The Burning of Moscow

by Alexander Mikaberidze

  123. Benckendorf, 120–121.

  124. Tutolmin reported 1,500 Allied wounded, including sixteen officers, who had been left behind by the French authorities ‘without any food, medicine or other necessities’. Tutolmin to Rostopchin, 5 November 1812, in Gorshkov, Moskva i Otechestvennaya voina 1812 g., II, 168.

  125. Benckendorf, 123–124.

  126. Major General Ivan Ilovaiskii IV to Fedor Rostopchin, 28 October 1812, in Russkii arkhiv (1866), 696.

  127. Journal of Outgoing Documents of Police Chief Ivashkin, in Gorshkov, Moskva i Otechestvennaya voina 1812 g., II, 158.

  128. Rostopchin to Emperor Alexander, 7 November 1812, in Russkii arkhiv 9 (1892), 553–554.

  129. Khomutova, 327.

  130. Lieutenant Colonel Afanasiev II and the 2nd Company of the 1st Battalion of the 2nd Pioneer Regiment took the lead role in this process.

  131. Ivashkin to Rostopchin, 20 November 1812, in Gorshkov, Moskva i Otechestvennaya voina 1812 g., II, 164; Major General Ivan Ilovaiskii IV to Fedor Rostopchin, 28 October 1812 in Russkii arkhiv (1866), 695–696.

  132. For documents of property claims see Chapter 5 in Gorshkov, Moskva i Otechestvennaya voina 1812 g., volume 2. A special commission on property claims, chaired by Count N. Golovin, was set up in February 1813. Muscovites were required to submit their claims, verified by police authorities, by the end of March. Throughout the year the commission reviewed over 18,000 claims and began granting loans as compensation. It eventually gave away over 13 million rubles in ten-year interest-free loans. For details see E. Boldina, ‘O deyatelnosti Komissii dlya rassmotreniya proshenii obyvatelei Moskovskoi stolitsy i gubernii, poterpevshikh razorenie ot nashestviya nepriyatel’skogo,’ in E. Boldina, A. Kiselev, and L. Seliverstova, eds, Moskva v 1812 godu: Materialy nauchnoi konferentsii posvyashchennoi 180-letiyu Otechestvennoi voiny 1812 goda (Moscow, 1997); Alexander M. Martin, ‘Precarious Existences: Middling Households in Moscow and the Fire of 1812,’ in Marsha Siefert, ed., Extending the Borders of Russian History: Essays in Honor of Alfred J. Rieber (Budapest, 2003); Alexander M. Martin, ‘Down and Out in 1812: The Impact of the Napoleonic Invasion on Moscow’s Middling Strata,’ in Roger Bartlett et al., eds, Eighteenth-Century Russia: Society, Culture, Economy (Munster, 2007).

  133. Rostopchin to Vyazmitinov, 11 November 1812, in Russkii arkhiv 1 (1881), 224.

  134. Rostopchin to a village manager in the Orlov province, 15 October 1815, in Russkii arkhiv (1864), 407–408.

  135. Tutolmin to Rostopchin, 5 November 1812, in Gorshkov, Moskva i Otechestvennaya voina 1812 g., II, 168; Professor Schloezer’s letter of 20 December 1812, in Russkii arkhiv (1866), 247; Rostopchin to Vyazmitinov, 11 November 1812, in Russkii arkhiv 1 (1881), 223.

  136. Rostopchin to Vyazmitinov, 11 November 1812, in Russkii arkhiv 1 (1881), 224–225.

  137. Mikhail Kutuzov to Lieutenant General Prince B. Golitsyn, Chief of Vladimir Opolchenye, 29 October 1812, RGVIA, f. VUA, d. 3510, ll. 311–311b; Alexander to Kutuzov, 2 November 1812, RGVIA, f. VUA, d. 3495, l. 6; Lieutenant General Prince B. Golitsyn to Kutuzov, 4 November 1812, RGVIA, f. VUA, d. 3510, ll. 19–19b; Kutuzov to Emperor Alexander, 31 October 1812, and ‘Zapiski o Tverski voennoi sile’ (1836) in Liubomir Beskrovnyi, ed. Narodnoe opolchenye v Otechestvennoi voine 1812 goda. Sbornik dokumentov (Moscow, 1962), 211, 220–222.

  138. Rostopchin to Emperor Alexander, 14 December 1812, in Russkii arkhiv 8 (1892), 560.

  139. Vedomost’ Moskovskoi upravy blagochiniya o kolichestve sozhzhennykh trupov … in Gorshkov, Moskva i Otechestvennaya voina 1812 g., II, 225.

  140. Sysoev, 16.

  141. Emperor Alexander’s decree of 5 December 1812; Register of Weapons delivered to Police Stations, January–June 1813, in Gorshkov, Moskva i Otechestvennaya voina 1812 g., II, 234–240.

  142. Arriving in Moscow on 28 October, Ivashkin was already armed with secret instructions from the governor, who ordered the arrest of anyone suspected of collaboration with the enemy, and demanded detailed accounts on conditions in the city. Rostopchin to Ivashkin, 25 October 1812, in Schukin, I, 102–103. For Ivashkin’s first actions see his letter to Rostopchin on 30 October in Gorshkov, Moskva i Otechestvennaya voina 1812 g., II, 163. Also see Rostopchin to Vyazmitinov, 8–19 November 1812, in Russkii arkhiv 1 (1881), 222–223, 225–226.

  143. The two men were merchant Ivan Poznyakov, who was accused of procuring supplies for the enemy, and clerk Orlov, who was charged with treason and espionage. The former was sentenced to whipping and the latter to hard labour. For police reports and trial proceedings see Gorshkov, Moskva i Otechestvennaya voina 1812 g., II, 288–294.

  144. Rostopchin to his wife, 13 November 1812, in Russkii arkhiv 8 (1901), 482.

  145. Rostopchin to his wife, 13–30 September 1814, in Russkii arkhiv 8 (1901), 492–498.

  146. Rostopchin to his wife, 30 September 1814, in Russkii arkhiv 8 (1901), 498.

  147. For example see, John T. Alexander, ‘Catherine II, Bubonic Plague, and the Problem of Industry in Moscow,’ American Historical Review 79 (1974), 637–671.

  148. For details see P.V. Sytin, Istoriya planirovki i zastroiki Moskvy (Moscow, 1950–1954, 2 vols); Albert J. Schmidt, The Architecture and Planning of Classical Moscow: A Cultural History (Philadelphia, 1989); M. Budylina, ‘Planirovka i zastroika Moskvy posle pozhara 1812 goda (1813–1818 gg.),’ Arkhitekturnoe nasledstvo 1 (1950), 135–174.

  149. For details see Albert J. Schmidt, ‘William Hastie, Scottish Planner of Russian Cities,’ Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 114, 3 (1970), 226–243.

  150. William R. Wilson, Travels in Russia (London, 1828), I, 52–53.

  151. Robert Lyall, The Character of the Russians and a Detailed History of Moscow (Moscow, 1823), 525.

  152. Alexey Merzlyakov to Fedor Velyaminov-Zernov, 26 March 1813, in Russkii arkhiv 1 (1865), 109–110.

  Select Bibliography

  Archival Material

  Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennii Voenno-Istoricheskii arkhiv (RGVIA)

  [Russian State Military Historical Archive]

  Fond 846 (Voenno-Uchebnii Arkhiv), opis 16, delos 3465, 3572, 3586, 3587, 3588, 3604, 3697.

  Archives de la Guerre, Château de Vincennes

  Expédition, S.H.D., département de l’Armée de Terre, 17 C 113; 17 C 114; 17 C 326.

  Tsentralnyi istoricheskii arkhiv Moskvy (TSIAM)

  [Central Historical Archive of Moscow]

  Gorshkov, Dmitri. Moskva i Otechestvennaya voina 1812 goda (Moscow, 2011–2012), two volumes.

  Published Archival Material and Private Papers

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  Beskrovnyi, Liubomir, ed. Narodnoye opolchenye v Otechestvennoi voine 1812 goda. Moscow, 1962

  General Staff Archives: Otechestvennaya Voina 1812 goda: Materialy Voenno-Uchenogo Arkhiva Generalnogo Shtaba. St Petersburg, 1910–1917, volumes 15, 16, 18, 19 and 20.

  Journal of Outgoing Correspondence of Governor Rostopchin – ‘Zhurnal iskhodyashim bumagam kantselyarii moskovskogo general-gubernatora grafa Rostopchina, s iunya po dekabr’ 1812 goda’ in P. Shukin, ed., Bumagi…, X, 50–259.

  Journals of Military Operations: ‘Zhurnaly voyennykh deistvii’ in Sbornik istoricheskikh materialov izvlechennykh iz arkhiva sobstvennoi Ego Imperatorskago Velichestva Kantselyarii. St Petersburg, 1906, volume 13.

  Kharkevich – Kharkevich, V. 1812 god v dnevnikakh, zapiskakh i vospominaniyakh sovremennikov. Vilna, 1900–1903, 4 volumes.

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  Le Moniteur

  Moskovskie vedomosti

  Russkaya starina

  Russkii arkhiv

  Russkii invalid

  St Petersburgskie vedomosti

  Severnaya pochta

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