Freedom Summer
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Poitier, Sidney. Life Beyond Measure: Letters to My Great-Granddaughter. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.
Provenzo, Eugene F., ed. Critical Issues in Education. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 2006.
Raines, Howell. My Soul Is Rested: Movement Days in the Deep South Remembered. New York: Penguin, 1977.
Randall, Herbert, and Bob Tusa. Faces of Freedom Summer. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2001.
Ransby, Barbara. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
Ravitch, Diane, ed. The American Reader: Words That Moved a Nation. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991.
Roberts, Gene, and Hank Klibanoff. The Race Beat: The Press, the Civil Rights Struggle, and the Awakening of a Nation. New York: Random House, 2007.
Rogers, Kim Lacy. Life and Death in the Delta: African American Narratives of Violence, Resilience, and Social Change. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
Rothschild, Mary Aickin. A Case of Black and White: Northern Volunteers and the Southern Freedom Summers, 1964-1965. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982.
Schumacher, Michael. There But for Fortune: The Life of Phil Ochs. New York: Hyperion, 1996.
Sellers, Cleveland, and Robert Terrell. The River of No Return: The Autobiography of a Black Militant and the Life and Death of SNCC. New York: William Morrow, 1973.
Silver, James W. Mississippi: The Closed Society. Rev. ed. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1966.
Sitkoff, Harvard. The Struggle for Black Equality, 1954-1992. New York: Hill and Wang, 1993.
Skates, John Ray. Mississippi: A Bicentennial History. New York: W. W. Norton, 1979.
Sokol, Jason. There Goes My Everything: White Southerners in the Age of Civil Rights, 1945-1975. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006.
Sugarman, Tracy. Stranger at the Gates: A Summer in Mississippi. New York: Hill and Wang, 1966.
Tucker, Shirley. Mississippi from Within. New York: Arco, 1965.
Von Hoffman, Nicholas. Mississippi Notebook. New York: David White, 1964.
Wade, Wyn Craig. The Fiery Cross: The Ku Klux Klan in America. New York: Oxford University Press USA, 1998.
Walton, Anthony. Mississippi: An American Journey. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996.
Ward, Geoffrey C., Ric Burns, and Ken Burns. The Civil War: An Illustrated History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990.
Wendt, Simon. The Spirit and the Shotgun: Armed Resistance and the Struggle for Civil Rights. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2007.
Whalen, John. Maverick Among the Magnolias: The Hazel Brannon Smith Story. Bloomington, Ind.: Xlibris, 2000.
White, Theodore. The Making of the President, 1964. New York: Atheneum, 1965.
Whitehead, Don. Attack on Terror: The FBI Against the Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1970.
Wilkie, Curtis. Dixie: A Personal Odyssey Through Events That Shaped the Modern South. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003.
Williams, Juan. Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years, 1954-1965. New York: Penguin Books, 2002.
Winter, William F. The Measure of Our Days: The Writings of William F. Winter. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2006.
Wirt, Frederick M. Politics of Southern Equality: Law and Social Change in a Mississippi County. Chicago: Aldine, 1970.
Woods, Randall B. LBJ: Architect of American Ambition. New York: Free Press, 2006.
Woodward, C. Vann. The Strange Career of Jim Crow. 3d rev. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
Yates, Gayle Graham. Mississippi Mind: A Personal Cultural History of an American State. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1990.
Youth of the Rural Organizing and Cultural Center. Minds Stayed on Freedom: The Civil Rights Struggle in the Rural South, an Oral History. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1991.
Zellner, Robert. The Wrong Side of Murder Creek: A White Southerner in the Freedom Movement. With Constance Curry. Montgomery, Ala.: NewSouth Books, 2008.
Zinn, Howard, ed. The Power of Nonviolence: Writings by Advocates of Peace. Boston: Beacon Press, 2002.
——. SNCC: The New Abolitionists. Boston: Beacon Press, 1964.
Film and Video
Beymer, Richard. A Regular Bouquet. Self-produced, 1965.
Hampton, Henry, dir. “Mississippi—Is This America?” Episode 5 of Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Movement. Boston: Blackside, 1987.
Mulford, Marilyn, and Connie Field, dirs. Freedom on My Mind. Berkeley, Calif.: Clarity Film Productions, 1994.
Potter, Anthony, dir. Murder in Mississippi: The Price of Freedom. New York: ABC News, 1994.
“Students Asked Not to Say Obama’s Name.” WAPT, Channel 16, Jackson, Miss. http://www.wapt.com/video/17928161/index.html.
Williams, Marco, dir. Ten Days That Unexpectedly Changed America—Freedom Summer . New York: History Channel, 2006.
Personal Interviews (in chronological order)
Gloria Clark, volunteer
Heather Booth Tobis, volunteer
Nancy Schlieffelin, volunteer
Chris Williams, volunteer
Robert Fullilove, volunteer
Fran O’Brien, volunteer
Chude Pamela Allen, volunteer
Karen Hoberman, volunteer
Fred Bright Winn, volunteer
Muriel Tillinghast, volunteer/SNCC staff
Jay Shetterly, volunteer
Geoff Cowan, volunteer
Claire O’Connor, volunteer
Jim Kates, volunteer
Ira Landess, volunteer
Jimmie Travis, SNCC staff
Dr. Stacey White
Robert Miles Jr.
Jack Bishop, cofounder, Association of Tenth Amendment Conservatives
Elaine Baker, volunteer
Kathie Sarachild, volunteer
John Howell, newspaper publisher
Ray Raphael, volunteer
Linda Wetmore, volunteer
Nancy Samstein, volunteer
Arelya Mitchell, Freedom School student
Julius Lester, folksinger
Gary Brooks, McComb, Mississippi, native
Hollis Watkins, SNCC staff
Congressman Barney Frank, volunteer
Richard Beymer, volunteer
Alan Schiffman, volunteer
Michael Thelwell, SNCC staff, Washington, D.C.
Charlie Cobb, SNCC staff
Curtis (Hayes) Muhammad, SNCC staff
Charles Capps Jr., sheriff
Jim Dann, volunteer
Congressman John Lewis, SNCC staff
Margaret Block, volunteer
Otis Brown, SNCC staff
Dennis Flannagan, volunteer
Stephen Bingham, volunteer
Jerry Mitchell, Jackson Clarion-Ledger reporter
Charles McLaurin, SNCC staff
Len Edwards, volunteer
Governor William F. Winter
Bob Moses, SNCC staff
Sue Thrasher, volunteer
Bob Zellner, SNCC staff
E-mail Interviews (in chronological order)
Casey Hayden, SNCC staff
Hodding Carter III, editor, Delta Democrat-Times
Franklin Delano Roosevelt III
Web Sites
American Radio Works. http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/.
American Rhetoric. http://www.americanrhetoric.com.
Cambridge Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. http://encyclopedia.stateuniversity.com/pages/.
Cardcow.com, Vintage Postcards and Collectibles. http://www.cardcow.com.
Civil Rights Movement Veterans Web site. http://www.crmvet.org.
“Democracy Now!” http://www.alternet.org.
Meikeljohn Civil Liberties Institute Archives, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/meiklejohn/meik-10_1/meik-10_1-6.html#580.7.
“Mississippi Burning Trial: Selected Klan Documents.” Famous Trials: U.S.
vs. Cecil Price et al. (“Mississippi Burning” Trial) Web site. http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/price&bowers/Klan.html.
The Nina Simone Web. http://boscarol.com/nina/html/where/mississipigoddamn.html.
Port Gibson Heritage Trust Web site. http://www.portgibsonheritagetrust.org/port_gibson.
The Sixties Project. http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Sixties.html.
Digital Library, University of California at Berkeley. http://sunsite.berkeley.edu.
“Wednesdays in Mississippi: Civil Rights as Women’s Work.” http://www.vcdh.virginia.edu/WIMS/.
Index
ABC-TV
The Search in Mississippi
Adams, Victoria Gray
Adickes, Sandra
Africa, travel to
“Ain’t Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Around”
Alexander, Margaret Walker
Algebra Project
Allen, Elizabeth
Allen, Louis
Allen, Pamela (née Parker)
Alsop, Joseph
Americans for Democratic Action (ADA)
Americans for the Preservation of the White Race
Ames, Adelbert
Amistad
antiwar movement
Arendt, Hannah
Armstrong, Neil
Association of Tenth Amendment Conservatives (ATAC)
Atlanta Constitution
Atlantic City:
Democratic National Convention in
Miss America Pageant in
urban deterioration of
authority, loss of respect for
Baker, Ella
Baldwin, James
Barnett, O. H.
Barnett, Ross
Barnette, Horace Doyle
Barry, Marion
Batesville, Mississippi
“Battle Hymn of the Republic, The”
Belafonte, Harry
Belfrage, Sally
Bender, Rita Schwerner, see Schwerner, Rita
Benita Sharpshooters
Bennett, Tony
Berkeley Free Speech Movement
Berle, Milton
Bernstein, Leonard
Bettelheim, Bruno
Bewitched (TV)
Beymer, Richard
Bilbo, Theodore G.
Bingham, Hiram
Bingham, Steve
Birmingham, Alabama, church bombing in
Birth of a Nation (film)
Black Codes
Black Power
Blackwell, Unita
Block, Sam
“Blowin’ in the Wind”
Bonanza (TV)
Bond, Julian
Bowers, Sam Holloway
Brinkley, David
Brooks, Gary
Broonzy, “Big Bill”
Brown, Jess
Brownmiller, Susan
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
Bruce, Lenny
Bryant. C.
Buck, Demetrius
Buckley, William F.
Burrage, Olen
California, Fair Housing Law in
Camus, Albert
Canton, Mississippi
Capote, Truman
Capps, Charlie
Carmichael, Stokeley
and Black Power
and Freedom Day
and Freedom Summer
nonviolence rejected by
in Parchman Farm
police attack on
and SNCC politics
and three missing men
and volunteer training
Carter, Gloria
Carter, Hodding III
Carter, Jimmy
Cash, Wilbur J., The Mind of the South
Catledge, Turner
Chancellor, John
Chaney, Ben:
brother missing
and brother’s activism
and brother’s burial
in later years
Chaney, Fannie Lee:
grandchild of
in later years
and murder trial
son missing
son’s body discovered
and son’s burial
Chaney, James:
arrest and release of
burial of
civil rights activism of
discovery of body
grave of
in memory of
missing, see three missing men
personal traits of
registering voters
Channing, Carol
Chávezésar
Chicago Seven
Chicago Tribune
Chickasaw Bluffs, Mississippi
Choctaw Reservation
churches:
bombed and burned
Committee of Concern for
media stories killed about
Citizens for Progress
Civil Rights Act (1964):
and Kennedy
Mississippi compliance with
passed by Senate
signing of
testing of
white backlash against
civil rights movement
activism in, see specific agencies and individuals
beginnings of
and celebrities
and Communists
factions within
and hope
Informant X and Y infiltrating
in interstate travel
and legislation
local heroes of
nonviolence rejected in
Republican rejection of
resistance in Mississippi to
resistance in Washington to
school busing
school walkouts
sit-ins
slow progress of
unsolved cases
and violence
voting rights, see voting rights
white backlash against
Civil War, U.S.:
history rewritten on
Mississippi memories of
Pickett’s Charge
and Reconstruction
as War for Southern Independence
wounds opened from
Clark, Gloria
Clark, Ramsey
Clarksdale, Mississippi
Cleveland, Mississippi
Cliburn, Van
Cobb, Charlie
and three missing men
and Tillinghast
Cole, Junior
Cole, Mrs. Junior
Coles, Robert
Collins, Judy
Communists:
and lawsuits
r ed-baiting
“red diaper” babies
rumors of civil rights involvement
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Connally, John
Cooke, Sam
Cotton, MacArthur
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO)
and discovery of bodies
donations to
and Freedom Day
Jackson headquarters of
lawsuits initiated by
phone network of
threats and violence against
and three missing men
and voter registration
Cowan, Geoff
Cowan, Paul
Cowan, Polly
Cox, Harold
Cronkite, Walter
Cummings, Peter
Dahmer, Ellie
Dahmer, Vernon
Dallas Morning News
Davis, Jefferson
Davis, Sammy, Jr.
Delta blues
Delta Democrat-Times
Democracy Now (TV)
Democratic National Convention (1964)
civil rights split of
congressional challenge to
Credentials Committee
Freedom Democrats’ arrival in
Freedom Democrats at
as Freedom Party goal
and Hamer
and Humphrey
<
br /> and LBJ
lobbying
as turning point
two-seat compromise
Democratic National Convention (1968)
Democratic National Convention (1984)
Dennis, Dave
Dennis, Delmar
Devine, Annie
“Dixie”
“Dixiecrats”
Doar, John
Donaldson, Ivanhoe
Douglass, Frederick
Drew, Mississippi
Du Bois, W. E. B.
The Souls of Black Folk
Dulles, Allen
East.
Eastland, James
Edwards, Don
Edwards, Len
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act (2008)
Espy, Mike
Evers, Charles
Evers, Medgar
assassination of
funeral of
memorials for
Evers, Myrlie
Fanon, Frantz
Farmer, James
Faulkner, William
FBI:
arrests by
bodies discovered by
and burial site
and Communists
and Democratic Convention
and King
and the Klan
lack of response from
loss of respect for
and murder trial
search for missing men
and station wagon
and three missing men
wiretapping by
Fitzgerald, Ella
Foote, Shelby, Jordan County
Ford, Henry
Forman, James
Fourth of July (1964)
Frank, Barney
Franklin, John Hope
Freedom Day, July 16, 1964
Freedom Democrats
arrival in Atlantic City
congressional challenge by
at Democratic Convention, see Democratic National Convention
demonstrations by
going home
hopes dashed
lobbying by
moral case of
obstacles against
as personification of democracy
popular support for
preparing for the convention
split by class
violence against
see also Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Freedom Election (1963)
Freedom Houses
schools in, see Freedom Schools
“Freedom Now”
Freedom Party, see Freedom Democrats; Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Freedom Riders
Freedom Schools:
activities in
books collected for
call-and-response in