Delphi Complete Works of Procopius

by Procopius of Caesarea

  But lsdigousnas, in possession of money such as no envoy ever carried, and having become, I suppose, the wealthiest of all the Persians, departed on the homeward way, for the Emperor Justinian had honoured him in a signal manner and presented him with huge sums of money before his dismissal. And this man, unlike all other ambassadors, did not have the experience of being under guard in any sense, but both he himself and all who followed him — and they were an exceedingly numerous company — enjoyed complete freedom for a long period of time in meeting and associating with whom they wished, walking about in every part of the city, buying and selling whatever they pleased, and carrying on all manner of transactions and devoting themselves with complete unconcern to the business connected therewith, just as they, would in a city of their own, with not a Roman following or accompanying them at all or deigning to watch them, as is customary.

  At this time an event occurred which has never happened before, as far at least as we know. For though the season of the year was late autumn, there was a very remarkable period of drought and hot weather as in the middle of summer, so that a great quantity of roses actually came out, as if it were spring, differing in no way at all from ordinary roses. And practically all the trees brought forth new fruit again, while the clusters likewise appeared on the vines, although the vintage had already been gathered not many days before. From these things those that are clever in such matters drew sundry conclusions, saying that some great and unexpected thing would take place, some that it would be good and others the opposite. But I for my part think that this was the result of a sort of coincidence, the usual south winds having prevailed for a very long period, and great heat having consequently come upon the land beyond what is customary and not in keeping with the season. But if it really does, as they say, indicate that some unexpected event will happen, we shall know most certainly from the future outcome.

  Ἐν ᾧ δὲ τάδε ἀμφὶ ταῖς σπονδαῖς Ῥωμαίοις τε καὶ Πέρσαις ἐν Βυζαντίῳ ἐπράσσετο, ἐν τούτῳ ἐπὶ Λαζικῆς τάδε ξυνηνέχθη γενέσθαι. [2] Γουβάζης ὁ Λαζῶν βασιλεὺς Ῥωμαίοις εὐνοϊκῶς ἔσχεν, ἐπεί οἱ Χοσρόην, ὥσπερ μοι ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν λόγοις ἐρρήθη, ἐπιβουλεύειν θάνατον ᾔσθετο. [3] τῶν δὲ ἄλλων Λαζῶν οἱ πλεῖστοι ἀνήκεστα πρὸς τῶν Ῥωμαίων στρατιωτῶν δεινὰ πάσχοντες καὶ διαφερόντως τοῖς ἄρχουσι τοῦ στρατοῦ ἀχθόμενοι ἐμήδιζον ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον, οὐ τὰ Περσῶν ἀσπαζόμενοι, ἀλλ̓ ἀπαλλαξείοντες τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῆς καὶ τῶν δυσχερῶν τὰ τέως μὴ παρόντα αἱρούμενοι. [4] ἦν δέ τις ἐν Λαζοῖς οὐκ ἀφανὴς ἀνὴρ Θεοφόβιος ὄνομα, ὅσπερ τῷ Μερμερόῃ λαθραιότατα ἐς λόγους ξυμμίξας φρούριον ἐνδώσειν τὸ Οὐθιμέρεος ὡμολόγησεν. [5] ὁ δὲ αὐτὸν ἐλπίσι μεγάλαις ἐπάρας ἐς τὴν πρᾶξιν ὥρμησε ταύτην, φίλον μὲν αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα Χοσρόῃ βασιλεῖ ἐκ τοῦ ἔργου τούτου ἰσχυρισάμενος ἔσεσθαι, Πέρσαις δὲ ἀνάγραπτον ἐπ̓ εὐεργεσίᾳ ἐς τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα, καὶ ἀπ̓ αὐτοῦ δόξῃ τε καὶ πλούτῳ καὶ δυνάμει αὐτὸν γενήσεσθαι μέγαν. οἷς δὴ Θεοφόβιος ἐπαρθεὶς πολλῷ ἔτι μᾶλλον εἰς τὸ ἔργον ἠπείγετο. [6] Καὶ ἦν γὰρ οὐδεμία ἐπιμιξία Ῥωμαίοις τε καὶ Λαζοῖς τότε, ἀλλ̓ οἱ μὲν Πέρσαι πολλῇ ἐξουσίᾳ πανταχόσε περιήρχοντο τῶν ταύτῃ χωρίων, Ῥωμαίων δὲ καὶ Λαζῶν οἱ μὲν παρὰ ποταμὸν Φᾶσιν ἐλάνθανον, οἱ δὲ Ἀρχαιόπολιν ἢ ἄλλο τι τῶν ἐκείνῃ ὀχυρωμάτων καταλαβόντες ἐκρύπτοντο: καὶ Γουβάζης αὐτός, ὁ Λαζῶν βασιλεύς, ἐς τῶν ὀρῶν τὰς ὑπερβολὰς ἡσυχῆ ἔμενε. [7] πόνῳ γοῦν ὁ Θεοφόβιος οὐδενὶ ἴσχυσε τὴν ὑπόσχεσιν τῷ Μερμερόῃ ἐπιτελέσαι. ἐν γὰρ τῷ φρουρίῳ γενόμενος ἔφασκε Λαζοῖς τε καὶ Ῥωμαίοις οἳ τὸ ἐνταῦθα φυλακτήριον εἶχον ὡς ἅπας μὲν ὁ Ῥωμαίων στρατὸς ἀπολώλει, Γουβάζῃ δὲ βασιλεῖ καὶ Λαζοῖς τοῖς ἀμφ̓ αὐτὸν ἅπασι διαφθαρείη τὰ πράγματα, Κολχὶς δὲ ξύμπασα πρὸς Περσῶν ἔχοιτο, καὶ οὐδέ τις ἐλπὶς Ῥωμαίοις ποτὲ ἢ τῷ Γουβάζῃ ἀνασωθήσεσθαι τῆς χώρας τὸ κράτος. [8] τὰ μὲν γὰρ πρότερα κατὰ μόνας ταῦτα τὸν Μερμερόην διαπεπρᾶχθαι, μυριάδας τε πλέον ἑπτὰ ἐπαγαγόμενον Περσῶν μαχίμων ἀνδρῶν καὶ βαρβάρους Σαβείρους παμπληθεῖς: νῦν δὲ καὶ βασιλέα Χοσρόην στρατῷ ἀμυθήτῳ ἐνθάδε ἥκοντα ἐξαπιναίως αὐτοῖς ἀναμεμίχθαι καὶ οὐκ ἂν τὸ λοιπὸν οὐδὲ αὐτὴν Κόλχων τῇ στρατιᾷ ταύτῃ τὴν γῆν ἐπαρκέσειν. [9] ταῦτα τερατευσάμενος Θεοφόβιος ἐς δέος μέγα καὶ ἀμηχανίαν κατεστήσατο τοὺς ἐνταῦθα φρουρούς. [10] καὶ αὐτὸν ἐλιπάρουν πρὸς θεοῦ τοῦ πατρῴου ἱκετεύοντες τὰ παρόντα ὅση δύναμις εὖ θέσθαι σφίσι. [11] καὶ ὃς αὐτοῖς ὡμολόγει πρὸς τοῦ Χοσρόου ἀμφὶ τῇ σωτηρίᾳ τὰ πιστὰ οἴσειν, ἐφ̓ ᾧ τὸ φρούριον ἐνδώσουσι Πέρσαις. Ἐπεί τε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ταῦτα ἤρεσκεν, αὐτίκα ἐνθένδε ἀπαλλαγεὶς αὖθίς τε τῷ Μερμερόῃ ἐς ὄψιν ἥκων ἅπαντα ἔφραζεν. [12] ὁ δὲ Περσῶν ἄνδρας τοὺς δοκιμωτάτους ἀπολεξάμενος ξὺν αὐτῷ ἐς τὸ Οὐθιμέρεος ἔπεμψε, τά τε πιστὰ παρεξομένους ἀμφί τε τοῖς χρήμασι καὶ τῇ σωτηρίᾳ τοῖς τῇδε φρουροῖς καὶ τὸ φρούριον τοῦτο καθέξοντας. [13] οὕτω μὲν Πέρσαι τὸ Οὐθιμέρεος φρούριον ἔσχον καὶ Λαζικῆς τὴν ἐπικράτησιν ἰσχυρότατα ἐκρατύναντο. [14] οὐ μόνην δὲ Λαζικὴν ταύτην οἱ Πέρσαι ὑποχειρίαν πεποίηνται, ἀλλὰ καὶ Σκυμνίαν τε καὶ Σουανίαν, ἐκ δὲ Μοχηρήσιδος ἄχρι ἐς Ἰβηρίαν ἄβατα Ῥωμαίοις τε καὶ τῷ Λαζῶν βασιλεῖ ξύμπαντα τὰ ἐκείνῃ χωρία τῷ τρόπῳ τούτῳ ἐγένετο. [15] ἀμύνεσθαι δὲ τοὺς πολεμίους οὔτε Ῥωμαῖοι οὔτε Λαζοὶ εἶχον, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ καταβαίνειν ἐκ τῶν ὀρῶν ἢ τῶν ὀχυρωμάτων ἐτόλμων οὐδέ πη τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐπεξιέναι. [16] Μερμερόης δὲ τῆς τοῦ χειμῶνος ἐγκειμένης ὥρας ξύλινον μὲν τεῖχος ἐν Κόταϊς ἐτεκτήνατο, φρουράν τε Περσῶν τῶν μαχίμων οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ τρισχιλίων ἐνταῦθα καταστησάμενος, ἔν τε τῷ Οὐθιμέρεος ἄνδρας αὐτάρκεις ἀπολιπών. [17] οἰκοδομησάμενος δὲ καὶ τὸ ἄλλο Λαζῶν φρούριον, ὃ δὴ καλοῦσι Σαραπανίν, πρὸς αὐτο�
�ς μάλιστα τοῖς ἐσχάτοις ὁρίοις Λαζικῆς κείμενον, αὐτοῦ ἔμενεν. [18] ἔπειτα δὲ Ῥωμαίους τε καὶ Λαζοὺς ἀγείρεσθαί τε μαθὼν καὶ ἀμφὶ τὰς ἐκβολὰς ἐνστρατοπεδεύεσθαι ποταμοῦ Φάσιδος, παντὶ τῷ στρατῷ ἐπ̓ αὐτοὺς ᾔει. [19] ὅπερ ἐπεὶ Γουβάζης τε καὶ οἱ τοῦ Ῥωμαίων στρατοῦ ἄρχοντες ἔμαθον, οὐχ ὑποστάντες τῶν πολεμίων τὴν ἔφοδον διελύθησάν τε καὶ διεσώθησαν ὥς πη ἑκάστῳ δυνατὰ γέγονεν. [20] ὅ τε Γουβάζης ἀναδραμὼν ἐς τῶν ὀρῶν τὰς ὑπερβολὰς διεχείμαζε ξύν τε τοῖς παισὶ καὶ τῇ γυναικὶ καὶ τοῖς ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ἐπιτηδείοις, τῇ μὲν ἀμηχανίᾳ τῶν παρόντων κακῶν διαμαχόμενος πρὸς τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἀνάγκην, ἐλπίδι δὲ τοῦ Βυζαντίου ἐς τὸν μέλλοντα χρόνον θαρσῶν, ταύτῃ τε τὴν τύχην παρηγορῶν τὴν τότε παροῦσαν, οἷά γε τὰ ἀνθρώπεια, [21] καὶ καραδοκῶν τὰ βελτίω. καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι δὲ Λαζοὶ τῇ πρὸς βασιλέα Γουβάζην αἰδοῖ τὴν τοῦ χειμῶνος ὥραν οὐδέν τι ἧσσον ἐν τοῖς σκοπέλοις κατέτριβον, δύσκολον μὲν ἐνταῦθα οὐδὲν πρὸς τῶν πολεμίων δειμαίνοντες, ἐπεὶ τοῖς ἐπιβουλεύουσιν, ἄλλως τε καὶ κατὰ τὸν χειμῶνα, ταῦτα τὰ ὄρη ἀμήχανά τε καὶ ὅλως ἀπρόσοδα ξυμβαίνει εἶναι, λιμῷ δὲ καὶ ψύχει καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ κακοπαθείᾳ δυσθανατῶντες. [22] Ὁ δὲ Μερμερόης οἰκία τε πολλὰ κατ̓ ἐξουσίαν ᾠκοδομήσατο ἐν ταῖς κατὰ τὴν Μοχήρησιν κώμαις καὶ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια πανταχόθι καταστησάμενος τῶν τῇδε χωρίων, τῶν τε αὐτομόλων περιπέμπων τινὰς ἐς τῶν ὀρῶν τὰς ἀκρωρείας καὶ τὰ πιστὰ παρεχόμενος ἐπαγαγέσθαι πολλοὺς ἴσχυσεν: οἷς δὴ καὶ τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἀπορουμένοις ἐχορήγει συχνὰ καὶ ὡς οἰκείων ἐπεμελεῖτο, τά τε ἄλλα διῳκεῖτο ξὺν ἀδείᾳ πολλῇ ἅτε τῆς χώρας γεγονὼς κύριος. [23] καὶ πρὸς Γουβάζην ἔγραψε τάδε: ‘Δύο ταῦτα ῥυθμίζει τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τὸν βίον, δύναμίς τε καὶ φρόνησις. οἱ μὲν γὰρ τῷ δυνατῷ περιόντες τῶν πέλας αὐτοί τε βιοτεύουσι κατ̓ ἐξουσίαν καὶ ὅπη βούλονται τοὺς καταδεεστέρους ἐσαεὶ ἄγουσιν, οἱ δὲ διὰ τὴν ἀσθένειαν δεδουλωμένοι τοῖς κρείττοσι, τῷ ξυνετῷ τὴν ἀδυναμίαν ἰώμενοι, θωπείᾳ τοὺς κρατοῦντας μετίασι καὶ οὐδέν τι ἧσσον ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοις βιοῦν δύνανται, πάντων ἀπολαύοντες τῇ κολακείᾳ ὧνπερ αὐτοῖς διὰ τὴν ἀσθένειαν στερεῖσθαι ξυμβαίνει. [24] καὶ ταῦτα οὐ παρὰ μὲν τῶν ἐθνῶν τισὶ σφίσι φέρεται οὕτως, παρὰ δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοις οὐ ταύτῃ πη ἔχει, ἀλλὰ ἀνθρώποις ὡς εἰπεῖν ἅπασι πανταχόθι γῆς τῆς οἰκουμένης ὥσπερ ἄλλο τι ἐμπέπηγε φύσει. [25] καὶ σὺ τοίνυν, ὦ φίλε Γουβάζη, ἢν μὲν οἴει περιέσεσθαι Περσῶν τῷ πολέμῳ, μήτε μέλλε μήτε σοι ἐμπόδιον γινέσθω μηδέν. [26] εὑρήσεις γὰρ ἡμᾶς τῆς Λαζικῆς ἔνθα ἂν βούλοιο ὑφισταμένους τε τὴν σὴν ἔφοδον καὶ ἀντιπαραταττομένους ὑπὲρ χώρας τῆσδε ὅση δύναμις: ὥστε παρέσται σοι διαγωνιζομένῳ ἀνδραγαθίζεσθαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς. [27] εἰ μέντοι ἀδύνατος ὢν Περσῶν τῇ δυνάμει ἀντιτάσσεσθαι καὶ αὐτὸς οἶδας, σὺ δέ, ὦ ᾿γαθέ, τὸ δεύτερον διαχείριζε, τὸ γνῶθι σαυτόν, καὶ προσκύνει τὸν σαυτοῦ δεσπότην Χοσρόην ἅτε βασιλέα καὶ νενικηκότα καὶ κύριον. [28] αἴτει τέ σοι τῶν πεπραγμένων ἵλεων εἶναι, ὅπως ἂν τὸ λοιπὸν δυνατὸς εἴης τῶν ἐνοχλούντων ἀπηλλάχθαι κακῶν. [29] ὡς ἔγωγε ἀναδέχομαι βασιλέα Χοσρόην ἵλεών τέ σοι γενήσεσθαι καὶ τὰ πιστὰ δώσειν, ὁμήρους σοι παρεχόμενον παῖδας τῶν ἐν Πέρσαις λογίμων ἀρχόντων, ὡς τά τε ἄλλα καὶ τὴν σωτηρίαν καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν τὴν σὴν τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ ἕξεις. [30] εἰ δέ σοι τούτων οὐδέτερον βουλομένῳ ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ σὺ ἔς τινα ἑτέραν ἀπιὼν χώραν δὸς τοῖς διὰ τὴν σὴν ἀβουλίαν ταλαιπώροις γενομένοις Λαζοῖς ἀναπνεῦσαί ποτε καὶ ἀπὸ δυσκόλων τῶν αὐτοῖς ἐγκειμένων ἀνενεγκεῖν μηδὲ αὐτοῖς ἀπέραντον ὄλεθρον τόνδε προστρίβεσθαι βούλου ἐπὶ σφαλερᾶς τῆς ἐλπίδος ὀχούμενος: λέγω δὲ τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἐπικουρίας. [31] οὐ γάρ σοι τιμωρεῖν ποτὲ δυνατοὶ ἔσονται, ὥσπερ οὐδὲ ἄχρι ἐς τὴν ἡμέραν δεδύνηνται τήνδε.’ Μερμερόης μὲν ταῦτα ἔγραψε. [32] Γουβάζην δὲ οὐδ̓ ὣς ἔπειθεν, ἀλλ̓ ἐν τοῖς τῶν ὀρῶν κολωνοῖς ἔμενε, καραδοκῶν τὴν ἐκ Ῥωμαίων ἐπικουρίαν καὶ τῷ ἐς τὸν Χοσρόην ἔχθει ὡς ἥκιστα ἐς τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἀπόγνωσιν ἐγκλίνειν ἐθέλων. [33] οἱ γὰρ ἄνθρωποι τὴν διάνοιαν ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον πρὸς τὴν τοῦ βουλήματος ἁρμόζονται χρείαν, καὶ λόγῳ μὲν τῷ ἀρέσκοντι αὐτοὺς ἀεὶ προσχωροῦσι, καὶ προσίενται τὰ ἐξ αὐτοῦ πάντα, οὐ διασκοπούμενοι μὴ ψευδὴς εἴη, τῷ δὲ λυποῦντι χαλεπῶς ἔχοντες ἀπιστοῦσιν, οὐ διερευνώμενοι μὴ ἀληθὴς εἴη.

  XVI

  While these negotiations were taking place in Byzantium between the Romans and Persians regarding the treaty, meantime the following took place in Lazica. Gubazes, the king of the Lazi, was well disposed toward the Romans, for he perceived that Chosroes, as I have stated in the previous narrative, was plotting his death. But the most of the other Lazi, being subjected to outrageous treatment at the hands of the Roman soldiers, and being particularly angry with the commanders of the army, began to favour the Medes as a general thing, not because they preferred the cause of the Persians, but because they wished to be rid of the Roman rule and preferred those difficulties which were not for the moment present. Now there was a man of no mean station among the Lazi, Theophobius by name, who conferred very secretly with Mermeroes and promised to put the fortress of Uthimereos into his hands. And he filled the man with great hopes and urged him to accomplish this, declaring that as a result of this deed he would not only be a very close friend of King Chosroes, but would also be inscribed by the Persians as a benefactor for all time, and consequently would become great in reno
wn and in wealth and power. Theophobius was elated by these promises and kept working still more eagerly for the accomplishment of his purpose.

  Now there was at that time no free movement of the Romans and Lazi, but, while the Persians were going about everywhere in that country with complete liberty, some of the Romans and Lazi were hiding by the Phasis River, while others had seized Archaeopolis or some other one of the strongholds there and were concealing themselves therein. Meanwhile Gubazes himself, the king of the Lazi, was remaining quietly at the summit of the mountains. Consequently Theophobius was able with no difficulty to make good his promise to Mermeroes. For he went inside the fortress and stated to the Lazi and Romans who were keeping guard there that the whole Roman army had perished, that the cause of King Gubazes and of all the Lazi about him had been utterly lost, and that all Colchis was held by the Persians, and there was not one single hope for the Romans or Gubazes ever to win back the rule of the land. For formerly, he pointed out, Mermeroes had accomplished this alone, bringing with him more than seventy thousand fighting men of the Persians and vast numbers of barbarian Sabiri; but now, he said, King Chosroes himself had actually come there with an unnumbered host and suddenly joined forces with them, and henceforth not even the whole land of the Colchians would suffice for this army. With these high-flown words Theophobius reduced the guards there to a state of terror and helplessness. And they besought him with entreaties in the name of their ancestral god to use all his power to turn the present situation to their advantage. He then promised them that he would bring from Chosroes pledges for their safety, on condition that they surrender the fortress to the Persians.