Delphi Complete Works of Procopius

by Procopius of Caesarea

  XXXIII

  Narses was overjoyed at the outcome and ceased not attributing everything to God, an opinion which was indeed true; and he proceeded to arrange all urgent matters. And first of all he was eager to be rid of the outrageous behaviour of the Lombards under his command, for in addition to the general lawlessness of their conduct, they kept setting fire to whatever buildings they chanced upon and violating by force the women who had taken refuge in the sanctuaries. He accordingly propitiated them by a large gift of money and so released them to go to their homes, commanding Valerian and Damianus, his nephew, with their commands to escort them on the march as far as the Roman boundary, so that they might harm no one on the return journey. And after the Lombards had departed from Roman territory, Valerian went into camp near the city of Verona, intending to besiege it and win it for the emperor. But the garrison of this city became frightened and opened negotiations with Valerian, with the purpose of making a conditional surrender of themselves and the city. When this was learned by the Franks who were keeping guard in the towns of Venetia, they tried with all eagerness to prevent it, claiming the right to take charge of the land as belonging to themselves. And as a result of this, having accomplished nothing, Valerian retired from there with his whole army.

  As for the Goths who had saved themselves by fleeing from the battle, they crossed the Po River and occupied the city of Ticinum and the adjacent country, appointing Teïas as ruler over them. And he found all the money which Totila had deposited in Ticinum, and was purposing to draw the Franks into an alliance; he also began to organize and put in order the Goths as well as circumstances permitted, eagerly gathering them all about him. When Narses heard this, he ordered Valerian with all his force to maintain a guard near the Po River so that the Goths might not be at liberty to assemble freely, while he himself with all the rest of the army marched against Rome. And when he came into Tuscany, he took Narnia by surrender and left a garrison at Spolitium, which was then without walls, instructing them to rebuild as quickly as possible such parts of the fortifications as the Goths had torn down. And he also sent some men to make trial of the garrison in Perusia. Now the garrison of Perusia was commanded by two Romans who had become deserters, Meligedius and Ulifus; the latter had formerly been a bodyguard of Cyprian, but had been won over by the large promises made to him by Totila and had treacherously killed Cyprian who then commanded the garrison of that place. Now Meligedius was for accepting the proposals of Narses and was planning with the men under his command to hand the city over to the Romans, but the party of Ulifus perceived what was going on and banded together openly against them. In the fight that followed Ulifus was destroyed together with those who thought as he did, and Meligedius immediately surrendered Perusia to the Romans. And Ulifus obviously suffered retribution from Heaven in being destroyed at the very place where he himself had murdered Cyprian. Such was the course of these events.

  But the Goths who were keeping guard in Rome, upon learning that Narses and the Roman army were coming against them and were now very near, made preparations to offer the strongest resistance possible. Now it happened that Totila had burned many buildings of the city when he captured it for the first time.... But finally, reasoning that the Goths, reduced as they were to a small number, were no longer able to guard the whole circuit of the wall of Rome, he enclosed a small part of the city with a short wall around the Tomb of Hadrian and, by connecting this with the earlier wall, he made a kind of fortress. There the Goths had deposited their most precious possessions and they were keeping a careful guard over this fortress, disregarding the rest of the city wall which lay neglected. So on this occasion they left a few of their number as guards over this place while all the rest took their stand all along the battlements of the city wall, because they were eager to test their opponents’ skill in attacking walls.

  Now the whole circuit-wall of Rome was so extraordinarily long that neither could the Romans encompass it in their attack nor the Goths guard it. So the Romans scattered here and there at random and began to make their attacks, while the others defended themselves as well as circumstances permitted. Thus, Narses brought up a great force of archers and delivered an attack on a certain portion of the fortifications, while John the nephew of Vitalian was making an assault with his command at another point. Meanwhile Philemuth and the Eruli were harassing another section, and the rest followed at a great distance from them. Indeed, all were fighting at the wall with very considerable intervals between them. And the barbarians gathered at the points of attack and were receiving the assault. But the other parts of the fortifications, where there was no attack being made by the Romans, were altogether destitute of men, all the Goths being gathered, as I have said, wherever the enemy were attacking. In this situation Narses directed Dagisthaeus to take a large number of soldiers and the standards of both Narses and John, and, equipped with a large number of ladders, to make a sudden assault upon a certain part of the fortifications which was altogether destitute of guards. So he immediately placed all the ladders against the wall without any opposition, and with no trouble got inside the fortifications with his followers, and they opened the gates at their leisure. This was immediately discovered by the Goths, who no longer thought of resistance but began to flee, every man of them, wherever each one could. And some of them rushed into the fortress, while others went off on the run to Portus.

  At this point in the narrative it occurs to me to comment on the manner in which Fortune makes sport of human affairs, not always visiting men in the same manner nor regarding them with uniform glance, but changing about with the changes of time and place; and she plays a kind of game with them, shifting the value of the poor wretches according to the variations of time, place, or circumstance, seeing that Bessas, the man who had previously lost Rome, not long afterward recovered Petra in Lazica for the Romans, and that Dagisthaeus, on the contrary, who had let Petra go to the enemy, won back Rome for the emperor in a moment of time. But these things have been happening from the beginning and will always be as long as the same fortune rules over men. Narses now advanced against the fortress with his whole army in warlike array. But the barbarians became terrified, and, upon receiving pledges for their lives, surrendered both themselves and the fortress with all speed, in the twenty-sixth year of the reign of the Emperor Justinian. Thus Rome was captured for the fifth time during his reign; and Narses immediately sent the keys of its gates to the emperor. [ a d.]

  Τότε δὴ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις διαφανέστατα ἐπιδέδεικται ὡς ἅπασιν, οἷσπερ ἔδει γενέσθαι κακῶς, καὶ τὰ εὐτυχήματα δοκοῦντα εἶναι εἰς ὄλεθρον ἀποκέκριται, κατὰ νοῦν τε ἀπαλλάξαντες ἴσως τῇ τοιαύτῃ εὐημερίᾳ ξυνδιαφθείρονται. [2] Ῥωμαίων γὰρ τῇ τε ξυγκλήτῳ βουλῇ καὶ τῷ δήμῳ τὴν νίκην τήνδε πολλῷ ἔτι μᾶλλον φθόρου αἰτίαν ξυνηνέχθη γενέσθαι τρόπῳ τοιῷδε. [3] Γότθοι μὲν φεύγοντες καὶ τὴν Ἰταλίας ἐπικράτησιν ἀπογνόντες, ὁδοῦ ποιούμενοι πάρεργον, τοὺς παρατυχόντας σφίσι Ῥωμαίους οὐδεμιᾷ διεχρῶντο φειδοῖ. [4] οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι τοῦ Ῥωμαίων στρατοῦ ὡς πολεμίοις ἐχρῶντο πᾶσιν οἷς ἂν ἐντύχοιεν ἐν τῇ ἐς τὴν πόλιν εἰσόδῳ. [5] πρὸς δὲ καὶ τόδε αὐτοῖς ξυνηνέχθη γενέσθαι. πολλοὶ τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ξυγκλήτου βουλῆς, τοῦτο Τουτίλᾳ δεδογμένον, τὰ πρότερα ἔμενον ἐς τὰ ἐπὶ Καμπανίας χωρία. [6] ὧνπέρ τινες, ἐπεὶ Ῥώμην ἔχεσθαι πρὸς τοῦ βασιλέως στρατοῦ ἔγνωσαν, ἐκ Καμπανίας ἐξαναστάντες ἐς αὐτὴν ᾔεσαν. ὃ δὴ Γότθοι μαθό�
�τες, ὅσοι ἐν τοῖς ταύτῃ ὀχυρώμασιν ἐτύγχανον ὄντες, ἅπαντα διερευνώμενοι τὰ ἐκείνῃ χωρία τοὺς πατρικίους ἅπαντας ἔκτειναν. ἐν τοῖς καὶ Μάξιμος ἦν, οὗπερ ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν λόγοις ἐμνήσθην. [7] ἐτύγχανε δὲ καὶ Τουτίλας, ἡνίκα Ναρσῇ ὑπαντιάσων ἐνθένδε ᾔει, τῶν ἐκ πόλεως ἑκάστης δοκίμων Ῥωμαίων τοὺς παῖδας ἀγείρας καὶ αὐτῶν ἐς τριακοσίους ἀπολεξάμενος, οὕσπερ μάλιστα τὸ σῶμα καλοὺς ᾤετο εἶναι, τοῖς μὲν γειναμένοις ὅτι δὴ αὐτῷ ξυνδιαιτήσονται ὑπειπών, [8] ὁμήρους δέ οἱ λόγῳ τῷ ἀληθεῖ ἐσομένους. καὶ αὐτοὺς Τουτίλας μὲν τότε ὑπὲρ ποταμὸν Πάδον ἐκέλευσεν εἶναι, Τεΐας δὲ τανῦν ἐνταῦθα εὑρὼν ἅπαντας ἔκτεινε. [9] Ῥάγναρίς τε, Γότθος ἀνήρ, ὅσπερ ἡγεῖτο τοῦ ἐν Ταραντηνοῖς φυλακτηρίου, καίπερ τὰ πιστὰ γνώμῃ βασιλέως πρὸς τοῦ Πακουρίου κεκομισμένος, Ῥωμαίοις τε προσχωρήσειν ὁμολογήσας, ᾗπέρ μοι ἔμπροσθεν εἴρηται, παρασχόμενος δὲ καὶ Γότθους ἓξ ἐν ὁμήρων λόγῳ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ δὴ τῇ ὁμολογίᾳ Ῥωμαίοις, ἐπειδὴ Τεΐαν ἤκουσε βασιλέα καταστάντα Γότθοις τούς τε Φράγγους ἐς ἐπικουρίαν ἐπαγαγέσθαι καὶ παντὶ τῷ στρατῷ τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐθέλειν ὁμόσε ἰέναι, μεταπορευθεὶς τὴν βουλὴν ἐπιτελεῖν τὰ ὡμολογημένα οὐδαμῆ ἤθελε. [10] σπουδάζων δὲ καὶ διατεινόμενος τοὺς ὁμήρους ἀπολαβεῖν ἐπενόει τάδε. πέμψας παρὰ τὸν Πακούριον ᾔτει σταλῆναί οἱ τῶν Ῥωμαίων στρατιωτῶν ὀλίγους τινάς, ἐφ̓ ᾧ ξὺν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ ἔς τε τὸν Δρυοῦντα ἰέναι σφίσι δυνατὰ εἴη ἐνθένδε τε διαπορθμευσαμένοις τὸν Ἰόνιον κόλπον ἐπὶ Βυζαντίου κομίζεσθαι. [11] ὁ μὲν οὖν Πακούριος μακρὰν ἀπολελειμμένος τῶν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ βεβουλευμένων τῶν οἱ ἑπομένων πεντήκοντα στέλλει. [12] ὁ δὲ αὐτοὺς τῷ φρουρίῳ δεξάμενος καθεῖρξεν εὐθύς, τῷ τε Πακουρίῳ ἐσήμαινεν ὡς, εἴπερ αὐτῷ τοὺς στρατιώτας βουλομένῳ εἴη τοὺς αὑτοῦ ῥύεσθαι, ἀποδιδόναι δεήσει τοὺς Γότθων ὁμήρους. [13] ταῦτα ἀκούσας Πακούριος ὀλίγους μέν τινας ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ Δρυοῦντος φυλακῇ εἴασε, παντὶ δὲ τῷ ἄλλῳ στρατῷ ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους αὐτίκα ᾔει. [14] Ῥάγναρις δὲ τοὺς μὲν πεντήκοντα μελλήσει οὐδεμιᾷ ἔκτεινεν, ὡς ὑπαντιάσων δὲ τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐκ τοῦ Τάραντος τοὺς Γότθους ἐξῆγεν. ἐπειδή τε ἀλλήλοις ξυνέμιξαν, ἡσσῶνται Γότθοι. [15] Ῥάγναρίς τε αὐτοῦ ἀποβαλὼν πλείστους ξὺν τοῖς καταλοίποις δρασμῷ εἴχετο. ἐς μέντοι τὸν Τάραντα εἰσελθεῖν οὐδαμῆ ἴσχυσε, πανταχόθεν αὐτὸν περιβεβλημένων Ῥωμαίων, ἀλλ̓ ἐς Ἀχεροντίδα ἐλθὼν ἔμεινε. [16] ταῦτα μὲν οὖν τοιαύτῃ ἐγεγόνει. Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον τόν τε Πόρτον πολιορκήσαντες ὁμολογίᾳ εἷλον καὶ φρούριον ἐν Τούσκοις, ὃ δὴ Νέπα καλοῦσι, καὶ τὸ ἐν Πέτρᾳ τῇ Περτούσῃ ὀνομαζομένῃ ὀχύρωμα. [17] Τεΐας δὲ ῾οὐ γὰρ ἀξιομάχους τῷ Ῥωμαίων στρατῷ Γότθους κατὰ μόνας ᾤετο εἶναἰ παρὰ Θευδίβαλδον τὸν Φράγγων ἄρχοντα ἔπεμψε, χρήματα πολλὰ προτεινόμενος ἐπί τε ξυμμαχίαν παρακαλῶν. [18] ἀλλὰ Φράγγοι τὰ ξύμφορα, οἶμαι, βεβουλευμένοι οὔτε ὑπὲρ τῆς Γότθων οὔτε ὑπὲρ τῆς τῶν Ῥωμαίων ὠφελείας ἐβούλοντο θνήσκειν, ἀλλὰ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς προσποιεῖν Ἰταλίαν ἐν σπουδῇ εἶχον, καὶ τούτου δὴ ἕνεκα τοὺς ἐν πολέμῳ κινδύνους ὑφίστασθαι ἤθελον. ἐτύγχανε [19] δὲ Τουτίλας ἔνια μὲν τῶν χρημάτων ἐν Τικινῷ καταθέμενος, ᾗπέρ μοι ἔμπροσθεν εἴρηται, τὰ δὲ πλεῖστα ἐν φρουρίῳ ἐχυρῷ μάλιστα, ὅπερ ἐν Κύμῃ τῇ ἐπὶ Καμπανίας ξυμβαίνει εἶναι, καὶ φρουροὺς ἐνταῦθα καταστησάμενος, ἄρχοντά τε αὐτοῖς τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν αὑτοῦ ξὺν Ἡρωδιανῷ ἐπιστήσας. [20] τούτους δὴ βουλόμενος ὁ Ναρσῆς ἐξελεῖν ἐς Κύμην τινὰς τοὺς τὸ φρούριον πολιορκήσοντας ἔπεμψεν, αὐτὸς δὲ Ῥώμην διακοσμῶν αὐτοῦ ἔμεινε. καὶ ἄλλους στείλας ἐκέλευε Κεντουκέλλας πολιορκεῖν. [21] Τεΐας δὲ ἀμφὶ τοὺς ἐν Κύμῃ φρουροὺς καὶ τὰ χρήματα δείσας, ἀπογνούς τε τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν Φράγγων ἐλπίδα, τούς οἱ ἑπομένους διέτασσεν ὡς τοῖς πολεμίοις ὁμόσε χωρήσων. [22] Ὧνπερ αἰσθόμενος ὁ Ναρσῆς Ἰωάννην τε τὸν Βιταλιανοῦ ἀδελφιδοῦν καὶ Φιλημοὺθ ξὺν τῷ οἰκείῳ στρατεύματι ἐς τὰ ἐπὶ Τουσκίας χωρία ἰέναι κελεύει, ἐνταῦθά τε καθιζησομένους καὶ τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἀναχαιτίσοντας τὴν ἐπὶ Καμπανίας ὁδόν, ὅπως οἱ Κύμην πολιορκοῦντες ἀδεέστερον αὐτὴν ἢ βίᾳ ἢ ὁμολογίᾳ ἐξελεῖν δύναιντο. [23] ἀλλὰ Τεΐας ὁδοὺς μὲν ἐν δεξιᾷ τὰς ἐπιτομωτάτας ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖστον ἀφείς, περιόδους δὲ πολλὰς καὶ μακροτάτας περιβαλόμενος, διά τε τῆς παραλίας κόλπου τοῦ Ἰονίου ἰών, ἐς Καμπανίαν ἀφίκετο, [24] τοὺς πολεμίους λαθὼν ἅπαντας. ὅπερ ἐπεὶ Ναρσῆς ἔμαθε, τούς τε ἀμφὶ τὸν Ἰωάννην καὶ Φιλημοὺθ μετεπέμπετο, οἳ τὴν δίοδον ἐν Τούσκοις ἐφρούρουν, καὶ Βαλεριανὸν ἄρτι Πέτραν ἐξαιροῦντα τὴν Περτοῦσαν καλουμένην μετεκάλει ξὺν τοῖς ἑπομένοις, τάς τε δυνάμεις ξυνήγειρε, παντί τε καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ στρατῷ ὡς ἐς μάχην ξυντεταγμένος ἐς Καμπανοὺς ᾔει.