Trudeaumania

by Robert Wright

  104. Pierre Trudeau, cited in Lewis Seale, “Trudeau Delighted by Johnson’s ‘Realistic’ Statement,” GM (October 6, 1967), 10.

  105. Alan C. Cairns, “Why Is It So Difficult to Talk to Each Other?” McGill Law Journal 42 (1997): 71.

  106. Government of Québec, “Preliminary Statement” (November 27–30, 1967), LAC Trudeau Fonds (MG26-020, Volume 22, File 17), 14–22. See also “Twenty Million Questions” (December 13, 1967), LAC Trudeau Fonds (MG26-020, Volume 22, File 17), 1–7; and Saywell, CAR 1967, 88.

  107. Pierre Trudeau, cited in Lewis Seale, “Trudeau More Worried about Issue of French after Manning Speech,” GM (November 23, 1967), 56.

  108. Pierre Trudeau, cited in Dominique Clift, “Trudeau Tells Robarts Avoid ‘Demolition Job,’” TS (September 18, 1967), 1.

  109. Pierre Trudeau, Hansard (November 21, 1967), 4504.

  110. Pearson, 255. See also Tom Hazlitt, “Trudeau Backs Premiers on Federalism,” TS (December 14, 1967), 12.

  111. Lester B. Pearson, “Draft Memorandum to Cabinet: Preparations for Constitutional Discussions” (November 13, 1967), LAC Trudeau Fonds (MG26-020, Volume 22, File 18), 4.

  112. “How does this sort of doc come to be made without consultation of the committee?” a visibly irritated Trudeau scribbled in the margins of an accompanying note from his adviser Jean Beetz, demonstrating that Trudeau and his steering committee really were working in isolation. See Jean Beetz to Pierre Trudeau (November 16, 1967), LAC Trudeau Fonds (MG26-020, Volume 22, File 18), 1.

  113. Pearson, “Draft Memorandum to Cabinet,”4–7.

  CHAPTER FOUR: FROM CELEBRATION TO SURVIVAL

  1.Having followed the trail of Trudeau’s romantic life as far as it led, Trudeau biographer John English accepts Margaret Trudeau’s account of her failed marriage: Pierre could have granted her a divorce after three years’ separation, but he forced her to wait five, at which time she was free to file for divorce unilaterally. See English, Just Watch Me: The Life of Pierre Elliott Trudeau, 1968–2000 (Toronto: Knopf, 2009), 334.

  2.Pierre Trudeau, Hansard (December 4, 1967), 5014.

  3.Ibid, 5014–15.

  4.Andrew Brewin, Hansard (December 4, 1967), 5017.

  5.Ibid., 5018.

  6.Pierre Trudeau, Hansard (December 5, 1967), 5083–84.

  7.Ibid., 5085.

  8.Ibid., 5087.

  9.Ibid., 5088.

  10.Pierre Trudeau, Hansard (December 18, 1967), 5548.

  11.Geoffrey Stevens, “MPs Unanimous in Approving Divorce Reform,” GM (December 20, 1967), 27.

  12.Pierre Trudeau, cited in “Divorce Bill May Be Passed Tonight,” TS (December 19, 1967), 4. See also F.J.E. Jordan, “The Federal Divorce Act (1968) and the Constitution,” McGill Law Journal 14, 2 (1968): 209–71.

  13.“Johnson Wants to Take Over Divorce Laws,” GM (December 22, 1967), 5.

  14.See, for example, Marc Lalonde, “Mémoire à l’hon. Pierre Trudeau” (December 4, 1967), LAC Trudeau Fonds (MG26-020, Volume 22, File 18), 1.

  15.“Unlocking the Locked Step of Law and Morality,” GM (December 12, 1967), 6. See also editorial, “The Beginning of Reform,” GM (December 6, 1967), 6.

  16.See Hansard (December 21, 1967), 5722–28.

  17.See Hansard (February 24, 1967), 13431–32.

  18.See Angus McLaren and Arlene Tigar McLaren, The Bedroom and the State: The Changing Practices and Politics of Contraception and Abortion in Canada, 1880–1997 (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997); and Mollie Dunsmuir, “Abortion: Constitutional and Legal Developments” (Ottawa: Parliament of Canada, Law and Government Division, 1998), http://www.publications.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/CIR/8910-e.htm.

  19.Michael Gillan, “Trudeau Gets Green Light to Ease Law on Abortions,” GM (December 20, 1967), 1.

  20.Pierre Trudeau, cited in Geoffrey Stevens, “Draft Bill Makes Breath Test Compulsory,” GM (June 28, 1967), 1.

  21.Editorial, “This Would Be Heartless Legalism,” TS (June 30, 1967), 6.

  22.Pierre Trudeau, cited in “Doctors Would Make Decisions on Abortions,” TS (December 22, 1967), 3.

  23.Pierre Trudeau, cited ibid.; “Life, Health of Woman Would Be Abortion Ground,” GM (December 22, 1967), 5; and “Trudeau Abortion Stand Angers Priest,” CP (December 26, 1967).

  24.See Stuart Chambers, “Pierre Elliott Trudeau and Bill C-150: A Rational Approach to Homosexual Acts, 1968–69,” Journal of Homosexuality 57, 2 (December 2009): 249–66.

  25.Klippert v. The Queen (November 7, 1967), Canada Law Reports: Supreme Court of Canada, 832.

  26.Ibid., 831.

  27.Editorial, “A Return to the Middle Ages,” TS (November 10, 1967), 6.

  28.Editorial, “Not Parliament’s Intention,” GM (November 11, 1967), 6.

  29.Stephen Neiger, cited in Sidney Katz, “Homosexuals Shocked by Life Term Ruling,” TS (November 11, 1967), 5.

  30.See Tom Hazlitt, “Trudeau Backs Change in Homosexual Law,” TS (November 9, 1967), 56.

  31.Pierre Trudeau, cited ibid.

  32.Pierre Trudeau, interview CBC-TV (December 21, 1967). Available online as “Omnibus Bill: ‘There’s no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation,” CBCDA, http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1811727781.

  33.Pierre Trudeau, cited in Don Peacock, Journey to Power (Toronto: Ryerson, 1968), 262.

  34.Pierre Trudeau, cited in Christina McCall and Stephen Clarkson, Trudeau and Our Times, vol. 1, The Magnificent Obsession (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1990), 73.

  35.R.E. Turner, cited in “Authorities Favor Change in Sex Laws,” GM (December 22, 1967), 5.

  36.Cited ibid.

  37.Cited in Katz, “Homosexuals Shocked,”5.

  38.Editorial, “Trudeau: The Boldest Reformer of Them All,” TS (December 22, 1967), 4.

  39.Cited in Peacock, Journey to Power, 178.

  40.George Bain, “Leg-Up for a Long-Shot,” GM (December 28, 1967), 6.

  41.Robert Stanbury, cited in Douglas Stuebing, with John Marshall and Gary Oakes, Trudeau: A Man for Tomorrow (Toronto: Clark-Irwin, 1978), 43.

  42.Gérard Pelletier, “Trudeau Travelled the World with a Knapsack on His Back,” TS (January 6, 1968), 8. Again in early January 1968, an unnamed Ottawa insider commented on Trudeau’s softening style: “Mr. Trudeau has suddenly gained new credibility in the Quebec wing. An important factor in the change appears to have been a private meeting he had with Quebec MPs late last month to outline the Government’s constitutional policy. Conditioned to think of him as an arrogant, ivory-tower intellectual, many of the MPs were reported to be favorably surprised by his manner and his thinking.” Cited in Lewis Seale, “Trudeau Gaining Quebec Backing for Leadership,” GM (January 4, 1968), 3.

  43.See Doug Owram, Born at the Right Time: A History of the Baby Boom Generation (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996), 218; and Myrna Kostash, Long Way from Home: The Story of the Sixties Generation in Canada (Toronto: Lorimer, 1980).

  44.Lester B. Pearson, Mike: The Memoirs of the Right Honourable Lester B. Pearson, vol. 3, 1957–1968, ed. John A. Munro and Alex I. Inglis (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1975), 310.

  45.See Peter J. Nicholson, “The Growth Story: Canada’s Long-run Economic Performance and Prospects,” International Productivity Monitor 7 (Fall 2003): 1–23.

  46.See, for example, Peter C. Newman, “The Quiet Race to Become Pearson’s Heir,” TS (December 16, 1965), 7.

  47.Anthony Westell, “Pearson’s Greatest Challenge Lies Ahead,” GM (December 15, 1967), 7.

  48.Daniel Johnson, cited in “PM’s Resignation Leaves Question Mark over Bill of Rights Conference,” GM (December 15, 1967), 9.

  49.Pearson, Mike, 314.

  50.“The Big Day,” CP (December 15, 1967).

  51.Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Memoirs (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1993), 84–85.

  52.Jean Marchand, cited in George Radwanski, Trudeau (Toronto: Macmillan, 1978), 98.

  53.Ibid.

  54.Pierre Trudeau, cited ibid., 99.
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br />   55.Ramsay Cook, “What’s Special about the NDP’s Status for Quebec?” GM (August 3, 1967), 7.

  56.See Roger Newman, “Special Status Plans Lack Logic, Trudeau Says,” GM (October 13, 1967), 1–2; and “Trudeau Says Special Status Bad,” TS (October 13, 1967), 2.

  57.Editorial, “Quebec Can’t Play in Both Leagues,” TS (October 13, 1967), 6.

  58.Pierre Trudeau, cited in “Trudeau Urges Guarantee for French Culture Rights,” CP (October 17, 1967). Towards the end of the Liberal leadership campaign, Trudeau’s backers brought out a second book of his writings, this one aimed at ordinary Quebec voters and eschewing the erudite tone of Federalism and the French Canadians. Entitled Réponses (Answers) and introduced by Gérard Pelletier, the 143-page work comprised statements Trudeau had made on various issues—much like the better-known Conversations with Canadians published in 1972. See Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Réponses (Montréal: Éditions du Jour, 1968).

  59.Cited in George Bain, “A Prospective Candidate,” GM (December 27, 1967), 6.

  60.Peter C. Newman, A Nation Divided: Canada and the Coming of Pierre Trudeau (New York: Knopf, 1969), 446–48.

  61.Michael Bliss, Writing History: A Professor’s Life (Toronto: Dundurn, 2011), 70–72.

  62.Frank Jones, “They’re Boosters (er) of Pierre (cough) Elliott (ahem) Trudeau,” TS (January 23, 1968), 7.

  63.Ramsay Cook, cited ibid.

  64.Bain, “A Prospective Candidate,” 6.

  65.Bain, “Leg-Up for a Long Shot,” 6.

  66.Peter C. Newman, “Opinion-makers Pick Their Man: Pierre Trudeau,” TS (January 12, 1968), 7.

  67.Peter C. Newman, “Trudeau,” TS (December 30, 1967), 2.

  68.Pierre Berton, cited in Newman, “Opinion-makers Pick Their Man,” 7.

  69.Alastair Dow, “Trudeau: Trend to Tomorrow’s Society,” TS (December 23, 1967), 7.

  70.See John Saywell, ed., CAR 1968 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969), 17; and Newman, A Nation Divided, 446–48.

  71.Marc Lalonde, cited in Radwanski, Trudeau, 98–99.

  72.“8 Prospective Leadership Candidates,” TS (January 3, 1968), 2.

  73.Cited in Peacock, Journey to Power, 186.

  74.See George Bain, “How Quebec Rates Them,” GM (January 13, 1968), 6.

  75.See “Le bill Trudeau et l’ivresse au volant,” LD (January 10, 1968), 5; Vincent Prince, “Devant la légalisation des tests d’haleine,” LD (January 10, 1968), 4; Vincent Harvey and Hélène Pelletier-Baillargeon, “De Salomon à Pierre Elliott Trudeau,” LD (January 12, 1968), 4; and Claude Ryan, “M. Marchand ou M. Trudeau,” LD (January 17, 1968), 4.

  76.See “Quebeckers Map Leadership Plans,” TS (January 16, 1968), 29.

  77.“2 Discuss Candidates for Quebec,” GM (January 16, 1968), 9.

  78.John Turner, cited in Geoffrey Stevens, “Turner Enters Liberal Leadership Race,” GM (January 19, 1968), 4.

  79.Ibid. See also editorial, “La candidature de John Turner,” LD (January 19, 1968), 4; and the twin editorials “Mr. Sharp Brings Experience” and “Mr. Turner Brings Youth,” GM (January 19, 1968), 6.

  80.Frank McGee, “Sharp as PM?” TS (January 19, 1968), 7.

  81.Editorial, “Mr. Martin Tries Again,” GM (January 20, 1968), 6.

  82.Geoffrey Stevens, “PM Lectures Leadership Hopefuls on Need for Cabinet Solidarity,” GM (January 18, 1968), 1. See also “La campagne des aspirants se déplace vers les Maritimes,” LD (January 13, 1968), 1; “Le débat de Halifax accentue les rumeurs de dissension au sein du gouvernement libéral,” LD (January 15, 1968), 1; and “Pearson rappelle aux candidats les exigences de la solidarité,” LD (January 18, 1968), 1.

  83.“Turner Joins the Liberal Race,” TS (January 18, 1968), 3. Trudeau was opposed to the feds’ introduction of medicare at this stage of the debate, but only on constitutional grounds.

  84.“M. Winters annonce sa décision de quitter la politique fédérale,” LD (January 13, 1968), 1.

  85.Zündel, a German immigrant to Canada, announced March 8, 1968, that he was entering the Liberal leadership race to represent what he called “Canada’s third element,” its immigrant population. See “New Canadian Tries for PM’s Job,” TS (March 13, 1968), 3.

  86.Lester Pearson, cited in “Pearson Says Unity Make-or-Break Issue,” TS (January 22, 1968), 1.

  87.Lester Pearson, cited in George Bain, “Mr. Trudeau’s Mission,” GM (January 20, 1968), 6.

  88.“Trudeau Visits Premiers in Arranging Conference,” GM (January 20, 1968), 2. See also Bain, “Mr. Trudeau’s Mission,” 6; “Trudeau Still Hedges on Leadership Plans,” TS (January 24, 1968), 1; and Pierre-C. O’Neill, “Trudeau a entrepris en grand secret une tournée des capitales de l’Ouest,” LD (January 19, 1968), 1.

  89.Bain, “Mr. Trudeau’s Mission,” 6.

  90.“Trudeau Visits Premiers,” 2.

  91.H. Carl Goldenberg, “Notes on Meetings with Provincial Premiers on Constitutional Conference” (January 19–31, 1968), LAC Trudeau Fonds (MG26-020, Volume 22, File 18), 11–19.

  92.Pierre Trudeau, cited in “Trudeau Visits Premiers,” 2.

  93.W.A.C. Bennett, cited ibid.

  94.W.A.C. Bennett, cited in “The Old Constitution Good Enough: Bennett,” CP (January 26, 1968).

  95.“Quebec’s Johnson Renews Call for New Constitution,” CP (January 27, 1968), 4.

  96.Pierre Trudeau, cited in Jack Cahill, “Ontario, Ottawa Reach Accord on Confederation Meeting,” TS (January 22, 1968), 1, 3.

  97.John Robarts, cited ibid.

  98.Jean Marchand, cited ibid.

  99.Ibid.

  100. Pierre Trudeau, cited in Robert Miller, “‘Showdown’ with Provinces Is Hinted,” TS (January 24, 1968), 3; and “Trudeau croit encore que la réforme constitutionnelle n’est pas une priorité,” LD (January 25, 1968), 16.

  101. Roy Shields, “All at Once, Canadian Politics Is the Hottest Programming on TV,” TS (January 31, 1968), 7.

  102. Editorial, “Trudeau Won’t Be Visiting Munich,” TS (January 24, 1968), 6.

  103. Joey Smallwood, cited in “Smallwood Accepts Ottawa Constitutional Plan,” CP (January 26, 1968).

  104. Pierre Trudeau, cited in “Trudeau Mum on Leadership as He Meets with Premiers,” TS (January 26, 1968), 8.

  105. Peter C. Newman, “Trudeau Is the Man Who’s Got Liberals Excited,” TS (January 27, 1968), 1–2.

  106. “He Still Likes Those Cool Clothes,” TS (January 29, 1968), 1.

  107. Lewis Seale, “Quebec Liberals Wait for a Sign from Trudeau,” GM (January 19, 1968), 7.

  108. Jean Marchand, cited in “Marchand ‘Cool-It’ Paves Way for Trudeau,” TS (January 28, 1968), 4.

  109. See Walter Gray, “Marchand Not Likely to Run for Leadership,” TS (January 25, 1968), 4.

  110. Jean Marchand, cited in Lewis Seale, “Marchand Tells Quebec Liberals to Avoid Sidetracking,” GM (January 27, 1968), 11.

  111. See Ronald Lebel, “Trudeau to Be the Star of the Show,” TS (January 25, 1968), 9; and Dominique Clift, “Quebec Liberal Meeting Is Tailored to Launch Trudeau,” TS (January 26, 1968), 7.

  112. “Pour l’abolition de la monarchie,” LD (January 29, 1968), 1.

  113. Pierre Trudeau, cited in Peter C. Newman, “Canada at the Crossroads,” TS (February 2, 1968), 1, 4.

  114. Pierre Trudeau, cited in Peacock, Journey to Power, 197.

  115. Michel Roy, “Trudeau se déclare prêt à une alliance avec Johnson,” LD (January 29, 1968), 1, 14. See also Claude Ryan, “Les deux ‘événements’ du congrès libéral,” LD (January 29, 1968), 4.

  116. Pierre Trudeau, cited in Ronald Lebel, “Strong Ottawa Backed by Quebec Liberal Wing,” GM (January 29, 1968), 1.

  117. Dominique Clift, “Quebec Convention Triumph for Trudeau,” TS (January 29, 1968), 1, 4.

  118. Lewis Seale, “Quebec Liberals Wait for a Sign from Trudeau,” GM (January 19, 1968), 7.

  119. Cited in Peacock, Journey to Power, 202.

  120. Editorial, “Quebe
c Liberals Choose Canadianism,” TS (January 29, 1968), 6.

  121. Claude Ryan, “La vieille tentation du Canada anglais,” LD (February 1, 1968), 4.

  122. Daniel Johnson, cited in “Johnson Rejects Separatism,” CP (January 30, 1968); “Johnson accuse Trudeau de partisanerie,” LD (January 30, 1968), 1; editorial, “À propos du ‘petit empire’ québécois,” LD (January 31, 1968), 4; and “M. Johnson voit un acte d’agression contre Québec,” LD (February 1, 1968), 1.

  123. See “Sauvé signale le danger d’une candidature du Québec,” LD (January 6, 1968), 1.

  124. Claude Ryan, cited in Val Sears, “How Trudeau Dazzled the Quebec Liberals,” TS (January 29, 1968), 7.

  125. See Newman, “Trudeau Is the Man,” 2.

  126. Yves Paré, a fifty-two-year-old Montreal businessman with connections to the party’s old guard, openly challenged Jean Marchand’s hand-picked successor in the race for the presidency of the Quebec Liberal Federation, thirty-two-year-old Claude Frenette. Frenette ended up winning handily, 521 votes to 181, but Paré’s stated intention to bring Quebec Liberals in behind Paul Hellyer’s leadership bid lingered. See Clift, “Marchand’s ‘Cool It’ Plea,” 1, 4.

  127. Cited in Seale, “Quebec Liberals Wait,” 7. See also Michel Roy, “Trudeau, candidat malgré lui?” LD (January 31, 1968), 1.

  CHAPTER FIVE: THE SACRED AND THE PROFANE

  1.Roy Shields, “All at Once, Canadian Politics Is the Hottest Programming on TV,” TS (January 31, 1968), 7.

  2.Hugh Thomson, “Trudeau et al.,” GM (February 2, 1968), n.p.

  3.Editorial, “All Canada Belongs at This Conference,” GM (February 1, 1968), 6.

  4.Peter C. Newman, “At Stake Next Monday Morning: National Survival,” TS (February 3, 1968), 1.

  5.Lester Pearson, cited in Tom Hazlitt, “Disunited Canada Could Die, PM Warns,” TS (January 29, 1968), 4. See also Pierre-C. O’Neill, “La conférence de février amorcera le processus de réforme de la constitution,” LD (January 29, 1968), 1; and Pierre-C. O’Neill, “Que faut-il attendre au juste de cette conférence de la ‘dernière chance’?” LD (February 2, 1968), 1.

  6.Lester Pearson recalled, “I did most of the talking for the federal government but there was one notable occasion when Mr. Trudeau had to intervene in reply to some previous interjections by Daniel Johnson. The forceful impression he made as a strong man and a quick debater, as an agile intellect with firm views, was not limited to the conference hall; his intervention was remarked throughout the country. Until then Mr. Trudeau had little occasion to reveal himself to the public mind except in connection with criminal law reform. As I have noted, we wanted to focus the conference on our proposal for a Bill of Rights entrenched in our constitution (Trudeau was very keen about this and made an admirable case for it).” See Lester B. Pearson, Mike: The Memoirs of the Right Honourable Lester B. Pearson, vol. 3, 1957–1968, ed. John A. Munro and Alex I. Inglis (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1975), 257.