cornut-Gentille and Philippe Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould: Une Américaine à Paris (Paris: Mercure de France, 1989), 62.
11 https://www.newspapers.com/image/20493262/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ%2BGould%22, New York Times, February 11, 1901, 5.
12 Ibid., 236.
13 https://www.newspapers.com/image/20424801/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ%2BGould%22, New York Times, January 27, 1909, 10.
14 https://www.newspapers.com/image/20315431/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ%2BGould%22, New York Times, February 24, 1909, 16.
15 https://www.newspapers.com/image/31566463/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Washington Post, November 3, 1910, 1.
16 https://books.google.com/books?id=9QfSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA774&lpg=PA774&dq=history+of+le+robillard&source=bl&ots=I2bQNOtonh&sig=Cbfoy5tzFZ0cOH4_bOLiHE444H8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwilp-CigsjOAhXMQyYKHZg7BFQQ6AEIQjAH#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20le%20robillard&f=false, The Fortnightly Review, Vol. CVI, new series, July to December 1919, 773.
17 https://www.newspapers.com/image/31565143/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Washington Post, October 11, 1910, 9; https://www.newspapers.com/image/80694239/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Washington Post, August 1, 1910, 8; https://www.newspapers.com/image/78323324/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Oregan Daily Journal, October 2, 1910, 34; https://www.newspapers.com/image/28891190/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Washington Post, July 12, 1910, 9.
18 https://www.newspapers.com/image/20565651/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, New York Times, July 12, 1911; Hoyt, The Goulds: A Social History, 256.
19 Hoyt, The Goulds: A Social History, 282–283.
20 https://www.newspapers.com/image/80716023/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Washington Times, December 18, 1918, 25.
21 https://www.newspapers.com/image/27444148/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, San Francisco Chronicle, September 14, 1919, 3.
22 William Wiser, The Crazy Years: Paris in the Twenties (London: Thames & Hudson, 1983), 15.
8. Taming All Those Monsters
1 Edwin P. Hoyt, The Goulds: A Social History (New York: Weybright & Talley, 1969), 279–281.
2 Ibid., 257–259.
3 http://www.williamwhitepapers.com/pr/AddictionTreatment&RecoveryInAmerica.pdf; catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2002073459.pdf, Library of Congress “Treatment of Drinking Problems.”
4 https://www.newspapers.com/image/50647527/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Evening World, May 8, 1919, 1.
5 http://ezproxy.nypl.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/103129428?accountid=35635, New York Times; https://www.newspapers.com/image/50647527/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Evening World, May 8, 1919, 1–2.
6 https://www.newspapers.com/image/79060531/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Evening World, May 3, 1921), 1.
7 http://ezproxy.nypl.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/103129428?accountid=35635, New York Times, November 3, 1921, 5
8 https://www.newspapers.com/image/28930918/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Washington Post, January 21, 1921, 2; https://www.newspapers.com/image/35577856/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Times Herald, February 2, 1921, 13.
9 https://www.newspapers.com/image/26755054/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, New York Times, May 26, 1921, 3.
10 https://www.newspapers.com/search/#query=%22Frank+J.+Gould%22&dr_year=1921-1927&offset=12&p_place=NY,CA,DC, New-York Tribune, August 20, 1921, 5.
11 https://www.newspapers.com/image/100119106/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, New-York Tribune, October 8, 1921, 7.
12 https://www.newspapers.com/image/31545981/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Washington Post, December 1, 1921, 16.
13 Library of Congress, New York World-Telegram and Sun Collection, March 13, 1922 article. The photograph describing “Miss Edith Kelly who is said to have the highest kick in the world” was part of the article.
14 Gilles Cornut-Gentille and Philippe Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould: Une Américaine à Paris (Paris: Mercure de France, 1989), 40–41.
15 Ibid.
16 Sylvia Kahan, Music’s Modern Muse: A Life of Winnaretta Singer, Princesse de Polignac (Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2003), 107.
17 Ibid., 116, 200, 316.
18 Hoyt, The Goulds: A Social History, 251.
19 https://www.newspapers.com/image/34595017/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Wall Street Journal, October 25, 1923, 3.
20 https://www.newspapers.com/image/27597881/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, San Francisco Chronicle, October 3, 1923, 2.
21 https://www.newspapers.com/image/157868976/?terms=%22Frank%2BJ.%2BGould%22, Los Angeles Times, March 24, 1924, 11.
9. Leaving the Perfumed Air of Bohemia
1 Amanda Vaill, Everybody Was So Young: Gerald and Sara Murphy, A Lost Generation Love Story (New York: Warner Books, 1999), 102–103.
2 Ibid., 103; cf. Jean Louis de Faucigny-Lucinge, Un gentilhomme cosmopolite (Paris: Perrin, 1990), 105.
3 Janet Flanner, Paris Was Yesterday 1925–1939 (London: Virago Modern Classics, 2003), 3.
4 Ibid., xiii.
5 Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998), 213.
6 Ibid., 248.
7 Ibid., 198–199, for Twain quote; John Baxter, We’ll Always Have Paris: Sex and Love in the City of Light (London: Doubleday, 2005), 85.
8 Ernest Hemingway, On Paris, (London: Hespersus, 2013), 3.
9 Levenstein, Seductive Journey, 212.
10 Gilles Cornut-Gentille and Philippe Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould: Une Américaine à Paris (Paris: Mercure de France, 1989), 62; cf. Jean Chalon, Florence et Louise les Magnifiques (Paris: Le Rocher, 1987), 46.
10. Careless People
1 Mary Blume, Côte d’Azur: Inventing the French Riviera (London: Thames & Hudson, 1992), 30.
2 Ted Jones, The French Riviera: A Literary Guide for Travellers (London: Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2007), 165–166.
3 Gilles Cornut-Gentille and Philippe Michel-Thiriet, Florence Gould: Une Américaine à Paris (Paris: Mercure de France, 1989), 67.
4 Ibid., 64–65.
5 AMC; Pierre Galante and Annie Michel Gall, Les Années Américaines (Paris: JC Lattès, 1985), 222. This book is an interesting account of Gerald Spalding’s encounters with many of the rich and notable of the Riviera and has an especially accurate and fascinating chapter on his relationship with Frank Gould.
6 Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998), 250–251.
7 Hal Vaughan, Sleeping with the Enemy: Coco Chanel, Nazi Agent (London: Chatto & Windus, 2011), 47. The remark was made by Lady Iya Abdy about Chanel only. The inference is from the author.
8 Amanda Vaill, Everybody Was So Young: Gerald and Sara Murphy, A Lost Generation Love Story (London: Warner Books, 1999), 101–102.
9 Michael Nelson, Americans and the Making of the Riviera (London: McFarland & Co., 2008), 83.
10 NYPL, Chicago Tribune, November 18, 19
24, 1.
11 I thank Dr. Matthew Balerdi for this observation.
12 Jean Bresson, La fabuleuse histoire de Cannes (Monaco: Éditions du Rocher, 1981), 224–235.
13 http://www.post-gazette.com/movies/2013/05/10/The-Great-Gatsby-still-challenges-myth-of-American-Dream/stories/201305100196.