Hitlerland
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269 “that Germany is invincible” and “I hope”: Russell, 51.
269 “follow me blindly” and exchange with maid: Schultz, Germany Will Try It Again, 186–187.
270 “squeals and shouts” and rest of reactions to newsreels and massacres: Ibid., 187–189.
270 “Now go to Berlin,” getting to Berlin and early days there: Joseph C. Harsch, At the Hinge of History, A Reporter’s Story, 38–43.
272 “pretty awful” and “I was an American”: Hottelet interviewed by author (2009).
272 “The troops seemed”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 234.
272 “in the vain hope”: Russell, 128.
273 “the hope of” and “It is better”: Otto D. Tolischus, They Wanted War, 199.
273 “One Breslau daily” and rest of Oct. 8 letter: Louis Lochner, “Round Robins from Berlin,” Wisconsin Magazine of History, Summer 1967.
273 “In the darkness”: Russell, 53.
273 “the groping”: George F. Kennan, Memoirs: 1925–1950, 107.
274 “Shan’t we go” and rest of encounter with streetwalker: Ibid., 109–112.
274 At the Soviet Embassy’s and exchange between American correspondents and Goering: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 245–246.
275 According to the joke: Harsch, Pattern of Conquest, 59.
275 Russell estimated: Russell, 75.
275 “If the United States”: Ibid., 90–91.
275 “It was hard”: Kennan, 112.
276 “the most intelligent”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 284.
276 “isolated on our island”: Russell, 84.
276 goods displayed : Ibid., 101.
276 “A hundred or so” and Oechsner dinner: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 252.
277 “embarrassingly large” and follow-up: Russell, 49–50.
277 In January 1940: Ibid., 128.
277 “unmistakable inner detachment”: Kennan, 108–109.
277 “But here Germany was”: Russell, 129.
278 two tin bathtubs: Ibid., 131–132.
278 “I never expected” and rest of Jane Dyer episode: Ibid., 142.
CHAPTER ELEVEN: FEEDING THE SQUIRRELS
PAGE
279 “We had not” and rest of Russell departure from Germany: Russell, 203–208.
280 “The last thing”: Harsch, At the Hinge of History, 47.
281 “Only one thing”: Sumner Welles, The Time for Decision, 77.
281 Arriving on the morning and rest of Welles visit: Ibid., 90–109.
283 “my uncompromising” and account of Mooney mission: Lochner, Always the Unexpected, 262–272.
284 “I was stunned”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 312.
284 “I never dreamed”: Harsch, At the Hinge of History, 48.
284 Broadcasting from Berlin: Shirer, “This Is Berlin,” 246–247.
284 “Hitler is sowing”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 317.
285 “the German steamroller”: Ibid., 335.
285 “It’s been dream” and other Lochner quotes from Belgium: Lochner, “The Blitzkrieg in Belgium: A Newsman’s Eyewitness Account,” Wisconsin Magazine of History, Summer 1967.
285 “the behavior of”: Shirer, “This Is Berlin,” 289.
285 “houses smashed”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 353–354.
286 “But eyeing” and exchange with German nun: Ibid., 360.
286 He and two other reporters and account of tensions among American correspondents: Harsch, At the Hinge of History, 45.
286 “Some of the correspondents”: Henry W. Flannery, Assignment to Berlin, 41.
287 “when he has forced” and “Every German soldier”: Lochner, “The Blitzkrieg in Belgium.”
287 “A most discouraging”: Beam, unpublished manuscript.
287 “France did not fight”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 434.
288 “He folded his arms” and rest of Hitler at Napoleon’s tomb: Pierre J. Huss, The Foe We Face, 210–212.
289 “It was Hitler triumphant” and rest of July 19 event, including Kirk’s reaction: Harsch, At the Hinge of History, 49–50.
289 “The little groups”: Harsch, Pattern of Conquest, 53–54.
290 “The loot of”: Ibid., 45–46.
290 “These Germans”: Ibid., 46–47.
290 “a violent anti-Nazi” and rest of Schultz’s observations on German women: Schultz, Germany Will Try It Again, 143–146.
291 “books and magazines”: Flannery, 115.
291 “The word illegitimate ”: Ibid., 114.
292 “their murder of” and “After weeks of”: Ibid., 110–111.
292 “I was one of”: Ibid., 13.
293 “human interest” and other Delaney quotes: Edward L. Delaney, Five Decades Before Dawn, 58.
293 “wanton, premeditated”: Ibid., 85.
293 “He has a diseased” and other Shirer remarks about Americans working for German radio: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 528–529.
294 “swept by” and “hiking club” episode: John Carver Edwards, Berlin Calling: American Broadcasters in Service to the Third Reich, 8–9.
294 On June 25, 1933: Postcard from and clippings about Frederick Kaltenbach, Frederick W. Kaltenbach Papers, box 1, Hoover.
294 “Dear Harry”: Edwards, 11.
294 “Roosevelt, himself an off-spring”: Horst J. P. Bergmeier and Rainer E. Lotz, Hitler’s Airwaves: The Inside Story of Nazi Radio Broadcasting and Propaganda Swing, 61.
295 “nervous breakdown” and other Katharine Smith quotes about Chandler: Katharine Smith’s memoir in Truman Smith Papers, boxes 4 and 16, Hoover.
295 “ponytails and dirndls”: Kätchen Coley interviewed by author.
295 Delaney, Kaltenbach and Chandler along with details of their fates: Bergmeier and Lotz, 45–64.
296 “a beginner” and details of Mildred’s applications: Brysac, Resisting Hitler, 258.
296 One of Mildred’s jobs and Mildred’s reported role in escapes: Ibid., 245. Also Anne Nelson, Red Orchestra: The Story of the Berlin Underground and the Circle of Friends Who Resisted Hitler, 163–164.
296 Her husband Arvid and relationship with Heath: Ibid., 224–227.
296 “a German patriot”: Ibid., 266. A similar argument is made by Anne Nelson in Red Orchestra.
297 “Harnack never”: Ibid., 264.
297 But Brysac documented and rest of Korotkov-Harnack story, including Korotkov quote and Harnack’s first intelligence report: Ibid., 261–267.
297 They also weren’t helped: Ibid., 307.
297 In late August and estimate of arrests: Ibid., 329.
297 “loss of honor” and other verdicts: Ibid., 359; rest of Mildred’s story, 359–379.
298 “And I have loved”: Ibid., 379.
298 “When a new number” and account of Lovell’s activities, including dinner with military attachés: Harsch, At the Hinge of History, 54–55.
299 “Just imagine” and rest of Schultz-Boehmer exchange: Schultz, 162–163.
299 “the best immediate defense” and fireside chat: Jonas, 248.
300 “the severest bombing yet” and rest of Shirer’s account of bombing on September 10: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 503–504.
301 “Night Crime” and other headline: Ibid., 509.
301 “Except for”: Flannery, 151.
301 “But after the Russian campaign” and “No, I just had bad news” and depression: Ibid., 378–380.
302 “Mein Gott” and “I thought I was gone”: Ibid., 384–385.
302 “I love my wife” and exchange with woman plastic surgeon: Schultz, 138–139.
302 Angus Thuermer and story of third floor apartment and Jewish visitor: Angus Thuermer interviewed by author.
303 Howard K. Smith and Heppler episode: Howard K. Smith, 184–187.
304 “The increasingly desperate”: Kennan, 106.
304 “Time proved him”: Beam, unpublished manuscript.
304 Aside from taking on: Kennan, 106. (Kennan estimated that the U.S. represented the interests of eleven countries by t
he time of Pearl Harbor.)
304 “I felt that”: Harsch, At the Hinge of History, 56.
305 “you must never”: Huss, 214.
305 “the hottest game” and “Everything else”: Ibid., ix–x.
305 “Many times I heard her say”: Harsch, At the Hinge of History, 55.
305 “knew everything”: Howard K. Smith, 226.
306 “on suspicion of espionage” and rest of Hottelet’s account: Richard C. Hottelet, “Guest of Gestapo,” San Francisco Chronicle, Aug. 3, 1941; Hottelet interviewed by author.
306 “Had he been” and other Smith comments about Hottelet: Howard K. Smith, 226–227.
306 Beam, who: Beam, unpublished manuscript.
307 “Your situation is”: Howard K. Smith, 346.
307 “Czech patriots”: Ibid., 348.
307 “utterly vapid”: Ibid., 349.
307 Like other American reporters: Ibid., 344.
308 “We who have been” and on German character: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 584–585.
309 “I am firmly convinced”: Ibid., 591–592.
309 “The question before” and “The alternative”: Harsch, Pattern of Conquest, 303–304.
309 Huss interviewed Hitler with quotes and description: Huss, 279–300.
CHAPTER TWELVE: THE LAST ACT
PAGE
311 “The similarities” and rest of descriptions and quotes on December 7 and immediate aftermath: Kennan, Memoirs, 134–135.
311 It was a titanic struggle and statistics on battle for Moscow: Andrew Nagorski, The Greatest Battle: Stalin, Hitler, and the Desperate Struggle for Moscow That Changed the Course of World War II, 2.
312 “General Mud and General Cold”: Antony Beevor and Luba Vinogradova, eds., A Writer at War: Vasily Grossman with the Red Army, 1941–1945, 223.
312 Germany an economic powerhouse: Kershaw, Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis, 434.
313 “We can’t lose”: Ibid., 442.
313 “We are all”: Winston S. Churchill, The Grand Alliance, 605.
313 “To me the best tidings”: Richard M. Langworth, ed., Churchill by Himself: The Definitive Collection of Quotations, 132.
313 The sudden rash of: Charles B. Burdick, An American Island in Hitler’s Reich: The Bad Nauheim Internment, 9.
313 only fifteen, less than a third: See Howard K. Smith, 344, for original number of about fifty.
314 “enemy aliens”: For a description of one of these cases, see HistoryLink.org Essay 8654.
314 “will be done” and rest of Lochner account of press conference, including Schmidt quote: Lochner, What About Germany?, 360–361.
314 bye-bye and rest of Thuermer account: Thuermer, unpublished manuscript, and interview with author.
315 Friends kept dropping by and account of Lochner’s arrest: Lochner, What About Germany?, 363–364.
316 “We still have” and “The Gestapo” and breakfast: Ibid., 364–366.
316 At the embassy and scene with von Ribbentrop: Kennan, 135–136.
316 “entire satanic insidiousness”: Kershaw, 446.
316 cheering news: Lochner, What About Germany?, 366–367.
317 Hitler had ordered: Kennan, 136.
317 Returning to their homes: Burdick, 28.
317 132 Americans: Louis Lochner, “Americans Fed Better Than Germans, But Still Lose Weight,” AP dispatch published in the Frederick Post, May 20, 1942, Associated Press Corporate Archives.
317 It had been closed: Burdick, 37.
317 In January and February: Lochner, What About Germany?, 369.
318 “This showed us”: Lochner, AP dispatch, May 20, 1942.
318 To deal with the constant problems and Patzak also allowed: Burdick, 47.
319 “It is in the general interest”: Ibid., 46.
319 “a rather unique”: Lochner, What About Germany?, 369.
319 The AP’s Ed Shanke: Ibid., 370–371; and Burdick, 48.
319 Alvin Steinkopf: Burdick, 51, 57.
319 “Badheim University” and “Education of the ignorant”: Burdick, 62–63. Other details about activities from Thuermer, unpublished manuscript, and Thuermer interviewed by author.
320 Kennan won permission and other baseball details: Burdick, 85; also Thuermer, unpublished manuscript, and interview.
320 “for disciplinary control”: Kennan, 136.
320 British bombers: Burdick, 96.
321 “to keep the more” and breakfast story at the border: Kennan, 137–138.
321 “We had not”: Ibid., 139.
321 “The department”: Ibid., 139–140.
322 Drottningholm: Burdick, 106.
AFTERWORD
PAGE
326 “She continued to serve”: Helms, 20.
326 “of my Harvard Club friend”: Hanfstaengl, 293.
326 Arriving in Washington: Ibid., 294.
326 “most of the time”: Eric Hanfstaengl interviewed by author (2009).
326 “still in his bones”: Marwell, 517.
Bibliography
ARCHIVAL SOURCES
Associated Press Corporate Archives, New York, NY
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford, CA
Leo Baeck Institute Archives, New York, NY
Library of Congress, Washington, DC
National Archives, College Park, MD
Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University Libraries Archival Collections, New York, NY
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Jacob Beam, unpublished manuscript (with no title page), courtesy of Alex Beam.
David Marwell, “Unwonted Exile: A Biography of Ernst ‘Putzi’ Hanfstaengl,” Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York at Binghamton, 1988.
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