The Captured
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Acknowledgements
For information on the white Indians that could not be obtained from public archives, I relied heavily on the kindness of strangers, many of whom became my friends and regular correspondents. I am deeply indebted to these genealogists, fellow researchers, and descendants of the individual captives whose lives I followed:
Dot and Banc Babb: Eugene T. Babb, Leslie Hargus, Anna Crooks, Daniel Crooks, Claudia Crooks, Roy Slonaker, Bette S. Anderson, Roslyn Shelton, Bill Lynch, Debby McClintock, Carol Schmitt, Marca Kent, Lydia Tilbury Hair, Marcy George, Claud Elsom Jr., and Molly Culver.
Minnie Caudle: Damon W. Benson, Neoma Benson Cain, Frank Modgling, Johnie Lee Reeves, Wayne Benson, Dave Johnson, Debbie Modgling Rieger, Janine Modgling, Kathleen Burns, Jodie H. Benson, Audrey Vodehnal, Christopher H. Wynkoop, and Cindy Gettelfinger.
Rudolph Fischer: Josephine and Edward Wapp, Teresa Parker, Lorene Kerchee Pewe-wardy, Betty Crocker, Kenn Knopp, and Sallie Tonips.
Temple Friend: William A. Hadwiger, Tom W. Locke, and Tom Kingery.
Adolph Korn: Lela Korn Hennigh, Jerry Korn, Gene Zesch, Lora Hey, Susie Ellison, Peggy Laverty, Patty Moss, Max Hey, Ron Sheets, Patricia McCrory, Johnita Bohmfalk, Al Dreyer, Neil Fisher, Gerald Geistweidt, Delvin Bauer, and Gerry Gamel.
Herman Lehmann: Gerda Lehmann Kothmann, Esther Lehmann, Vanessa Burzyn-ski, Buzzy Parker, Carlos Parker, and Don Dye.
Clinton and Jeff Smith: Edda Raye Smith Moody, Carlene and Tom Smith, Beth and Allen Smith Jr., Clint and Nettie Smith, Kay Dean, Emmett “Buddy” Smith, C. L. Smith, Joe and Molly Butcher, Jerome Janca, and many other family members who welcomed me at the Smith reunion.
For information on other individual characters in the story: Sarah Franklin, Elizabeth Mahill, Billy Markland, Sam Oatman, Kay Reichenau Ponder, Anita Sanders, and Bobby Wadsworth.
The following staff members and volunteers at research centers patiently and cheerfully responded to my requests for information, often steering me toward sources I otherwise would not have found:
Towana Spivey, Ramona East, and Jo Ruffin, Fort Sill Museum Archives, Fort Sill, Oklahoma;
Deborah A. Baroff, Museum of the Great Plains, Lawton, Oklahoma;
Kristina Southwell, Josh Clough, and John R. Lovett, Western History Collections, The University of Oklahoma Libraries, Norman, Oklahoma;
William D. Welge, Chester Cowen, Bill Moore, Oleta Kite, Tressie Nealy, Lillie Kerr, and Phyllis Adams, Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;