Lincoln and the Power of the Press The War for Public Opinion
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Richards, Caroline Cowles, 552–53
Richards, Joseph, 217
Richardson, Albert Deane, 327, 437, 438–39, 471
Richmond, Va.:
fall of, 547
Lincoln’s visit to, 548–49
McClellan’s planned seizure of, 385–87
Richmond Dispatch, 260, 409–10, 459, 547
Richmond Enquirer, xvii, 78, 139, 145, 167–68, 183, 211, 454, 457
Richmond Examiner, 456, 477
Richmond Sentinel, 459
Richmond Whig, 292, 299
Ripley, George, 61, 62
Ritchie, Thomas, 78, 106, 117
Rivers, John C., 78–79
Robinson, Charles D., 518–19
Robinson, Stuart, 540
Rockford Forum, 265
Rock Island Register, 203, 468
Roman Catholicism, 27
Ropes, John Codman, 464
Rosecrans, William, 497
Rothschilds, 534–35
Russell, Abraham D., 494, 634
Russell, William Howard, 316–22, 320, 325, 333, 369
Bennett’s accusations against, 363
as cut off from news, 379, 381–82
press suppression criticized by, 355
in return to England, 381–82
Rust, Albert, 165
Sabbatarianism, 59
Sacramento Bee, 449
Sacramento Daily Union, 478–79, 480, 538, 544
St. Cloud Democrat, 610
St. Cloud Journal, 265
St. John’s College, 564
St. Louis Christian Advocate, 340
St. Louis Daily Evening News, 340
St. Louis Missourian, 340
St. Louis Observer, 34
St. Louis Republican, 80
St. Louis State Journal, 339
St. Louis War Bulletin, 340
Salter, George H. C., 299–300, 316
Sanders, George, 513–14
Sandusky Daily Register, 521
Sanford, Edward S., 365, 366
Sangamo Journal, 11–15, 13, 36, 37, 46, 195
and cost of telegraphed news, 74
income of, 46
Lincoln’s Kansas-Nebraska speech printed in, 153
Lincoln’s “Spot” oration printed in, 82
Mexican War supported by, 76
name change of, 120
“Rebecca” letters in, 48–49, 99
Register’s rivalry with, 39, 41, 42, 43, 46
selling of, 162, 195
as unaffiliated, 162
Whig politics of, 41
Santa Anna, Antonio López de, 73
Saturday Review, 452
Savannah, Ga., 458
Sawyer, Samuel, 435
Sawyer, “Sausage,” 114–15
Schenck, Robert C., 114, 420, 421, 430
Schneider, George, 158–59
Schofield, John M., 440–41
Schouler, William, 232
Scott, Dred, 167
Scott, Walter, 178
Scott, Winfield, 73, 144–45, 145, 314, 318, 323, 350, 360–61
Bull Run news censored by, 323
habeas corpus suspended by, 312
Lincoln’s meeting with, 392–93
Scripps, John L., 173, 242, 243, 273, 510
Seaton, William Winston, 76–78, 77, 95, 106, 117, 307, 401, 487, 593
Lincoln’s discussion of antislavery bill with, 108
Russell’s dinner with, 379
secession crisis, 260–63, 267, 299, 330–31, 339, 345, 367, 377
initial rumblings of, 258–59
Lincoln accused of being aggressor in, 288
New York City’s threat in, xxiv, 303
in press, xxiv, xxvii, 258–62
Secession Winter, 264–65
Hay’s reports on, 282
Villard’s reports on, 271–73, 273, 276, 281
Second Bank of the United States, 23
secret ballots, xxi–xxii
Secret Six, 207, 212
Secrets of the American Bastille (Winder), 350
sectionalism, exacerbated by press, xxiv
Seddon, James, 288
sedition law, xvii
Sells, Benjamin F., 463
Senate, U.S., 410–11
Committee on Territories of, 93–94
Military Affairs Committee of, 309
Seven Pines, Battle of, 388
Seward, Frederick, 364–65, 368, 368, 374
Seward, William H., 60, 193, 221, 257, 290, 314, 329, 351, 381, 390, 404, 419, 483, 510, 525–26, 527, 529, 532, 610
administration’s lack of policy criticized by, 298
advice to Lincoln on first inaugural, 290–91
alleged support for Brown from, 213
in bid for nomination of 1860, 224, 225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 246, 255, 256, 305, 497
Confederate press read by, 458
Durrett released from jail by, 342
elected to Senate, 137
emancipation delay pushed by, 395–96
and false calls for volunteers, 491
Greeley given exclusive news by, 137
Greeley’s opposition to nomination of, 224, 225, 229, 234–35, 236, 237, 277
Greeley’s request of spoils from, 53
Greeley’s severing of relationship with, 153–56
“Higher Law” doctrine of, 227
“irrepressible conflict” speech of, 214, 226–27
Lincoln’s first meeting with, 101–2, 249
made secretary of state, 277
newspaper suppression and, 341, 492, 495
New York Republicans’ dislike of, 214
power desired by, 356
promoted for New York governor, 51
Russell greeted by, 317
in Trent affair, 363–64
Webb pardoned by, 90, 128
Weed’s desire of cabinet position for, 267, 268
Seymour, Horatio, 411, 442, 448, 488
Shakespeare, William, 82, 420, 482
Shaw, William B., 316
Sheahan, James Washington, 143, 156–57, 164–65, 170, 174, 428
death of, 561
Douglas campaign biography issued by, 241
Lincoln-Douglas debate publication and, 216
Times sold by, 241
Unionism supported by, 422
Shepard, Elliott F., 252
Shepherd, Nicholas H., 68
Sheridan, James B., 180, 181
Sheridan, Philip, 530
Sherman, John, 435
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 320, 359–60, 431, 459, 530
Atlanta captured by, 527–28
press suppression of, 435–37, 436, 438, 439
Shields, James W., 48–49, 157
Shifflet, Hillory, 462, 463
Shiloh, Battle of, 360, 435
Shiloh Presbyterian Church, 416
Sickles, Daniel, 369
Sinclair, Samuel, 218
slaves, slavery, xiv, xvii, 116
colonization and, 144, 398
considered war contraband by Butler, 332, 389
in D.C., 106–8, 111, 384, 419, 603
Frémont’s freeing of, 332–33
Lincoln’s letter to Greeley on emancipation of, 400–402, 403–4, 405–6, 407, 428, 448
Lincoln’s plan for Border State abolition of, 382–84, 394–95, 413
in newspapers, xxiv, xxvii
as non-issue in early nineteenth century, 41
in Oregon Territory, 106
Popular Sovereignty and, 150, 166, 169–70, 204, 215–16, 239, 266
Republicans’ avoidance of issue in 1860 campaign, 252
Russell’s recoiling at, 318
Thirteenth Amendment and, 498–99, 541–43, 545
in Western lands, 94
see also abolitionism; abolitionist press; Brown, John; Emancipation Proclamation
slave trade, domestic, 141
Slidell, John, 363, 367
Smalley, George, 326
/> Smedes, William C., 267–68
Smith, Caleb Blood, xxiii
Smith, Gerrit, 212
Smith, Henry M., 282
Smith, Richard, 474
Smith, Seba, 40
Snow, George, 62
Snowden, Edgar, 338
Snowden, Thomas, 127
Society for the Diffusion of Political Knowledge, 489
soldier recruitment bill, 112
South, 197
desire for confederacy in, 211
differences with North over slavery, 209–10
Northern trade with, 198
see also secession crisis
South, 365
South Carolina, 390
secession of, 260–63, 266–67
Unionist press in, 458
“Southern Cross, The,” 430
Southern Democratic Party, 239
Southern Illustrated News, 388, 459–60
speeches, xix
Speed, James, 342
Spies, A. W., 419
Spirit of the Times, 10, 11, 16, 50, 355
spiritualism, 59
“Spot” resolutions, 97, 177, 805
Sprigg, Ann, 70, 105, 107
Springfield, Ill., xxvi, 11
Democratic press in, 38–39
Greeley’s visit to, 276–77, 279, 288
newspapers in, xiv
as “paradise in miniature,” xiii
as political hotbed, xiii–xiv
Sangamo Journal in, see Sangamo Journal
“Two Year” threat meeting in, 187
Villard’s reports from, 271–73, 273, 276, 281, 304, 560
Springfield Extra Journal, 47
Springfield Republican, 194–95, 201
Springfield State Journal-Register, 559–60
see also Illinois State Journal; Illinois State Register
Stager, Theodore, 282
Stahr, Walter, 102
Stanton, Edwin M., 368, 390–91, 426, 431, 468, 475, 523, 527
and false calls for volunteers, 491
Sanford made military supervisor by, 365
strict censorship of newspapers by, 373–75, 385, 386, 419, 492, 495–96
telegraph offices moved by, 365–66
Times refused press pass by, 483–84, 483
“Star-Spangled Banner, The,” 338
State Assembly, Illinois, 11, 13, 14, 16
State Assembly, New York, 130–32, 133, 384–85
State Department, U.S., 132, 319, 356
newspaper advertising of, 309–10
State Register (Springfield), 39–40, 82, 103, 241
state rights, in newspapers, xxiv
steamboats, 72, 113
steam-driven press, 29, 31
Stedman, Edmund, 316
Stephens, Alexander, 543
Sterrett, Joseph M., 8
Stevens, J. L., 340
Stimson, N. R., 345, 352
Stoddard, William Osborn, 202, 245, 274–75, 336, 394, 465, 466, 471, 479, 486
Stone, William Leete, 20
Storey, Wilbur, 328, 422, 425, 425, 430, 435, 561
Storm, Jane McManus, 73, 588
Story, Francis, 50
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 111, 149, 205, 215, 471
Strong, George Templeton, 301–2, 346, 442–43, 494, 550
Stuart, J. E. B., 433
Subgenation (Van Evrie), 505
Sulzberger, Adolph Ochs, Jr., 565, 566
Sumner, Charles, 165–66, 381
Swett, Leonard, 400
Swinton, John, 287, 325
Raymond praised by, 556
Swinton, William, 325, 327, 328, 433
Swisshelm, Jane Grey, 265, 327
Swords, J. M., 460
Sylvania Colony, 128
Tammany Hall, 26, 39n, 147
Taney, Roger B., 166, 167, 167, 168
Tarbell, Ida, 649
tariffs, 12, 41, 283
Taylor, Guy, 462
Taylor, Herbert Bayard, 61, 62, 252, 317
Taylor, Zachary, 87, 103, 119, 592
death of, 139
in 1848 election, 87, 98, 99–103, 113
inauguration of, 116, 117
Lincoln’s endorsement of, 99–103, 113
Tazewell Mirror, 139
telegraph, 29, 147, 322, 326, 328, 356, 362, 544
under military control, 337, 364–69, 368, 372
as used by newspapers, 74–75
television, xxi
temperance movement, 6, 59
Temperance Party, 154
Tennessee:
secession of, 299
Unionist press in, 58
Terrell, W. G., 282
Texas, 72
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 316
“Thanatopsis” (Bryant), 20
Thayer, H. Emmons, 366
Thayer, W. S., 273
theatrical feuds, 27
“The Nigger” in the Woodpile, 252, 253
Thirteenth Amendment, 498–99, 541–43, 545
Thompson, Jacob, 513–14
Thoreau, Henry David, 61
Thorpe, T. B., 652
Tilton, Theodore, 218, 426–27, 471, 478, 499, 526, 527, 528, 562–63, 649
Times (London), 318, 343, 363
“Tippecanoe and Tyler, too!” slogan, 53
tobacco, 59
Tocqueville, Alexis de, xvi
Toledo Blade, 265
Town, Charles, 210
Townsend, George Alfred, 310, 328, 385–86, 392
Townsend, Peter, 30
Transcendentalism, 59, 61
transcontinental railroad, 150
“transient” papers, 17
travel expenses, 113–15
Treasury Department, U.S., 226, 356, 523
Tremont House hotel, 226
Trent affair, 362–64, 366, 367, 629
Trenton, N.J., 283, 285–86
Tribune Almanac and Political Register, 243
Tribune Association, 506, 558
Tribune Tract, 222–23, 242, 243
Trollope, Anthony, xx, 316, 371–72
True American, xxiii
Trumbull, Lyman, 157, 170, 203, 264–65, 266, 270, 426, 604
trust-busting, 59
Truth from an Honest Man, The, 430
Tucker, Joseph W., 339
Turner, H. M., 417
Turner, Thomas J., 114
Tuscarawas Advocate, 159
Twentieth Amendment, 587
two-party system, xxiv
Two Year threat, 187
Tyler, John, 47, 274
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 111, 149, 215, 377
Union, see North
Union League, 426
United States Telegraph, xviii, xix, 23
Usher, John P., 485
Utah, 72
Vallandigham, Clement L., 339–40, 430, 431, 454
arrest of, 423–24, 489
Van Buren, Martin, 24, 27, 43, 46, 53, 592
in election of 1848, 87, 103
Old Soldier attack on, 44
Vandalia, Ill., 38–39
Vanderhoef, Lorenzo, 647
Van Evrie, James H., 345, 346, 505
Vanity Fair, 231, 262, 287, 290, 374
Varon, Elizabeth, xxii
Veracruz, Mexico, 72
Vicksburg, Battle of, 438, 460–61
Vicksburg Daily Citizen, 433, 460–61, 647
Victor, Orville J., 52
Villard, Henry, 187, 192, 369, 488, 496
at Bull Run, 316, 328–29
death of, 560
Lincoln’s train ride to D.C. reported on by, 282, 283, 284–85
memoirs by, 328
Springfield reports of, 271–73, 273, 276, 281, 304, 560
Virginia, 337
secession of, 299
Unionist press in, 458
Virginia, CSS, 387
Vizetelly, Frank, 321
von Schneidau, Johan Carl Fredrik Polycarpus, xxxii, 158–59, 160
Wade, Benjamin, 5
24–25
Wade, W. H., 459–60
Wade-Davis Manifesto, 525, 529
Wadsworth, James, 389, 390
Wakeman, Abram, 502, 532–33, 537
Wakeman, George, 504
Walker, George, 120, 169
Walker, LeRoy, 297
Walker, Robert J., 377–78, 402
Wall, James W., 351
Wallace, Lew, 508
Wallace, William, 595
Walpole, Horace, 23
Walters, William, 38–39, 38, 40, 42, 43, 45, 47, 66, 119
Ward, John Quincy Adams, 559
Ward, Sam, 382
War Department, U.S., 297, 327, 348, 356, 366, 424–25, 431, 464, 491, 493, 496, 523
censorship by, 373–75
Herald’s call for overhaul of, 390–91
War of 1812, 99
treaty ending, xviii
War Powers of the President (Whiting), 421–22
Warren Journal, 352
Washburne, Elihu, 178, 381
Washington, D.C., xxvi, 70
out-of-town papers in, 488
slavery in, 106–8, 111, 384
Washington, George, 248, 285, 291
Lincoln’s invocation of, 218, 222
press opposed to, xvii
Washington Chronicle, 294, 311, 308–9, 413, 420, 450, 466–67, 472, 481, 487, 544, 564
censorship of, 374
State Department advertising in, 309–10
“Stonewall” Jackson’s death in, 432
Washington Constitution, 266
Washington Globe, xix, xxiii, 23, 24, 78, 351
Washington Lecture Association, 376
Washington National Intelligencer, xix, 12, 38, 76–77, 77, 79, 84, 95, 101, 106, 111, 125, 401, 404, 410, 428, 431, 487, 550, 564
congressional pay to, 112–13
official advertising in, 307
official status stripped from, 117–18
Polk mourned in, 116
Washington National Republican, 307–8, 332, 466, 620
Washington National Union, 77, 78, 106, 111, 142, 143, 307
congressional pay to, 112–13
Polk extolled in, 116
Washington Star, 466–67
Washington States and Union, 241
“Waste of Time in Congress,” 104
Watt, John, 369–71
Waud, Alfred A., 316
Webb, James Watson, 16, 20, 23, 26, 30
Anderson called traitor by, 303
Assembly position sought by, 131–32
Bennett’s fight and disputes with, 29–30, 31, 213
Brazilian post of, 311–12
conviction of, 90
death of, 562
at 1852 Republican Convention, 144–45
1860 campaigning, 254
Frémont supported by, 164
Greeley’s disputes with, 63, 90–91, 127–28, 213
hostility to Kossuth and, 141
Lincoln’s breakfast with, 285
Lincoln’s letter on secession to, 267
as minister to Brazil, 562
pardon of, 90, 128
Raymond offered job by, 127
Raymond’s fight with, 144–45
Wilmer’s dislike of, 200
Webb, William Seward, 90