Delphi Complete Works of Procopius

by Procopius of Caesarea

  And at the Salarian Gate a Goth of goodly stature and a capable warrior, wearing a corselet and having a helmet on his head, a man who was of no mean station in the Gothic nation, refused to remain in the ranks with his comrades, but stood by a tree and kept shooting many missiles at the parapet. But this man by some chance was hit by a missile from an engine which was on a tower at his left. And passing through the corselet and the body of the man, the missile sank more than half its length into the tree, and pinning him to the spot where it entered the tree, it suspended him there a corpse. And when this was seen by the Goths they fell into great fear, and getting outside the range of missiles, they still remained in line, but no longer harassed those on the wall.

  But Bessas and Peranius summoned Belisarius, since Vittigis was pressing most vigorously upon them at the Vivarium. And he was fearful concerning the wall there (for it was most assailable at that point, as has been said), and so came to the rescue himself with all speed, leaving one of his friends at the Salarian Gate. And finding that the soldiers in the Vivarium dreaded the attack of the enemy, which was being pressed with great vigour and by very large numbers, he bade them look with contempt upon the enemy and thus restored their confidence. Now the ground there was very level, and consequently the place lay open to the attacks of any assailant. And for some reason the wall at that point had crumbled a great deal, and to such an extent that the binding of the bricks did not hold together very well. Consequently the ancient Romans had built another wall of short length outside of it and encircling it, not for the sake of safety (for it was neither strengthened with towers, nor indeed was there any battlement built upon it, nor any other means by which it would have been possible to repulse an enemy’s assault upon the fortifications), but in order to provide for an unseemly kind of luxury, namely, that they might confine and keep there lions and other wild animals. And it is for this reason that this place has been named the Vivarium; for thus the Romans call a place where untamed animals are regularly cared for. So Vittigis began to make ready various engines at different places along the wall and commanded the Goths to mine the outside wall, thinking that, if they should get inside that, they would have no trouble in capturing the main wall, which he knew to be by no means strong. But Belisarius, seeing that the enemy was undermining the Vivarium and assaulting the fortifications at many places, neither allowed the soldiers to defend the wall nor to remain at the battlement, except a very few, although he had with him whatever men of distinction the army contained. But he held them all in readiness below about the gates, with their corselets on and carrying only swords in their hands. And when the Goths, after making a breach in the wall, got inside the Vivarium, he quickly sent Cyprian with some others into the enclosure against them, commanding them to set to work. And they slew all who had broken in, for these made no defence and at the same time were being destroyed by one another in the cramped space about the exit. And since the enemy were thrown into dismay by the sudden turn of events and were not drawn up in order, but were rushing one in one direction and one in another, Belisarius suddenly opened the gates of the circuit-wall and sent out his entire army against his opponents. And the Goths had not the least thought of resistance, but rushed off in flight in any and every direction, while the Romans, following them up, found no difficulty in killing all whom they fell in with, and the pursuit proved a long one, since the Goths, in assaulting the wall at that place, were far away from their own camps. Then Belisarius gave the order to burn the enemy’s engines, and the flames, rising to a great height, naturally increased the consternation of the fugitives.

  Meanwhile it chanced that the same thing happened at the Salarian Gate also. For the Romans suddenly opened the gates and fell unexpectedly upon the barbarians, and, as these made no resistance but turned their backs, slew them; and they burned the engines of war which were within their reach. And the flames at many parts of the wall rose to a great height, and the Goths were already being forced to retire from the whole circuit-wall; and the shouting on both sides was exceedingly loud, as the men on the wall urged on the pursuers, and those in the camps bewailed the overwhelming calamity they had suffered. Among the Goths there perished on that day thirty thousand, as their leaders declared, and a larger number were wounded; for since they were massed in great numbers, those fighting from the battlement generally hit somebody when they shot at them, and at the same time those who made the sallies destroyed an extraordinary number of terrified and fleeing men. And the fighting at the wall, which had commenced early in the morning, did not end until late in the afternoon. During that night, then, both armies bivouacked where they were, the Romans singing the song of victory on the fortifications and lauding Belisarius to the skies, having with them the spoils stripped from the fallen, while the Goths cared for their wounded and bewailed their dead.

  Βελισάριός τε γράμματα βασιλεῖ ἔγραψεν: ἐδήλου δὲ ἡ γραφὴ τάδε: ‘Ἀφίγμεθα εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν, ὥσπερ ἐκέλευες, χώραν τε αὐτῆς περιβεβλημένοι πολλὴν καὶ Ῥώμην κατελάβομεν, ἀπωσάμενοι τοὺς ταύτῃ βαρβάρους, ὧνπερ ἔναγχος τὸν ἄρχοντα Λεύδεριν ἐς ὑμᾶς ἔπεμψα. [2] συμβέβηκε δὲ ἡμῖν τῶν στρατιωτῶν πλῆθος ἔν τε Σικελίᾳ καὶ Ἰταλίᾳ ἐπὶ φυλακῇ τῶν ὀχυρωμάτων καταστησαμένοις ὧνπερ δυνατοὶ κατακεκρατηκέναι γεγόναμεν, τὸ στράτευμα ἐς πεντακισχιλίους ἀπολελεῖφθαι. [3] οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἥκουσιν ἐφ̓ ἡμᾶς ἐς μυριάδας πεντεκαίδεκα συνειλεγμένοι. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἡμῖν ἐπὶ κατασκοπῇ τῶν ἀνδρῶν γενομένοις παρὰ Τίβεριν ποταμόν, ἠναγκασμένοις τε παρὰ γνώμην αὐτοῖς ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν, μικροῦ κατακεχῶσθαι δοράτων συμβέβηκε πλήθει. [4] ἔπειτα δὲ τειχομαχήσαντες οἱ βάρβαροι παντὶ τῷ στρατῷ καὶ μηχαναῖς τισι προσβαλόντες πανταχόσε τοῦ τείχους, ὀλίγου ἐδέησαν ἡμᾶς τε αὐτοβοεὶ καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἑλεῖν, εἰ μή τις ἡμᾶς ἀνήρπασε τύχη. [5] τὰ γὰρ τῶν πραγμάτων νικῶντα τὴν φύσιν οὐκ ἂν εἰκότως ἐς ἀνδρῶν ἀρετήν, ἀλλ̓ ἐς τὸ κρεῖσσον, ἀναφέρεσθαι πρέποι. [6] τὰ μὲν οὖν ἄχρι τοῦδε ἡμῖν πεπραγμένα, εἴτε τύχῃ τινὶ εἴτε ἀρετῇ, ὡς ἄριστα ἔχει: τὰ δὲ ἐνθένδε βουλοίμην ἂν ἀμείνω τοῖς πράγμασι τοῖς σοῖς ἔσεσθαι. [7] ὅσα μέντοι προσήκει ἐμέ τε εἰπεῖν καὶ ὑμᾶς πρᾶξαι, οὐ μήποτε ἀποκρύψομαι, ἐκεῖνο εἰδώς, ὡς πρόεισι μὲν τὰ ἀνθρώπινα ὅπη ἂν βουλομένῳ τῷ θεῷ εἴη, οἱ δὲ τῶν ἔργων ἁπάντων προστάται ἐκ τῶν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πεπραγμένων τὰς αἰτίας ἢ τοὺς ἐπαίνους ἐς ἀεὶ φέρονται. [8] οὐκοῦν ὅπλα τε καὶ στρατιῶται στελλέσθων ἐς ἡμᾶς τοσοῦτοι τὸ πλῆθος ὥστε τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡμᾶς τὸ λοιπὸν ἐξ ἀντιπάλου τῆς δυνάμεως ἐς πόλεμον τόνδε καθίστασθαι. [9] οὐ γὰρ ἅπαντα χρεὼν πιστεύειν τῇ τύχῃ, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ὁμοίως ἐς πάντα τὸν χρόνον φέρεσθαι πέφυκεν. ἀλλὰ σέ, ὦ βασιλεῦ, ἐκεῖνο εἰσίτω, ὡς ἢν νῦν ἡμῶν οἱ βάρβαροι περιέσονται, Ἰταλίας τε τῆς σῆς ἐκπεσούμεθα καὶ προσαποβαλοῦμεν τὸ στρά�
�ευμα, καὶ προσέσται ἡμῖν τοσαύτη τις οὖσα ἡ ὑπὲρ τῶν πεπραγμένων αἰσχύνη. [10] ἐῶ γὰρ λέγειν ὡς καὶ Ῥωμαίους ἀπολεῖν δόξαιμεν, οἵ γε περὶ ἐλάσσονος τὴν σωτηρίαν τῆς ἐς τὴν σὴν βασιλείαν πεποίηνται πίστεως. [11] ὥστε ἡμῖν καὶ τὴν ἄχρι τοῦδε γενομένην εὐημερίαν εἰς συμφορῶν ὑπόθεσιν τετελευτηκέναι ξυμβήσεται. [12] εἰ γὰρ Ῥώμης ἡμῖν καὶ Καμπανίας καὶ πολλῷ πρότερον Σικελίας ἀποκεκροῦσθαι τετύχηκε, τὸ πάντων ἂν ἡμᾶς κουφότατον τῶν κακῶν ἔδακνε τὸ μὴ τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις δεδυνῆσθαι πλουτεῖν. [13] καὶ μὴν καὶ τοῦτο ἐκλογίζεσθαι ὑμᾶς ἄξιον, ὡς Ῥώμην πώποτε πλείω τινὰ χρόνον οὐδὲ μυριάσι πολλαῖς διαφυλάξαι δυνατὸν γέγονε, χώραν τε περιβεβλημένην πολλὴν καὶ τῷ μὴ ἐπιθαλασσίαν εἶναι τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἀποκεκλεισμένην ἁπάντων. [14] καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι νῦν μὲν εὐνοϊκῶς ἡμῖν ἔχουσι, τῶν δὲ κακῶν αὐτοῖς, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, μηκυνομένων, οὐδὲν μελλήσουσιν ὑπὲρ αὑτῶν ἑλέσθαι τὰ κρείσσω. [15] οἱ γὰρ ἐξ ὑπογύου τισὶν ἐς εὔνοιαν καθιστάμενοι, οὐ κακοτυχοῦντες, ἀλλ̓ εὖ πάσχοντες, τὸ πιστὸν ἐς αὐτοὺς διασώζειν εἰώθασιν. [16] ἄλλως τε καὶ λιμῷ Ῥωμαῖοι ἀναγκασθήσονται πολλὰ ὧν οὐκ ἂν βούλοιντο πρᾶξαι. [17] ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν οἶδα θάνατον ὀφείλων τῇ σῇ βασιλείᾳ, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ζῶντά με οὐδεὶς ἂν ἐνθένδε ἐξελᾶν δύναιτο: σκόπει δὲ ὁποίαν ποτέ σοι δόξαν ἡ τοιαύτη Βελισαρίου τελευτὴ φέρει.’ [18] Τοσαῦτα μὲν Βελισάριος ἔγραψε. βασιλεὺς δὲ λίαν ξυνταραχθεὶς στράτευμά τε καὶ ναῦς σπουδῇ ἤγειρε καὶ τοῖς ἀμφὶ Βαλεριανόν τε καὶ Μαρτῖνον ἐπέστελλε κατὰ τάχος ἰέναι. [19] σταλέντες γὰρ ξὺν στρατεύματι ἄλλῳ ἀμφὶ τὰς χειμερινὰς τροπὰς ἔτυχον, ἐφ̓ ᾧ πλεύσουσιν ἐς Ἰταλίαν. [20] οἱ δὲ καταπλεύσαντες ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ῾περαιτέρω γὰρ βιάζεσθαι τὸν πλοῦν οὐχ οἷοί τε ἦσαν̓ διεχείμαζον ἐς τὰ ἐπὶ Αἰτωλίας τε καὶ Ἀκαρνανίας χωρία. [21] ταῦτά τε Βελισαρίῳ δηλώσας Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς ἔτι μᾶλλον αὐτόν τε καὶ Ῥωμαίους ἅπαντας ἐς τὴν προθυμίαν ἐπέρρωσεν. [22] Ἐν τούτῳ δὲ ξυνηνέχθη ἐν Νεαπόλει τοιόνδε γενέσθαι. Θευδερίχου τοῦ Γότθων ἄρχοντος εἰκὼν ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἐτύγχανεν οὖσα, ἐκ ψηφίδων τινῶν ξυγκειμένη, μικρῶν μὲν ἐς ἄγαν, χροιαῖς δὲ βεβαμμένων σχεδόν τι ἁπάσαις. [23] ταύτης τῆς εἰκόνος ποτὲ τὴν κεφαλὴν διαρρυῆναι ζῶντος Θευδερίχου ξυμβέβηκε, τῆς τῶν ψηφίδων ἐπιβολῆς ἐκ τοῦ αὐτομάτου ξυνταραχθείσης, καὶ Θευδερίχῳ ξυνηνέχθη τελευτῆσαι τὸν βίον αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα. [24] ἐνιαυτοῖς δὲ ὀκτὼ ὕστερον αἱ τὴν τῆς εἰκόνος γαστέρα ποιοῦσαι ψηφῖδες διερρύησαν ἐξαπιναίως, καὶ Ἀταλάριχος ὁ Θευδερίχου θυγατριδοῦς εὐθὺς ἐτελεύτα. [25] χρόνου τε τριβέντος ὀλίγου πίπτουσι μὲν ἐς γῆν αἱ περὶ τὰ αἰδοῖα ψηφῖδες, Ἀμαλασοῦνθα δὲ ἡ Θευδερίχου παῖς ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἠφάνιστο. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν τῇδε ἐχώρησε. [26] Γότθων δὲ Ῥώμης ἐς τὴν πολιορκίαν καθισταμένων τὰ ἐκ τῶν τῆς εἰκόνος μηρῶν ἄχρι ἐς ἄκρους πόδας διεφθάρθαι τετύχηκε, [27] ταύτῃ τε ἅπασα ἐκ τοῦ τοίχου ἐξίτηλος ἡ εἰκὼν γέγονεν: οἵ τε Ῥωμαῖοι τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο ξυμβαλόντες περιέσεσθαι τῷ πολέμῳ ἰσχυρίζοντο τὸν τοῦ βασιλέως στρατόν, οὐκ ἄλλο οὐδὲν εἶναι τοὺς Θευδερίχου πόδας ἢ τὸν Γότθων λεὼν ὧν ἐκεῖνος ἦρχεν οἰόμενοι, καὶ ἀπ̓ αὐτοῦ εὐέλπιδες ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐγένοντο. [28] Ἐν μέντοι Ῥώμῃ τῶν τινες πατρικίων τὰ Σιβύλλης λόγια προὔφερον, ἰσχυριζόμενοι τὸν κίνδυνον τῇ πόλει ἄχρι ἐς τὸν Ἰούλιον μῆνα γεγενῆσθαι μόνον. [29] χρῆναι γὰρ τότε βασιλέα Ῥωμαίοις καταστῆναί τινα, ἐξ οὗ δὴ Γετικὸν οὐδὲν Ῥώμη τὸ λοιπὸν δείσειε: [30] Γετικὸν γάρ φασιν ἔθνος τοὺς Γότθους εἶναι. εἶχε δὲ τὸ λόγιον ὧδε: θυιντιλι μενσε ρεγε νιηιλ γετιξυμ ιαμ. [31] πέμπτον δὲ μῆνα τὸν Ἰούλιον ἰσχυρίζοντο εἶναι, οἱ μέν, ὅτι Μαρτίου ἱσταμένου ἡ πολιορκία κατ̓ ἀρχὰς γέγονεν, ἀφ̓ οὗ δὴ πέμπτον Ἰούλιον ξυμβαίνει εἶναι, οἱ δέ, ὅτι Μάρτιον πρῶτον πρὸ τῆς Νουμᾶ βασιλείας ἐνόμιζον μῆνα, ὅτε δὴ Ῥωμαίοις ἐς δέκα μῆνας ὁ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ χρόνος ξυνῄει, Ἰούλιός τε ἀπ̓ αὐτοῦ Κυιντίλιος ὠνομάζετο. ἀλλ̓ ἦν ἄρα τούτων οὐδὲν ὑγιές. [32] οὔτε γὰρ βασιλεὺς τότε Ῥωμαίοις κατέστη, καὶ ἡ πολιορκία ἐνιαυτῷ ὕστερον διαλυθήσεσθαι ἔμελλε, καὶ αὖθις ἐπὶ Τουτίλα Γότθων ἄρχοντος ἐς τοὺς ὁμοίους Ῥώμη κινδύνους ἰέναι, ὥς μοι ἐν τοῖς ὄπισθε λελέξεται λόγοις. [33] δοκεῖ γάρ μοι οὐ ταύτην δὴ τὴν τῶν βαρβάρων ἔφοδον τὸ μαντεῖον δηλοῦν, ἀλλ̓ ἑτέραν τινὰ ἢ ἤδη ξυμβᾶσαν ἢ ὕστερόν ποτε ἐσομένην. [34] τῶν γὰρ Σιβύλλης λογίων τὴν διάνοιαν πρὸ τοῦ ἔργου ἐξευρεῖν ἀνθρώπῳ οἶμαι ἀδύνατον εἶναι. [35] αἴτιον δὲ ὅπερ ἐγὼ αὐτίκα δηλώσω ἐκεῖνα ἀναλεξάμενος ἅπαντα. ἡ Σίβυλλα οὐχ ἅπαντα ἑξῆς τὰ πράγματα λέγει οὐδὲ ἁρμονίαν τινὰ ποιουμένη τοῦ λόγου, ἀλλ̓ ἔπος εἰποῦσα ὅ τι δὴ ἀμφὶ τοῖς Λιβύης κακοῖς ἀπεπήδησεν εὐθὺς ἐς τὰ Περσῶν ἤθη, [36] ἐνθένδε τε Ῥωμαίων ἐς μνήμην ἐλθοῦσα μεταβιβάζει ἐς τοὺς Ἀσσυρίους τὸν λόγον. καὶ πάλιν ἀμφὶ Ῥωμαίοις μαντευομένη προλέγει τὰ Βρεττανῶν πάθη. [37] ταύτῃ τε ἀδύνατά ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ ὁτῳοῦν πρὸ τοῦ ἔργου τῶν Σιβύλλης λογίων ξυνεῖναι, ἢν μὴ ὁ χρόνος αὐτὸς ἐκβάντος ἤδη τοῦ πράγματος καὶ τοῦ λόγου ἐς πεῖραν ἐλθόντος ἀκριβὴς τοῦ ἔπο�
�ς ἑρμηνεὺς γένοιτο. ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν λογιζέσθω ἕκαστος ὅπη αὐτῷ φίλον. ἐγὼ δὲ ὅθενπερ ἐξέβην ἐπάνειμι.