Delphi Complete Works of Procopius

by Procopius of Caesarea

  XXVI

  And on the succeeding day he proceeded to act as follows. Opening wide the gates where he himself kept guard, he placed huge rocks under them, that no one might be able easily to shut them, and he placed armoured men with bows in their hands about the parapet in great numbers, and he himself, having put on his breastplate, took his stand between the gates. And his purpose in doing this was not that he might receive the Moors into the city; for the Moors, being altogether fickle, are suspicious of all men. And it is not unnatural that they are so; for whoever is by nature treacherous toward his neighbours is himself unable to trust anyone at all, but he is compelled to be suspicious of all men, since he estimates the character of his neighbour by his own mind. For this reason, then, Gontharis did not hope that even the Moors would trust him and come inside the circuit-wall, but he made this move in order that Areobindus, falling into great fear, might straightway rush off in flight, and, abandoning Carthage as quickly as he could, might betake himself to Byzantium. And he would have been right in his expectation had not winter come on just then and frustrated his plan. [544-545 A.D.] And Areobindus, learning what was being done, summoned Athanasius and some of the notables. And Artabanes also came to him from the camp with two others and he urged Areobindus neither to lose heart nor to give way to the daring of Gontharis, but to go against him instantly with all his men and engage him in battle, before any further trouble arose. At first, then, Areobindus sent to Gontharis one of his friends, Phredas by name, and commanded him to test the other’s purpose. And when Phredas returned and reported that Gontharis by no means denied his intention of seizing the supreme power, he purposed immediately to go against him arrayed for battle.

  But in the meantime Gontharis slandered Areobindus to the soldiers, saying that he was a coward and not only possessed with fear of the enemy, but at the same time quite unwilling to give them, his soldiers, their pay, and that he was planning to run away with Anastasius and that they were about to sail very soon from Mandracium, in order that the soldiers, fighting both with hunger and with the Moors, might be destroyed; and he enquired whether it was their wish to arrest both and keep them under guard. For thus he hoped either that Areobindus, perceiving the tumult, would turn to flight, or that he would be captured by the soldiers and ruthlessly put to death. Moreover he promised that he himself would advance to the soldiers money of his own, as much as the government owed them. And they were approving his words and were possessed with great wrath against Areobindus, but while this was going on Areobindus together with Artabanes and his followers came there. And a battle took place on the parapet and below about the gate where Gontharis had taken his stand, and neither side was worsted. And all were about to gather from the camps, as many as were well disposed to the emperor, and capture the mutineers by force. For Gontharis had not as yet deceived all, but the majority remained still uncorrupted in mind. But Areobindus, seeing then for the first time the killing of men (for he had not yet, as it happened, become acquainted with this sight), was terror-stricken and, turning coward, fled, unable to endure what he saw.

  Now there is a temple inside the fortifications of Carthage hard by the sea-shore, the abode of men who are very exact in their practice of religion, whom we have always been accustomed to call “monks”; this temple had been built by Solomon not long before, and he had surrounded it with a wall and rendered it a very strong fortress. And Areobindus, fleeing for refuge, rushed into the monastery, where he had already sent his wife and sister. Then Artabanes too ran away, and all the rest withdrew from Carthage as each one could. And Gontharis, having taken the city by assault, with the mutineers took possession of the palace, and was already guarding both the gates and the harbour most carefully. First, then, he summoned Athanasius, who came to him without delay, and by using much flattery Athanasius made it appear that what had been done pleased him exceedingly. And after this Gontharis sent the priest of the city and commanded Areobindus, after receiving pledges, to come to the palace, threatening that he would besiege him if he disobeyed and would not again give him pledges of safety, but would use every means to capture and put him to death. So the priest, Reparatus, stoutly declared to Areobindus that in accordance with the decision of Gontharis he would swear that no harm would come to him from Gontharis, telling also what he had threatened in case he did not obey. But Areobindus became afraid and agreed that he would follow the priest immediately, if the priest, after performing the rite of the sacred bath in the usual manner, should swear to him by that rite and then give him pledges for his safety. So the priest did according to this. And Areobindus without delay followed him, clad in a garment which was suitable neither for a general nor for any one else in military service, but altogether appropriate to a slave or one of private station; this garment the Romans call “casula” in the Latin tongue. And when they came near the palace, he took in his hands the holy scriptures from the priest, and so went before Gontharis. And falling prone he lay there a long time, holding out to him the suppliant olive-branch and the holy scriptures, and with him was the child which had been counted worthy of the sacred bath by which the priest had given him the pledge, as has been told. And when, with difficulty, Gontharis had raised him to his feet, he enquired of Gontharis in the name of all things holy whether his safety was secure. And Gontharis now bade him most positively to be of good cheer, for he would suffer no harm at his hands, but on the following day would be gone from Carthage with his wife and his possessions. Then he dismissed the priest Reparatus, and bade Areobindus and Athanasius dine with him in the palace. And during the dinner he honoured Areobindus, inviting him to take his place first on the couch; but after the dinner he did not let him go, but compelled him to sleep in a chamber alone; and he sent there Ulitheus with certain others to assail him. And while he was wailing and crying aloud again and again and speaking many entreating words to them to move them to pity, they slew him. Athanasius, however, they spared, passing him by, I suppose, on account of his advanced age.

  Τῇ δὲ ἐπιγενομένῃ ἡμέρᾳ τὴν μὲν Ἀρεοβίνδου κεφαλὴν παρὰ τὸν Ἀντάλαν ὁ Γόνθαρις ἔπεμψε, τὰ δὲ χρήματα καὶ τοὺς στρατιώτας αὐτὸν ἀποστερεῖν ἔγνω. [2] Ἀντάλας τοίνυν, ὅτι τέ οἱ τῶν ξυγκειμένων οὐδὲν ἐπετέλει, δεινὰ ἐποιεῖτο, καὶ τά τε ὀμωμοσμένα τά τε εἰργασμένα τῷ Γονθάριδι ἐς τὸν Ἀρεόβινδον ἐννοῶν ἤσχαλλεν. [3] οὐ γάρ οἱ ἐδόκει ὁ τοιούτους ὅρκους ἠδικηκὼς οὔτε αὐτῷ ποτε οὔτε ἄλλῳ ὁτῳοῦν πιστὸς ἔσεσθαι. [4] πολλὰ γοῦν ἐν αὑτῷ λογισάμενος Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ προσχωρεῖν ἤθελε: διὸ δὴ ὀπίσω ἀπήλαυνε. [5] γνούς τε Μαρκέντιον, ὃς τῶν ἐν Βυζακίῳ καταλόγων ἦρχεν, ἐς νῆσόν τινα τῶν ταύτῃ ἐπικειμένων καταφυγεῖν, πέμψας παῤ αὐτὸν φράσας τε τὸν πάντα λόγον καὶ τὰ πιστὰ δούς, τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐπηγάγετο. [6] καὶ Μαρκέντιος μὲν ἔμενε ξὺν τῷ Ἀντάλᾳ ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ, στρατιῶται δὲ ὅσοι ἐν Βυζακίῳ διατριβὴν εἶχον, εὐνοϊκῶς βασιλεῖ ἔχοντες, Ἀδραμητὸν πόλιν ἐφύλασσον. [7] οἱ δὲ τοῦ Στότζα στρατιῶται, οὐχ ἥσσους ἢ χίλιοι ὄντες, αἰσθόμενοι τῶν ποιουμένων, Ἰωάννου σφίσιν ἡγουμένου, παρὰ τὸν Γόνθαριν ἐχώρησαν δρόμῳ: [8] καὶ ὃς αὐτοὺς ἀσμένως τῇ πόλει ἐδέξατο. ἦσαν δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν πεντακόσιοι, Οὖννοι δὲ ὀγδοήκοντα μάλιστα, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ Βανδίλοι ἅπαντες. [9] καὶ Ἀρταβ
άνης τὰ πιστὰ λαβὼν ἔς τε τὸ Παλάτιον ξὺν τοῖς Ἀρμενίοις ἀνέβη καὶ τῷ τυράννῳ ὑπηρετήσειν ἐπιτάσσοντι ὡμολόγησε. [10] λάθρα δὲ ἀνελεῖν τὸν Γόνθαριν ἐβουλεύτετο, Γρηγορίῳ τε τῷ ἀνεψιῷ καὶ Ἀρτασίρῃ τῷ δορυφόρῳ κοινολογησάμενος τὸ βούλευμα τοῦτο. [11] Γρηγόριος δὲ αὐτὸν ἐς τὴν πρᾶξιν ἐνάγων ἔλεξε τοιάδε: ‘Ἀρταβάνη, νῦν σοι πάρεστι μόνῳ τὸ Βελισαρίου ἀναδήσασθαι κλέος, μᾶλλον δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ πολλῷ ἔτι ὑπερβαλέσθαι. [12] ὁ μὲν γὰρ στρατιὰν ἀξιολογωτάτην καὶ χρήματα μεγάλα παρὰ βασιλέως λαβὼν ἐνταῦθα ἧκεν, ἄρχοντας μὲν ἔχων τούς οἱ ἑπομένους καὶ ξυμβούλους πολλούς, στόλον δὲ νηῶν οἷον οὔπω ἡμεῖς ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν, ἵππον τε πολλὴν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν ἅπαντα ἐπαξίως οἱ παρεσκευασμένα τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῆς. [13] οὕτω τε πόνῳ πολλῷ ἀνεσώσατο Λιβύην Ῥωμαίοις. [14] ἅπερ ἅπαντα οὕτως ἀπόλωλεν ὥστε, εἰ μηδὲ ἀρχὴν ἐγεγόνει, ἔν γε τῷ παρόντι ἐν ἴσῳ εἶναι: πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι ἀποκέκριται Ῥωμαίοις τανῦν ἐκ τῆς Βελισαρίου νίκης τοῖς τε σώμασι καὶ τοῖς χρήμασιν ἐζημιῶσθαι, καὶ πρός γε τὸ μηδὲ φυλάξαι τἀγαθὰ δυνατοῖς γεγονέναι. [15] τὸ δὲ πάντα ταῦτα ἀνασώσασθαι τανῦν βασιλεῖ ἐν τῇ σῇ μόνῃ ψυχῇ τε καὶ γνώμῃ καὶ δεξιᾷ κεῖται. [16] οὐκοῦν ἐκλογίζου μὲν ὡς εἶ Ἀρσακίδης ἀνέκαθεν γένος, ἐνθυμοῦ δὲ ὡς τοῖς εὖ γεγονόσιν ἀνδραγαθίζεσθαι ἀεί τε καὶ πανταχῆ πρέπει. [17] πολλὰ γοῦν σοι ἔργα ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐλευθερίας θαυμαστὰ πέπρακται. Ἀκάκιον γάρ, νέος ὢν ἔτι, τὸν Ἀρμενίων ἄρχοντα, καὶ Σίτταν τὸν Ῥωμαίων στρατηγὸν ἔκτεινας, καὶ ἀπ̓ αὐτοῦ Χοσρόῃ βασιλεῖ γνώριμος γεγονὼς ξὺν αὐτῷ ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίους ἐστράτευσας. [18] ἐπεὶ δὲ τηλικόσδε εἶ, ὡς σὸν εἶναι μὴ περιορᾶν τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἀρχὴν ὑπὸ κυνὶ μεθύοντι κεῖσθαι, ἐνδείκνυσο τανῦν ὡς εὐγενείᾳ τε καὶ ψυχῆς ἀρετῇ ἐκεῖνα, ὦ ᾿γαθέ, τὰ πρόσθεν εἰργάσω: ἐγὼ δέ σοι καὶ Ἀρτασίρης ὅδε ἅπαντα ἐπιτάττοντι ὅση δύναμις ὑπουργήσομεν.’ [19] Γρηγόριος μὲν τοσαῦτα εἶπεν: Ἀρταβάνου δὲ τὴν διάνοιαν ἐπὶ τὸν τύραννον ἔτι μᾶλλον ὥρμησεν. [20] ὁ δὲ Γόνθαρις Ἀρεοβίνδου μὲν τήν τε γυναῖκα καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν ἐκ τοῦ φρουρίου ἐξαγαγὼν ἐπί τινος οἰκίας ἠνάγκασε μένειν, οὔτε τι ὑβρίσας λόγῳ ἢ ἔργῳ ὁτῳοῦν ἐς αὐτὰς οὔτε τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ κατὰ τὴν χρείαν ἐχούσας οὔτε τι ἄλλο βιασθείσας εἰπεῖν ἢ πρᾶξαι, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι γράψαι πρὸς τὸν θεῖον ἡ Πρεϊέκτα ἠνάγκαστο ὡς Γόνθαρις μὲν αὐτάς τε τιμῴη ἐς ἄγαν καὶ καθαρὸς εἴη παντάπασι τοῦ τἀνδρὸς φόνου, Οὐλιθέῳ δὲ τὸ κακὸν ἐργασθείη, Γονθάριδος οὐδαμῆ ἐπαινοῦντος. [21] ἔπρασσε δὲ ταῦτα ὁ Γόνθαρις Πασιφίλῳ ἀναπεισθείς, ἀνδρὶ γεγονότι μὲν τῶν ἐν Βυζακίῳ στασιωτῶν πρώτῳ, ξυναραμένῳ δὲ αὐτῷ μάλιστα ἐς τὴν τῆς τυραννίδος ἐπίθεσιν. [22] ἰσχυρίζετο γὰρ ὁ Πασίφιλος, ἢν ταῦτα ποιοίη, ξυνοικιεῖν τε αὐτῷ βασιλέα τὴν κόρην καὶ προῖκα κατὰ τὸ ξυγγενὲς ἐπιδώσειν χρημάτων μεγάλων. [23] Ἀρταβάνην τε τῷ στρατῷ ἐξηγεῖσθαι ἐπί τε Ἀντάλαν καὶ Μαυρουσίους τοὺς ἐν Βυζακίῳ ἐκέλευε. [24] Κουτζίνας γάρ, ἅτε τῷ Ἀντάλᾳ προσκεκρουκώς, ἀπέστη τε αὐτοῦ ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανοῦς καὶ Γονθάριδι προσεχώρησεν: ᾧ δὴ τόν τε παῖδα καὶ τὴν μητέρα ἐν ὁμήρων λόγῳ παρέσχετο. [25] τὸ μὲν οὖν στράτευμα ἡγουμένου Ἀρταβάνου εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸν Ἀντάλαν ἐχώρει. ξυνῆν δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ Ἰωάννης, ὁ τῶν Στότζα στασιωτῶν ἄρχων, καὶ Οὐλίθεος ὁ δορυφόρος: εἵποντο δὲ καὶ Μαυρούσιοι, [26] ὧν Κουτζίνας ἦρχε. πόλιν τε Ἀδραμητὸν διαμείψαντες καταλαμβάνουσι τοὺς ἐναντίους ἐνταῦθά πη ὄντας, καὶ στρατοπεδευσάμενοι ὀλίγῳ ἄποθεν τῶν πολεμίων ηὐλίσαντο. [27] τῇ δὲ ὑστεραίᾳ Ἰωάννης μὲν καὶ Οὐλίθεος, μοῖράν τινα τοῦ στρατοῦ ἔχοντες, αὐτοῦ ἔμειναν, Ἀρταβάνης δὲ καὶ Κουτζίνας ἐπῆγον ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐναντίους τὸ στράτευμα. [28] οὓς δὴ οὐ ξυνενεγκόντες οἱ ξὺν τῷ Ἀντάλᾳ Μαυρούσιοι ἐς φυγὴν ὥρμηντο. [29] ἀλλ̓ ἐθελοκακήσας Ἀρταβάνης ἐκ τοῦ αἰφνιδίου στρέψας τε τὸ σημεῖον ὀπίσω ἀπήλαυνε. [30] διὸ δὴ Οὐλίθεος αὐτὸν ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον ἥκοντα κτείνειν διενοεῖτο. [31] παραιτούμενος δὲ Ἀρταβάνης ἔφασκε δεῖσαι μὴ Μαρκέντιος ἐξ Ἀδραμητοῦ πόλεως ἐπιβοηθήσας τοῖς ἐναντίοις, ὅπη ἐνταῦθα ἐτύγχανεν ὤν, ἀνήκεστα σφᾶς ἔργα ἐργάσηται: [32] ἀλλὰ Γόνθαριν χρῆναι παντὶ τῷ στρατῷ ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἰέναι. [33] καὶ τὰ μὲν πρῶτα ἐβουλεύετο ἐς Ἀδραμητὸν ἰὼν ξὺν τοῖς ἑπομένοις τῷ βασιλέως στρατῷ ἀναμίγνυσθαι. [34] ἄμεινον δέ οἱ πολλὰ διαλογισαμένῳ ἔδοξεν εἶναι Γόνθαριν ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἀφανίσαντι βασιλέα τε καὶ Λιβύην πραγμάτων ἀπαλλάξαι δυσκόλων. [35] ἀναστρέψας οὖν ἐς Καρχηδόνα τῷ τυράννῳ ἀπήγγελλεν ὅτι δὴ στρατεύματος αὐτῷ πλείονος ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους δεήσει. [36] ὁ δὲ Πασιφίλῳ κοινολογησάμενος ἅπαντα μὲν ἐξοπλίσαι τὸν στρατὸν ἤθελεν, αὐτὸς δὲ φυλακὴν ἐν Καρχηδόνι καταστησάμενος ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους τῷ στρατῷ ἐξηγήσασθαι. [37] πολλοὺς μὲν οὖν ἐς ἡμέραν ἑκάστην ἀνῄρει ἐς οὓς ὑποψίᾳ τινὶ καὶ λόγον οὐκ ἐχούσῃ ἐχρῆτο. [38] τῷ δὲ Πασιφίλῳ ἐπέστελλεν, ὃν δὴ καταστήσεσθαι ἐπὶ Καρχηδόνος φυλακῇ ἔμελλε, τοὺς Γραικοὺς ἅπαντας οὐδὲν ὑπολογισαμένῳ κτεῖναι.

  XXVII

  And on the following day Gontharis sent the
head of Areobindus to Antalas, but decided to deprive him of the money and of the soldiers. Antalas, therefore, was outraged, because he was not carrying out anything of what had been agreed with him, and at the same time, upon considering what Gontharis had sworn and what he had done to Areobindus, he was incensed. For it did not seem to him that one who had disregarded such oaths would ever be faithful either to him or to anyone else at all. So after considering the matter long with himself, he was desirous of submitting to the Emperor Justinian; for this reason, then, he marched back. And learning that Marcentius, who commanded the troops in Byzacium, had fled to one of the islands which lie off the coast, he sent to him, and telling him the whole story and giving pledges, persuaded him by kind words to come to him. And Marcentius remained with Antalas in the camp, while the soldiers who were on duty in Byzacium, being well disposed to the emperor, were guarding the city of Hadrumetum. But the soldiers of Stotzas, being not less than a thousand, perceiving what was being done, went in great haste, with John leading them, to Gontharis; and he gladly received them into the city. Now there were five hundred Romans and about eighty Huns, while all the rest were Vandals. And Artabanes, upon receiving pledges, went up to the palace with his Armenians, and promised to serve the tyrant according to his orders. But secretly he was purposing to destroy Gontharis, having previously communicated this purpose to Gregorius, his nephew, and to Artasires, his body-guard. And Gregorius, urging him on to the undertaking, spoke as follows: