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Wilson

Page 110

by A. Scott Berg


  Red Cross, 446, 449, 466

  Redfield, William C., 264–65, 327, 664

  Red Scare, 670–71

  Reed, James A., 316, 653

  Reed, John, 412, 495

  Reed, Thomas B., 138

  Reformation, 25–26

  Reid, Edith Gittings, 259, 304, 314

  Remington, Frederic, 134

  Renick, Edward I., 84–86, 105–6

  Reparations, 365, 548, 566, 622

  Allied demands for, 527, 531, 545, 559, 570, 599

  Republican Party, 204, 221, 245, 259, 286, 292–93, 322, 325, 406, 630, 722, 723, 725

  American delegate to Paris Peace Conference from, 18, 517–18, 573, 580, 600, 621

  economic policies of, 231, 298, 299, 315–16

  grass-root support for League of Nations in, 622–25

  in midterm elections, 344–45, 503–6, 713

  National Committee, 243

  in New Jersey, 181, 190, 196, 200–203, 206, 210, 211, 215–16, 228

  opposition to League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles in Senate of, 547–50, 552, 594, 595, 598, 605–9, 611–17, 627, 632, 652–57, 673

  in Presidential elections, 9, 70, 129, 146, 163, 230, 236, 237, 240, 397, 404, 406, 410–13, 416, 677, 687, 691–93

  Progressives in, 314, 402, 454

  during Reconstruction, 41, 70

  during Wilson’s recuperation from stroke, 652, 659–60, 681

  women’s suffrage supported by, 492

  during World War I, 342, 352, 364, 396, 422, 446, 477

  Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC), 394

  Revenue Act (1916), 407, 412, 477

  Revenue Act (1921), 713

  Rhenish Republic, 555, 557, 564, 573

  Rhoads, James, 98–100, 103, 108

  Rickenbacker, Edward, 481

  “Road Away from Revolution, The” (Wilson), 726

  Robinson, Joseph T., 675

  Rockefeller, John D., 243, 298, 669

  Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 332

  Rockefeller Foundation, 727

  Rockwell, Norman, 175

  Rogers, Will, 397

  Roman Empire, 33, 567

  Romania, 514, 537, 574–76, 589

  Romanovs, 11, 430

  Rome (Georgia), 87–88

  Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 62

  Roosevelt, Eleanor, 264, 546, 696, 715, 742

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 233, 238, 263–64, 387, 446, 546, 591, 609, 670, 690–92, 714, 715, 724, 734, 743

  Roosevelt, Theodore (TR), 122, 137, 294, 325, 406, 410, 412, 488, 516, 612, 629

  Bryan denounced by, 260

  death of, 522

  on Fourteen Points, 471, 504

  honorary degrees of, 132

  Hughes’s “victory” celebrated by, 414

  imperialism of, 322

  1912 Presidential campaign of, 6, 9, 206, 213, 230, 236–38, 240, 241, 244, 247, 254, 302

  Presidency of, 136, 157, 242, 243, 245, 263, 266, 280, 290, 291, 307, 340, 505, 517, 518, 611, 658

  Princeton visit of, 145

  reelection of, 171

  in Spanish-American War, 130

  Taft picked as successor to, 172

  Wood and, 463–64

  during World War I, 337, 353, 362–63, 378, 386, 395, 403, 404, 411, 424, 457–59, 696

  Root, Elihu, 145, 238, 260, 263, 322, 401, 517, 696

  Root, Robert K., 144, 145

  Roper, Daniel C., 724

  Rorer, Sarah Tyson, 105

  Rosenwald, Julius, 444, 445

  Ruffin, Sterling, 641, 735–46

  Russia, 11, 260, 379, 421, 488–89, 523, 526, 544, 548, 562, 563, 580, 585, 589–92, 609, 623, 670

  civil war in, 526, 532–33

  in World War I, 334, 336–38, 343, 354, 361, 385, 408, 417, 430, 465, 468, 470–73, 490, 498–99, 505, 514, 561, 583

  Russian Revolution, 430, 431, 436, 466, 685, 726. See also Bolshevism

  Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 301

  St. Mary’s College, 168

  St. Mihiel, Battle of, 480

  Salmon, Lucy, 104

  Samoa, 537

  Santayana, George, 127

  Sargent, John Singer, 22

  Sayre, Eleanor Axson, 417

  Sayre, Francis Bowes (Frank), 254–55, 312, 317, 335, 352, 417, 546, 731, 738

  Sayre, Francis Bowes, Jr., 352, 731, 742

  Sayre, Jessie Wilson, 6, 204, 207, 254, 313, 329, 637, 650

  bequest to, 440

  in Bermuda, 255

  birth of, 107

  children of, 352, 417, 546, 551

  childhood and adolescence of, 109, 114, 120, 135, 137, 144

  correspondence with, 165, 167, 355, 406, 501, 694, 723

  courtship of, 254–55

  education of, 168

  in England, 152

  Edith and, 374, 389

  and father’s death, 735, 738

  and father’s illnesses, 150, 636, 642

  during gubernatorial campaign, 196, 200

  and inauguration, 271, 273–75

  life in White House of, 277, 280, 316, 348

  and mother’s death, 334, 335

  and Mrs. Peck’s visit to Sea Girt, 219

  and Presidential elections, 232, 247

  in Siam, 731

  at State of the Union address, 293

  wedding of, 317, 318, 328

  Sayre, Woodrow Wilson, 546, 551

  Scheidemann, Philipp, 595, 597

  Schenck v. United States (1918), 496

  Schiff, Jacob, 264

  Schlieffen Plan, 336

  Schmedeman, Albert G., 696

  Scopes “Monkey Trial,” 214

  Scotland, 28

  Church of, 26, 53

  Scott, Isaac, 704, 715, 737

  Scott, Mary, 704

  Scott, Walter, 27, 35, 43, 49, 730

  Scribner’s Magazine, 68

  Seattle Daily Times, The, 218

  Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 628

  Sectionalism, 257, 270, 305

  Secret Service, 5, 293, 304, 377, 389, 429, 432, 661, 693, 696, 704, 740

  and assassination threats, 323, 388, 426–27, 429, 669

  during courtship of Edith, 359, 362, 372

  on cross-country League of Nations tour, 620

  in Ellen’s funeral cortege, 335

  President-elect Wilson guarded by, 254, 255, 261, 272

  with Wilsons in Europe, 521, 565, 570

  and Woodrow and Edith’s wedding, 380, 381

  during women’s suffrage demonstrations, 489

  Sedgwick, Ellery, 727

  Sedition Act (1798), 453, 455, 494

  Sedition Act (1918), 455, 494–95

  Seeger, Alan, 417

  Segregation, 12, 33, 42, 262, 309–10, 481, 578

  of Army, 486

  in Civil Service, 409

  in higher education, 155, 401

  protests against, 312, 345–47, 481–82

  in Washington, D.C., 12, 306–12, 345, 671

  Selective Service Act (1917), 457–59

  “Self-Government in France” (Wilson), 75

  Senate, U.S., 70, 114, 191, 292, 293, 435, 514, 518, 601, 623, 664, 684, 701, 725, 739

  Banking and Currency Committee, 299, 315–16

  confirmation of Supreme Court nominees by, 400–402

  declarations of war approved by, 429, 462–63

  delegation at Ellen’s funeral, 335

  Democratic control of, 275, 397

/>   direct election of members of, 344, 411, 416

  election by state legislatures of members of, 153, 182, 204–6, 208, 251

  Espionage and Sedition Acts passed by, 453–55

  Finance Committee, 199, 295, 296, 475

  Foreign Relations Committee, 394, 517, 540, 546, 549, 556, 605, 613, 615–18, 626, 627, 667

  Judiciary Committee, 401

  League of Nations debate in, 612–20, 652–53, 672–78, 680, 721, 724

  during Mexican crisis, 322

  Military Affairs Committee, 458

  oil company investigations in, 712, 729

  Panama Canal Act repeal vote in, 325, 595

  during Paris Peace Conference, 537, 549–51, 558, 578, 591

  peace plan presented to, 421–23

  Prohibition legislation in, 627, 648

  Republican control of, 506, 519, 693, 713, 723

  Secretary of, 283

  tariff legislation in, 190, 314

  treaty approval power of, 96, 350, 386

  Vice President as President of, 405

  wartime shipping legislation in, 341–42, 425–26

  Wilson’s aspirations for election to, 68, 79, 106, 111

  and Wilson’s stroke, 644, 660, 681

  and women’s suffrage, 492–94, 687

  Serbia, 333, 334, 336, 421, 462, 470, 526, 529, 537, 575, 577, 589

  Seward, William, 267

  Seymour, Charles, 481, 537, 580

  Shakespeare, William, 62, 77, 125, 315, 473, 571

  Sharp, William Graves, 269

  Shaw, Anna Howard, 409, 487, 489

  Sheldon, Edward W., 67

  Sherman, James S., 243, 519–20

  Sherman, Lawrence, 652

  Sherman, Gen. William Tecumseh, 34, 40, 531

  Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890), 326, 443

  Shipping Board, 447, 664, 681

  Short Ballot Organization, 183

  Short History of the English People (Green), 69, 75

  Siam, 585, 731

  Siddons, Sarah, 65

  Silzer, George, 193, 195

  Simmons, Furnifold McLendel, 296, 315

  Sims, Adm. William Sowden, 463

  Sinclair, Upton, 616

  Sinclair Consolidated Oil Corporation, 712

  Sinn Féin, 608

  Slavery, 30, 32–33, 79, 84, 121, 229, 347, 356

  abolition of, 41, 59, 77, 305

  debates on justifiability of, 46, 55

  segregation equated with, 346

  Smith, Adam, 26, 95

  Smith, Hoke, 214, 308, 327–28

  Smith, James, Jr. “Sugar Jim,” 153, 181–82, 186, 190–93, 197–200, 202–210, 212, 225, 229, 344

  Smith, Lucy, 383

  Smith, Mary, 383

  Smith College, 99

  Smithers, Edward, 619

  Smith-Lever Act (1913), 328

  Smuts, Gen. Jan, 535, 585, 600, 705

  Smyrna, 537

  Snies, Joseph F., 44

  Social Gospel, 258, 301

  Socialist Party, 237, 409, 412, 416, 495, 670, 693

  Socialists, 111, 136, 412, 424, 459, 513, 617, 686

  Somme, Battle of the, 417, 480

  Sonnino, Baron Sidney, 526, 530, 576, 601

  Sorbonne, 20

  Southall, Stephen O., 76

  South Carolina, 70, 88, 157

  South-Western Presbyterian University, 96

  Spain, 285

  Spanish-American War, 130, 290, 403, 464, 606, 616

  Spanish flu, 474–75, 505–6, 568

  Spargo, John, 617

  Spring-Rice, Cecil, 468

  Standard Oil of New Jersey, 189

  Stanford University, 99, 447

  Starling, Edmund W., 5, 359, 376, 377, 381, 521, 633–35, 661, 693, 704, 740

  State, The (Wilson), 104, 107, 110, 111, 113, 211

  State Department, U.S., 260–61, 343, 366–67, 385, 424, 522, 665–69, 738. See also names of Secretaries of State

  States’ rights, 77, 290, 487, 492, 494

  Staunton (Virginia), 29–30, 80–81, 258–59, 268, 270

  Steffens, Lincoln, 471, 544, 563

  Stengel, Alfred, 151

  Stettinius, E. R., 446

  Stitt, Adm. E. R., 641

  Stockbridge, Frank P., 213, 217

  Stone, William J., 394–96

  Storey, Moorfield, 309

  Stovall, Cecilia, 34

  Stovall, Pleasant, 38–39

  Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 347

  Strikes, 237, 332, 621, 626, 670, 682, 685

  in Germany, 578

  miners’, 332, 650, 665

  railroad, 237, 399, 616

  Stroheim, Erich von, 452

  Stroud, Elizabeth, 687

  Stroud, Robert, 687

  Students’ Army Training Corps, 459–50

  Suffrage, 72

  white male, 41–42

  for women. See Women’s suffrage

  Suffragist Conference of the Allied Countries and the United States, 573–74

  Sugar Trust, 200

  Sun Yat-sen, 289, 350

  Supreme Court, U.S., 10, 38, 70, 106, 146, 237, 335, 434, 723

  income tax ruled unconstitutional by, 297

  Princeton alumni on, 54–55, 67

  slaves declared non-citizens by, 32

  Wilson’s appointments to, 9, 338–39, 400–402, 404–5, 721

  World War I curtailment of civil liberties upheld by, 495–97

  Supreme War Council, 517, 523, 526, 544, 558

  Sutherland, George, 712

  Swann, Josephine Thomson, 158, 174, 178, 185

  Swanson, Claude A., 617

  Swarthmore College, 103

  Sweden, 379

  Swem, Charles, 255, 256, 281, 339, 363, 389, 617, 691, 692, 696

  Switzerland, 515

  Swope, Herbert Bayard, 527

  Sykes, Mark, 561

  Sykes-Picot Agreement, 561–62, 589

  Syria, 260, 536, 561, 562, 589

  Taft, Helen Herron, 273

  Taft, William Howard, 172, 203, 264–66, 291, 324, 398, 517–18

  Brandeis’s nomination to Supreme Court opposed by, 400, 401

  as Chief Justice of Supreme Court, 729

  foreign policy of, 287–90

  helpfulness of, during Wilson’s transition period, 271, 273–74

  and League of Nations, 551, 614, 675

  in 1912 Presidential election, 9, 213, 230, 237, 242, 243, 247

  oval office created by, 280

  judicial appoinments of, 278, 307, 338

  recession under, 332

  segregation under, 307

  tariffs under, 199, 295

  and Wilson’s inauguration, 274–75

  during World War I, 365, 446

  Talcott, Charles, 68, 69, 72, 79, 204, 278

  Tammany Hall, 181, 220, 230, 263, 268, 344, 689–90

  Tannenberg, Battle of, 336

  Taoists, 579

  Tarbell, Ida, 11, 412, 451, 717

  Tariff Commission, 86, 662

  Tariffs, 85–86, 190, 261, 265, 340

  as campaign issue, 231, 235, 238, 242, 245, 410

  legislation reducing, 9, 262, 294–97, 300, 314, 316, 407

  protective, 63, 85, 129, 199, 203, 217, 295, 713, 724

  Tarkington, Booth, 116, 118, 451

  Taylor, James, 740

  Teapot Dome scandal, 712, 729, 740

  Tennent, William, 52

  Tennyson, A
lfred, Lord, 146

  Terrell, Robert H., 307, 311

  Thomas, Martha Carey, 98, 102–4, 108

  Thomas, Norman, 157–58

  Thomas Woodrow Wilson: A Psychological Study (Freud), 591

  Thompson, Henry B., 164

  Tilden, Samuel J., 70

  Tillman, Benjamin R. “Pitchfork Ben,” 245, 308, 422

  Tocqueville, Alexis de, 146

  Tolstoy, Leo, 260

  Toy, Nancy Saunders, 339, 352, 488

  Treasury Department, U.S., 106, 262, 280, 297, 298, 300, 307–8, 312, 345, 444, 447, 476, 516, 663, 681

  Register’s Division, 311

  Trenton, Battle of, 131

  Trinity College, 59, 128, 133

  Triple Entente, 334, 575

  Trotsky, Leon, 532

  Trotter, William Monroe, 245–46, 345–47, 349, 481–82, 484, 616

  Truman, Harry, 10, 480–81

  Trusts, 163, 169, 170, 190, 237–42, 257, 265

  tariffs and, 295, 410

  Tulane University, 132

  Tumulty, Joseph Patrick, 220, 256, 282, 303, 305, 331, 317, 426, 517, 619, 689, 706, 737, 740

  in Cabinet appointment process, 259, 265, 268, 550

  in conspiracy to keep Wilson’s stroke secret, 644–45, 648

  on cross-country campaign for League of Nations, 627–29, 633–37

  and Debs pardon request, 686–87

  Edith’s opinion of, 373, 442

  Ellen’s friendship with, 215

  at first press conference, 291

  during Mexican crisis, 287, 391–93

  during midterm elections, 344, 345, 504

  in New Jersey politics, 195, 199, 203, 204, 207, 208

  opponents of League of Nations identified by, 603–5

  during Paris Peace Conference, 546, 547, 557, 572, 579

  during Presidential campaigns, 225, 232, 234, 246–48, 406, 409, 414, 691, 692

  and screening of Birth of a Nation, 348–50

  as secretary and adviser to President, 267, 283–84

  Wilson’s break with, 718–21, 737

  at Wilson’s funeral, 737

  during Wilson’s recuperation, 650, 653–54, 658–59, 662, 667, 668, 672, 673, 675, 677–78, 684, 689

  during World War I, 365, 385, 417–18, 423, 433, 434, 438, 455, 457, 458

  Tunisia, 269

  Turkey, 1, 260, 470, 514, 585, 589. See also Ottoman Empire

  Turner, Frederick Jackson, 111–13, 122, 131–32, 136, 204

  Tuskegee Institute, 138, 155

  Twain, Mark, 132, 138, 160, 168, 181, 410, 630

  Uganda, 537

  Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 347

  Underwood, Oscar, 219, 229, 230, 232, 262, 270, 295, 296, 315, 344, 657, 695

  Underwood-Simmons Revenue Act (1913), 296–97

 

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